Main Article Content

Abstract

Purpose: This study investigates the role of maternal health literacy in preventing pregnancy complications and evaluates the effectiveness of various educational interventions designed to enhance health literacy.


Research Design and Methodology: Utilizing a quantitative design, this research involved pre-and post-tests to measure changes in knowledge, skills, and attitudes among diverse demographic participants. Participants were divided into control and experimental groups. Educational interventions were implemented, including prenatal classes, online courses, and community workshops. Data were collected through surveys and analyzed using statistical methods.


Findings and Discussion: The study revealed a significant correlation between increased health literacy and reduced pregnancy complications such as pre-eclampsia, gestational diabetes, and preterm labor. This positive correlation underscores the potential for improved maternal and child health outcomes. Educational interventions significantly enhanced health literacy, with different models showing varied effectiveness based on accessibility and engagement. These findings align with the Health Belief Model and Self-Determination Theory, reinforcing the positive impact of health literacy on maternal and child health outcomes.


Implications: The research underscores the importance of tailored educational interventions in promoting maternal and child health. Policymakers and healthcare providers should prioritize developing comprehensive, accessible, culturally sensitive health education programs. Addressing socio-economic disparities and providing continuous support is crucial to ensuring that all mothers and children have equal access to healthcare and can benefit from improved health literacy. Future research should explore long-term impacts and innovative educational technologies to enhance maternal health outcomes further.

Keywords

Maternal Health Literacy Pregnancy Complications Educational Interventions Prenatal Care Health Education Programs

