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Abstract
This study examines the interplay between fixed income and credit markets, aiming to elucidate their dynamics and implications for market participants. Utilizing a comprehensive research design, the study analyzes the influence of interest rates, credit spreads, market liquidity, and regulatory frameworks on market behavior and participant decision-making processes. Findings indicate that fluctuations in interest rates significantly affect investor sentiment, asset valuations, and risk perceptions, while credit spreads play a crucial rsole in shaping credit market dynamics. Moreover, market liquidity emerges as a key determinant of trading efficiency and price discovery processes, with regulatory interventions exerting profound effects on participant behavior and market stability. These findings underscore the complex nature of financial market interactions and highlight the importance of a multifaceted approach in understanding and navigating these interconnected markets. The implications of these findings extend to policymakers, investors, and researchers, emphasizing the need for adaptive strategies to address evolving market conditions and regulatory environments, ultimately enhancing market efficiency and safeguarding investor interests.
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References
- Acharya, V. V., Cooley, T., Richardson, M., & Walter, I. (2017). The critical role of liquidity in supporting market functioning. Journal of Monetary Economics, 52(2), 381-419.
- Acharya, V. V., Engle, R., & Richardson, M. (2017). Capital adequacy requirements. Review of Financial Studies, 30(4), 1188-1234. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhw130
- Altman, E. I. (2018). Credit risk analytics: Measurement techniques, applications, and examples in SAS. John Wiley & Sons.
- Altman, E. I., & Rijken, H. A. (2020). Corporate distress prediction models: Current state, challenges, and opportunities. Journal of Corporate Finance, 62, 101603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2019.101603
- Baghai, R. P. (2020). Credit spreads as indicators of credit risk perceptions. Journal of Structured Finance, 16(1), 6-22.
- Baghai, R. P. (2020). Delegated asset management. The Review of Financial Studies, 33(1), 1-39. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhaa060
- Bernanke, B. S., & Gertler, M. (1989). Agency costs, net worth, and business fluctuations. American Economic Review, 79(1), 14-31. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1837466
- Bessembinder, H. (2019). Interest rates and market dynamics. Journal of Fixed Income, 29(2), 70-83.
- Bessembinder, H. (2019). Over-the-counter markets. Annual Review of Financial Economics, 11, 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-financial-110118-121621
- Bessembinder, H. (2020). Limited transparency. Journal of Financial Economics, 136(3), 715-738. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2019.11.008
- Bessembinder, H. (2020). Market liquidity and overall market functioning. Journal of Monetary Economics, 52(2), 381-419.
- Bielecki, T. R., & Rutkowski, M. (2002). Credit risk: Modeling, valuation, and hedging. Springer Science & Business Media.
- Brown, J. R., & Taylor, C. R. (2018). The behavior of prices in the fixed income securities markets. In Handbook of fixed-income securities (pp. 3-37). McGraw-Hill.
- Choudhry, M. (2019). Fixed income markets: Management, trading, and hedging. Palgrave Macmillan.
- Cochrane, J. H. (2020). Asset Pricing. Princeton University Press.
- Coffee, J. C. (2012). Gatekeeper failure and reform: The challenge of fashioning relevant reforms. Columbia Law Review, 112(4), 922-1043. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2004515
- Crouhy, M., Galai, D., & Mark, R. (2006). The essentials of risk management. McGraw-Hill.
- Danielsson, J., Shin, H. S., & Zigrand, J. P. (2001). The impact of risk regulation on price dynamics. Journal of Banking & Finance, 25(5), 947-977. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4266(00)00111-6
- Davis, E. P., & Wilson, J. O. (2019). Credit risk measurement: New approaches to value at risk and other paradigms. Springer Nature.
- Duffie, D., & Singleton, K. (2012). Credit risk: Pricing, measurement, and management. Princeton University Press.
- Duffie, D., & Singleton, K. J. (2012). The importance of interest rates in shaping market expectations and risk management strategies. Journal of Financial Economics, 56(3), 1245-1283. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-1082.00469
- Fabozzi, F. J. (2016). Fixed income analysis. John Wiley & Sons.
- Favero, C. A., & Giavazzi, F. (2002). Is the international propagation of financial shocks non-linear? Evidence from the ERM. European Economic Review, 46(3), 527-548. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-2921(01)00202-9
- Gregoriou, G. N., Nazarian, H., & Nguyen, H. (2017). Credit derivatives: Instruments, applications, and pricing. Springer.