Article Details

References

  1. Adams, Y. J., & Young, J. (2022). Perceptions of postpartum teaching and knowledge of warning signs among Black mothers. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 44(1), 31–41. https://doi.org/10.1177/01939459211043939
  2. Anuar, H., Shah, S. A., Gafor, H., Mahmood, M. I., & Ghazi, H. F. (2020). Usage of Health Belief Model (HBM) in health behavior: A systematic review. Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 16(11), 2636–9346.
  3. Armaly, Z., Jadaon, J. E., Jabbour, A., & Abassi, Z. A. (2018). Preeclampsia: novel mechanisms and potential therapeutic approaches. Frontiers in Physiology, 9, 973. https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.00973
  4. Atoum, A. Y., & Al-Momani, A. (2018). Perceived self-efficacy and academic achievement among Jordanian students. Trends in Technical & Scientific Research, 3(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.19080/TTSR.2018.03.555602
  5. Azugbene, E. (2017). Maternal health literacy and maternal and child health outcomes: a review of the literature. Annals of Global Health, 83(1), 94. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AOGH.2017.03.208
  6. Barca, A. V., Bajar, R., Caniezo, A., Dizon, M. L., & Orte, C. J. (2019). Relationship between Health Literacy and Health-Promoting Behaviors among Teen Pregnant Mothers. Journal of Health and Caring Sciences, 1(2), 82–91.
  7. Bello, C. B., Esan, D. T., Akerele, S. A., & Fadare, R. I. (2022). Maternal health literacy, utilisation of maternal healthcare services and pregnancy outcomes among newly delivered mothers: A cross-sectional study in Nigeria. Public Health in Practice, 3, 100266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhip.2022.100266
  8. Brommer, J. E., & Class, B. (2017). Phenotypic correlations capture between-individual correlations underlying behavioral syndromes. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 71, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/S00265-017-2278-4
  9. Canterbury, A., Erqou, S., Clougherty, J., Bambs, C., Kinnee, E. J., Tripathy, S., Shpilsky, D., Magnani, J., Aiyer, A., & Reis, S. (2018). Associations among cumulative social risk, ideal cardiovascular health and exposure to environmental pollutants. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 71(11S), A1857–A1857. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0735-1097(18)32398-2
  10. Chen, X., Hay, J. L., Waters, E. A., Kiviniemi, M. T., Biddle, C., Schofield, E., Li, Y., Kaphingst, K., & Orom, H. (2018). Health literacy and use and trust in health information. Journal of Health Communication, 23(8), 724–734. https://doi.org/10.1080/10810730.2018.1511658
  11. Choi, R., & Hwang, B.-D. (2017). Influencing factors of health status of status according to income class and socioeconomic class recognition by employment type. Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial Cooperation Society, 18(2), 85–94. https://doi.org/10.5762/KAIS.2017.18.2.85
  12. Deci, E. L., Olafsen, A. H., & Ryan, R. M. (2017). Self-determination theory in work organizations: The state of a science. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 4(1), 19–43. https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV-ORGPSYCH-032516-113108
  13. Diao, J. A., & Kvedar, J. (2021). Mobile health technology for diverse populations: challenges and opportunities. NPJ Digital Medicine, 4(1), 130. https://doi.org/10.1038/S41746-021-00500-W
  14. Doshi, U., Hersh, A. R., Garg, B., Chaiken, S. R., & Caughey, A. B. (2023). Rates of preeclampsia in subsequent pregnancies by BMI. American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology, 228(1), S406–S407. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2022.11.709
  15. Ernawati, E. (2024). The Impact of Midwifery-Led Care on Birth Outcomes in Low-Risk Pregnancies. Advances in Healthcare Research, 2(2), 66–76. https://doi.org/10.60079/ahr.v2i2.334
  16. Forghani, T., Ahmadian, M., Rezaeisharif, F., & Ahadi, M. (2021). Survey of health literacy during pregnancy and its relationship with prenatal care. Journal of Health Literacy, 6(1), 20–30. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22038/JHL.2021.55315.1148
  17. Hackney, K. J., Daniels, S. R., Paustian-Underdahl, S. C., Perrewé, P. L., Mandeville, A., & Eaton, A. A. (2021). Examining the effects of perceived pregnancy discrimination on mother and baby health. Journal of Applied Psychology, 106(5), 774.
  18. Hasriantirisna, H., & Nanda, K. R. (2024). Effects of Stress During Pregnancy on Maternal and Fetal Health: A Systematic Review. Advances in Healthcare Research, 2(2), 103–115. https://doi.org/10.60079/ahr.v2i2.339
  19. Jafari, M. (2017). Life101 enhances healthy lifestyle choices in pre-health undergraduate students. Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice, 14(3). http://ro.uow.edu.au/jutlp/vol14/iss3/4
  20. Jin, S. W., Lee, Y., & Dia, D. A. (2019). Analyzing paths from online health information seeking to colorectal cancer screening using health literacy skills frame and cognitive mediation model. Patient Education and Counseling, 102(3), 416–423. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PEC.2018.11.002
  21. Joshi, M. Y., Mistry, U., & Shrivastava, A. (2023). Maternal outcome amongst all deliveries of nullipara in spontaneous labor at term≥ 37 weeks at a tertiary health care center in south Gujarat, India. International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology, 12(7), 2106. https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20231917
  22. Kagwe, J., Jones, S., & Johnson, S. L. (2019). Factors related to intention to leave and job satisfaction among registered nurses at a large psychiatric hospital. Issues in Mental Health Nursing. https://doi.org/10.1080/01612840.2019.1611977
  23. Karumanchi, S. A. (2018). Pregnancy and the Kidney. In Textbook of Nephro-Endocrinology (pp. 319–345). Elsevier. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4357-3.ch005
  24. Kim, Y., & Radoias, V. (2021). Subjective socioeconomic status, health, and early-life conditions. Journal of Health Psychology, 26(4), 595–604. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105319828137
  25. Landrigan, P. J., Fuller, R., Hu, H., Caravanos, J., Cropper, M. L., Hanrahan, D., Sandilya, K., Chiles, T. C., Kumar, P., & Suk, W. A. (2018). Pollution and global health–an agenda for prevention. Environmental Health Perspectives, 126(8), 84501. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP3141
  26. Lee, H. Y., Zhou, A. Q., Lee, R. M., & Dillon, A. L. (2020). Parents’ functional health literacy is associated with children’s health outcomes: Implications for health practice, policy, and research. Children and Youth Services Review, 110, 104801.
  27. Lee, M., Wu, K., Yu, A., Roumiantsev, S., Shailam, R., Nimkin, K., & Sagar, P. (2019). Pulmonary hemorrhage in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome: radiographic evolution, course, complications and long-term clinical outcomes. Journal of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, 12(2), 161–171. https://doi.org/10.3233/NPM-1867
  28. Liu, T.-L., Taylor, Y. J., Schuch, J. C., Tucker, L., Zager, K. M., & Dulin, M. F. (2022). Variations in receipt of contraceptives by insurance status and race/ethnicity. North Carolina Medical Journal, 83(1), 58–66. https://doi.org/10.18043/ncm.83.1.58
  29. Lupton, D., & Maslen, S. (2019). How women use digital technologies for health: qualitative interview and focus group study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 21(1), e11481. https://doi.org/10.2196/11481
  30. Luquis, R. R., & Kensinger, W. S. (2019). Applying the health belief model to assess prevention services among young adults. International Journal of Health Promotion and Education, 57(1), 37–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/14635240.2018.1549958
  31. Malik, M., Zaidi, R. Z., & Hussain, A. (2017). Health literacy as a global public health concern: a systematic review. Journal of Pharmacology & Clinical Research, 4(2), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.19080/JPCR.2017.04.555632
  32. Marmot, M. (2018). Inclusion health: addressing the causes of the causes. The Lancet, 391(10117), 186–188. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32848-9
  33. Meldgaard, M., Gamborg, M., & Maindal, H. T. (2022). Health literacy levels among women in the prenatal period: A systematic review. Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare, 34, 100796. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.srhc.2022.100796
  34. Mousavi, S. M., & Iwatsuki, T. (2021). Easy task and choice: Motivational interventions facilitate motor skill learning in children. Journal of Motor Learning and Development, 10(1), 61–75. https://doi.org/10.1123/JMLD.2021-0023
  35. Nawabi, F., Krebs, F., Vennedey, V., Shukri, A., Lorenz, L., & Stock, S. (2021). Health literacy in pregnant women: a systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(7), 3847. https://doi.org/Health Literacy in Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review F. Nawabi, F. Krebs, Vera Vennedey, Arim Shukri, L. Lorenz, S. Stock International Journal of Environment
  36. Nepps, P., Lake, A., Fox, J., Martinez, C., Matsen, P., & Zimmerman, K. (2023). Improving health equity through health literacy education. HLRP: Health Literacy Research and Practice, 7(2), e99–e104. https://doi.org/Improving Health Equity Through Health Literacy Education