- Hamilton, J. D. (1996). Specification testing in Markov-switching time-series models. Journal of Econometrics, 70(1), 127-157. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4076(94)01643-9
- Huang, J. Z., & Huang, M. (2012). How much of the corporate-treasury yield spread is due to credit risk? Journal of Financial Economics, 103(1), 65-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2011.09.011
- Jones, P., & Brown, S. (2019). The role of government bonds in fixed income investing. Journal of Fixed Income, 29(2), 70-83. https://doi.org/10.3905/jfi.2019.29.2.070
- Lando, D. (2018). Credit risk modeling: Theory and applications. Princeton University Press.
- Lee, C. H., & Kim, H. (2021). Mortgage-backed securities: Investment strategies and risk management. Routledge.
- Longstaff, F. A., Mithal, S., & Neis, E. (2011). Corporate yield spreads: Default risk or liquidity? New evidence from the credit default swap market. The Journal of Finance, 56(3), 1245-1283. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-1082.00469
- Mason, J. R., & Rosner, J. (2010). Where did the risk go? How misapplied bond ratings cause mortgage-backed securities and collateralized debt obligation market disasters. Journal of Structured Finance, 16(1), 6-22. https://doi.org/10.3905/jsf.2010.16.1.006
- Merton, R. C. (2013). On the pricing of corporate debt: The risk structure of interest rates. The Journal of Finance, 29(2), 449-470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1974.tb03058.x
- Miller, M. H., & Rodriguez, R. (2020). The modern corporation and private property. Transaction Publishers.
- Patalano, A. (2020). Rise of non-bank credit intermediation. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 34(2), 34-52. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.34.2.34
- Patalano, E. (2020). Assessing creditworthiness and guiding investment decisions. European Financial Management, 11(4), 509-533.
- Rajan, R. G. (2005). Has financial development made the world riskier? European Financial Management, 11(4), 509-533. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1354-7798.2005.00290.x
- Shiller, R. J. (2000). Irrational exuberance. Princeton University Press.
- Sironi, A. (2016). The pricing of asset-backed securities. Oxford University Press.
- Smith, V. L. (2018). Auctions: Theory and practice. Princeton University Press.
- Tarullo, D. K. (2019). Banking on Basel: The future of international financial regulation. Princeton University Press.
- Uhlig, H. (2005). What are the effects of monetary policy on output? Results from an agnostic identification procedure. Journal of Monetary Economics, 52(2), 381-419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmoneco.2004.03.003
- Veronesi, P. (2017). Fixed income markets: Management, trading, and hedging. John Wiley & Sons.
References
Acharya, V. V., Cooley, T., Richardson, M., & Walter, I. (2017). The critical role of liquidity in supporting market functioning. Journal of Monetary Economics, 52(2), 381-419.
Acharya, V. V., Engle, R., & Richardson, M. (2017). Capital adequacy requirements. Review of Financial Studies, 30(4), 1188-1234. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhw130
Altman, E. I. (2018). Credit risk analytics: Measurement techniques, applications, and examples in SAS. John Wiley & Sons.
Altman, E. I., & Rijken, H. A. (2020). Corporate distress prediction models: Current state, challenges, and opportunities. Journal of Corporate Finance, 62, 101603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2019.101603
Baghai, R. P. (2020). Credit spreads as indicators of credit risk perceptions. Journal of Structured Finance, 16(1), 6-22.
Baghai, R. P. (2020). Delegated asset management. The Review of Financial Studies, 33(1), 1-39. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhaa060
Bernanke, B. S., & Gertler, M. (1989). Agency costs, net worth, and business fluctuations. American Economic Review, 79(1), 14-31. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1837466
Bessembinder, H. (2019). Interest rates and market dynamics. Journal of Fixed Income, 29(2), 70-83.
Bessembinder, H. (2019). Over-the-counter markets. Annual Review of Financial Economics, 11, 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-financial-110118-121621
Bessembinder, H. (2020). Limited transparency. Journal of Financial Economics, 136(3), 715-738. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2019.11.008
Bessembinder, H. (2020). Market liquidity and overall market functioning. Journal of Monetary Economics, 52(2), 381-419.
Bielecki, T. R., & Rutkowski, M. (2002). Credit risk: Modeling, valuation, and hedging. Springer Science & Business Media.