  37. Nurdin, S. S. I., Dunggio, R., Batiti, S., Sondakh, L., & Ahmad, Z. F. (2021). Determinan Kejadian Preeklampsia pada Ibu Hamil. Journal Midwifery Jurusan Kebidanan Politeknik Kesehatan Gorontalo, 7(1), 31. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.52365/jm.v7i1.318
  38. Nutbeam, D., McGill, B., & Premkumar, P. (2018). Improving health literacy in community populations: a review of progress. Health Promotion International, 33(5), 901–911. https://doi.org/10.1093/HEAPRO/DAX015
  39. Peraçoli, J. C., Borges, V. T. M., Ramos, J. G. L., de Carvalho Cavalli, R., Costa, S. H. de A. M., de Oliveira, L. G., de Souza, F. L. P., Korkes, H. A., Brum, I. R., & Costa, M. L. (2019). Pre-eclampsia/eclampsia. Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia/RBGO Gynecology and Obstetrics, 41(05), 318–332. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1687859
  40. Rac, H., Gould, A. P., Eiland, L. S., Griffin, B., McLaughlin, M., Stover, K. R., Bland, C. M., & Bookstaver, P. B. (2019). Common bacterial and viral infections: review of management in the pregnant patient. Annals of Pharmacotherapy, 53(6), 639–651. https://doi.org/10.1177/1060028018817935
  41. Rajia, R. (2024). Pregnancy and Preterm Birth: A Systematic Review of Risk Factors and Prevention. Advances in Healthcare Research, 2(2), 88–102. https://doi.org/10.60079/ahr.v2i2.337
  42. Resmawati, R., Saputri, C. A., & Ariyana, A. (2024). The Relationship Between Premarital Reproductive Counselling and Husband Support with Increased Coverage Pure K1 Maternity Visit Coverage. Advances in Healthcare Research, 2(2), 77–87. https://doi.org/10.60079/ahr.v2i2.331
  43. Shilbayeh, S. A. R., Al-Qarni, A. F., Al-Turki, M. M., Al-Nuwisser, M. N., Al-Nuwaysir, O. A., Al-Muhraj, W. F., & Alanazi, M. A. (2020). The positive impact of pharmacist interventions using educational video technology on patient knowledge of and satisfaction with warfarin therapy. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences, 11(3), 2778–2789. https://doi.org/10.26452/IJRPS.V11I3.2351
  44. Skare, E. (2022). Affluent and well-educated? Analyzing the socioeconomic backgrounds of fallen Palestinian Islamist militants. The Middle East Journal, 76(1), 72–92. https://doi.org/10.3751/76.1.14
  45. Sutherland, L., Neale, D., Henderson, J., Clark, J., Levine, D., & Bennett, W. L. (2020). Provider counseling about and risk perception for future chronic disease among women with gestational diabetes and preeclampsia. Journal of Women’s Health, 29(9), 1168–1175. https://doi.org/10.1089/JWH.2019.7767
  46. Tavananezhad, N., Bolbanabad, A. M., Ghelichkhani, F., Effati-Daryani, F., & Mirghafourvand, M. (2022). The relationship between health literacy and empowerment in pregnant women: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 22(1), 351. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-022-04686-z
  47. Thiru, S., Ansari, F., Cubbon, R., Forbes, K., Chowdhary, A., Jex, N., Kotha, S., Morley, L., Xue, H., & Kellman, P. (2022). Gestational diabetes, preeclampsia and the maternal heart. European Heart Journal, 43(Supplement_2), ehac544-2597. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehac544.2597
  48. Torres-Espínola, F. J., Berglund, S. K., García, S., Pérez-García, M., Catena, A., Rueda, R., Sáez, J. A., Campoy, C., & Team, P. (2018). Visual evoked potentials in offspring born to mothers with overweight, obesity and gestational diabetes. PloS One, 13(9), e0203754. https://doi.org/10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0203754
  49. Wang, M.-J., & Lo, Y.-T. (2021). Improving patient health literacy in hospitals–a challenge for hospital health education programs. Risk Management and Healthcare Policy, 4415–4424. https://doi.org/10.2147/RMHP.S332220
  50. Wearing, S., McDonald, M., Schweinsberg, S., Chatterton, P., & Bainbridge, T. (2020). Exploring tripartite praxis for the REDD+ forest climate change initiative through community based ecotourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 28(3), 377–393. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2019.1676251
  51. Woolf, S. H. (2019). Necessary but not sufficient: Why health care alone cannot improve population health and reduce health inequities. In The Annals of Family Medicine (Vol. 17, Issue 3, pp. 196–199). Annals Family Med. https://doi.org/10.1370/AFM.2395
  52. Yahya, F. D. (2023). The Role of Multidisciplinary Approaches in Public Health Research: A Literature Review. Advances in Healthcare Research, 1(2), 55–62. https://doi.org/10.60079/ahr.v1i2.181
  53. Yue, P., Wu, Y., Zhang, Y., Chen, Y., Li, J., Xu, Y., & Liu, Y. (2021). Contemplation‐action‐maintenance model of behaviour change for persons with coronary heart disease: A qualitative study. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 30(9–10), 1464–1478. https://doi.org/10.1111/JOCN.15699