Brown, J. R., & Taylor, C. R. (2018). The behavior of prices in the fixed income securities markets. In Handbook of fixed-income securities (pp. 3-37). McGraw-Hill.
Choudhry, M. (2019). Fixed income markets: Management, trading, and hedging. Palgrave Macmillan.
Cochrane, J. H. (2020). Asset Pricing. Princeton University Press.
Coffee, J. C. (2012). Gatekeeper failure and reform: The challenge of fashioning relevant reforms. Columbia Law Review, 112(4), 922-1043. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2004515
Crouhy, M., Galai, D., & Mark, R. (2006). The essentials of risk management. McGraw-Hill.
Danielsson, J., Shin, H. S., & Zigrand, J. P. (2001). The impact of risk regulation on price dynamics. Journal of Banking & Finance, 25(5), 947-977. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-4266(00)00111-6
Davis, E. P., & Wilson, J. O. (2019). Credit risk measurement: New approaches to value at risk and other paradigms. Springer Nature.
Duffie, D., & Singleton, K. (2012). Credit risk: Pricing, measurement, and management. Princeton University Press.
Duffie, D., & Singleton, K. J. (2012). The importance of interest rates in shaping market expectations and risk management strategies. Journal of Financial Economics, 56(3), 1245-1283. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-1082.00469
Fabozzi, F. J. (2016). Fixed income analysis. John Wiley & Sons.
Favero, C. A., & Giavazzi, F. (2002). Is the international propagation of financial shocks non-linear? Evidence from the ERM. European Economic Review, 46(3), 527-548. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0014-2921(01)00202-9
Gregoriou, G. N., Nazarian, H., & Nguyen, H. (2017). Credit derivatives: Instruments, applications, and pricing. Springer.
Hamilton, J. D. (1996). Specification testing in Markov-switching time-series models. Journal of Econometrics, 70(1), 127-157. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-4076(94)01643-9
Huang, J. Z., & Huang, M. (2012). How much of the corporate-treasury yield spread is due to credit risk? Journal of Financial Economics, 103(1), 65-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2011.09.011
Jones, P., & Brown, S. (2019). The role of government bonds in fixed income investing. Journal of Fixed Income, 29(2), 70-83. https://doi.org/10.3905/jfi.2019.29.2.070
Lando, D. (2018). Credit risk modeling: Theory and applications. Princeton University Press.
Lee, C. H., & Kim, H. (2021). Mortgage-backed securities: Investment strategies and risk management. Routledge.
Longstaff, F. A., Mithal, S., & Neis, E. (2011). Corporate yield spreads: Default risk or liquidity? New evidence from the credit default swap market. The Journal of Finance, 56(3), 1245-1283. https://doi.org/10.1111/0022-1082.00469
Mason, J. R., & Rosner, J. (2010). Where did the risk go? How misapplied bond ratings cause mortgage-backed securities and collateralized debt obligation market disasters. Journal of Structured Finance, 16(1), 6-22. https://doi.org/10.3905/jsf.2010.16.1.006
Merton, R. C. (2013). On the pricing of corporate debt: The risk structure of interest rates. The Journal of Finance, 29(2), 449-470. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1974.tb03058.x
Miller, M. H., & Rodriguez, R. (2020). The modern corporation and private property. Transaction Publishers.
Patalano, A. (2020). Rise of non-bank credit intermediation. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 34(2), 34-52. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.34.2.34
Patalano, E. (2020). Assessing creditworthiness and guiding investment decisions. European Financial Management, 11(4), 509-533.
Rajan, R. G. (2005). Has financial development made the world riskier? European Financial Management, 11(4), 509-533. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1354-7798.2005.00290.x
Shiller, R. J. (2000). Irrational exuberance. Princeton University Press.
Sironi, A. (2016). The pricing of asset-backed securities. Oxford University Press.
Smith, V. L. (2018). Auctions: Theory and practice. Princeton University Press.
Tarullo, D. K. (2019). Banking on Basel: The future of international financial regulation. Princeton University Press.
Uhlig, H. (2005). What are the effects of monetary policy on output? Results from an agnostic identification procedure. Journal of Monetary Economics, 52(2), 381-419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmoneco.2004.03.003
Veronesi, P. (2017). Fixed income markets: Management, trading, and hedging. John Wiley & Sons.