Article Sidebar

Download
Statistic
Read Counter : 0

Main Article Content

Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of pediatric inpatients with diarrhea and to evaluate the relationship between the type of antibiotics used and therapeutic effectiveness at Bhina Bhakti Husada Rembang Hospital. It was hypothesized that differences in antibiotic type might influence treatment effectiveness, although other clinical factors could also contribute.


Research Method: This study used a descriptive-analytic design with a retrospective approach based on medical records of 106 pediatric inpatients diagnosed with diarrhea during June–December 2025. Data included age, sex, antibiotic type, length of hospital stay, and diarrhea frequency before and after therapy. Therapeutic effectiveness was assessed based on length of hospitalization, with ≤3 days categorized as effective and >3 days as ineffective, supported by improvement in diarrhea frequency. Data were analyzed descriptively and bivariately.


Results and Discussion: Most patients were aged 1–5 years (54.7%) and male (67.9%). Nitroimidazole was the most frequently used antibiotic (53.8%), followed by third-generation cephalosporins (34.0%). Overall, 57.5% of patients were categorized as effective and 42.5% as ineffective. No significant relationship was found between antibiotic type and therapeutic effectiveness.


Implications: These findings suggest that treatment success in pediatric diarrhea is multifactorial and not solely determined by antibiotic class. Further research should include disease severity, hydration status, nutritional condition, and local resistance patterns.

Keywords

pediatric diarrhea antibiotic use therapeutic effectiveness inpatient care hospitalization length hospital

Article Details

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite
Retnowati, E., Purnama, P. S. I., Sukoharjanti, B. T., & Dahbul, N. A. (2026). Effectiveness of Antibiotic Use in Pediatric Diarrheal Patients Inpatient Bhina Bhakti Husada Rembang Hospital. Advances in Healthcare Research, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.60079/ahr.v4i1.729
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX

References

  1. Adnan, A., Ahad Jamshaid, A., Farooq, M. A. & Fatima, T. (2021). Nitazoxanide in treatment of rotavirus diarrhea in children : a single center study. 12. https://doi.org/10.37723/jumdc.v12i2.549
  2. Al Kautsar, F. N., Hasanudin, M. N. & Fa'izah, N. (2025). Evaluation of Acute Diarrhoea Treatment in Children at Yogyakarta City Hospital for the January-June 2024 Period. In the Journal of Health Sciences (JIKA) (Vol. 4, Number 1).
  3. Alimah, N. O. H., Suriyadi, A., Uslim, M. & Besan, J. (2025). Journal of Innovative and Creativity Evaluation of the Use of Antibiotics in Pediatric Patients with Diarrhea at Type B Hospitals in Kudus Regency in 2024. In the Journal of Innovative and Creativity (Vol. 5, Number 2).
  4. Amanda, L., Nadia Utami, K., Amanda Pulungan, A., Riyanti Rudiatmoko, D. & Safira Alatas, F. (2022). Characteristics of Pediatric Patients with Diarrhea in Indonesia: A Laboratory-based Report. https://doi.org/10.58427/apg
  5. Anggita, D., Nuraisyah, S. & Wiriansya, E. P. (2022). Mechanism of Action of Open Access Antibiotics ABSTRACT. In UMI Medical Journal (Vol. 7).
  6. Anggraini, D. (2022). diarrhea in children. http://journal.scientic.id/index.php/sciena/issue/view/4
  7. Das, S., Neupane, R., Beard, J., Solomon, H., Das, M., Errickson, N., Simon, J. L., Nisar, Y. B., MacLeod, W. B. & Hamer, D. H. (2024). Aetiology of diarrhoea in children aged zero to nine years in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review. Journal of Global Health, 14. https://doi.org/10.7189/JOGH.14.04168
  8. Duong, V. T., Tuyen, H. T., Van Minh, P., Campbell, J. I., Le Phuc, H., Nhu, T. D. H., Tu, L. T. P., Chau, T. T. H., Nhi, L. T. Q., Hung, N. T., Ngoc, N. M., Huong, N. T. T., Vi, L. L., Thompson, C. N., Thwaites, G. E., De Alwis, R. & Baker, S. (2018). No Clinical benefit of empirical antimicrobial therapy for pediatric diarrhea in a high-use, high-resistance setting. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 66(4), 504–511. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cix844
  9. Fikry Iqbal, A., Setyawati, T., Towidjojo, V. D. & Agni, F. (2022). The effect of clean and healthy living behavior on the incidence of diarrhea in school children. The effect of clean and healthy living behavior on the event of diarrhea in school children. In the Journal of the Medical Profession (MedPro) (Vol. 4, Number 3).
  10. Guarino, A., Bruzzese, E. & Giannattasio, A. (2020). Antibiotic treatment of acute gastroenteritis in children. In F1000Research (Vol. 7). Faculty of 1000 Ltd. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.12328.1
  11. Jap, A. L. S. (2021). Acute Diarrhea Caused by Infection. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 27(3), 282–288. https://doi.org/10.36452/jkdoktmeditek.v27i3.2068
  12. Kim, S. Y., Jang, M. S. & Kim, J. (2022). Impact of Third-Generation Cephalosporin Resistance on Recurrence in Children with Febrile Urinary Tract Infections. Journal of Personalized Medicine, 12(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm12050773
  13. Kim, Y. J., Park, K. H., Park, D. A., Park, J., Bang, B. W., Lee, S. S., Lee, E. J., Lee, H. J., Hong, S. K. & Kim, Y. R. (2021). Guideline for the antibiotic use in acute gastroenteritis. Infection and Chemotherapy, 51(2), 217–243. https://doi.org/10.3947/ic.2019.51.2.217
  14. Krisliandi, I., Made, G., Surya, G., Trapika, C., Ayu, I., Widhiartini, A., Komang Satriyasa, B. & Correspondence: I, P. (2025). Profile of antibiotic use in pediatric patients with acute diarrhea and hospitalization at Hospital X Gianyar Regency in 2023. Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University | Medicine, 56(1), 33–39. https://doi.org/10.15562/medicina.v56i1.1365
  15. Lahiri, S. D. (2020). Narrow-spectrum antibacterial agents—benefits and challenges. In Antibiotics (Vol. 9, Number 7, pp. 1–8). MDPI AG. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9070418
  16. Lanyero, H., Ocan, M., Obua, C., Stålsby Lundborg, C., Nanzigu, S., Katureebe, A., N. Kalyango, J. & Eriksen, J. (2021). Antibiotic use among children under five years with diarrhea in rural communities of Gulu, northern Uganda: a cross-sectional study. BMC public health, 21(1), 1254. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11254-1
  17. That was a good thing for Nandini. (2024). Determinants of Length of Treatment for Acute Diarrhoea Patients in Children Under Five Years at Bali Mandara Hospital in 2020-2022.
  18. Novita, R. P., Amriani S, A., Wijaya, D. P. & Novelia, D. (2023). Evaluation of the Use of Antibiotics in Pediatric Patients with Acute Diarrhoea. Journal of Science Research, 25(1), 56. https://doi.org/10.56064/jps.v25i1.719
  19. Puspitawati, T. (2020). Design and Build an Ethical Clearance Submission System at the Research Ethics Commission of Respati University of Yogyakarta, Special Region of Yoogyakarta.
  20. Rokhmah, N. N., Grace, Y., Manuel, P., Nillafita, E., Kusuma, P. & Nurdin, N. M. (2022). The Rationality of Antibiotics Use on Acute Diarrhea to Pediatric Inpatients in the Fatmawati Hospital for 2018-2019 period. https://doi.org/10.22487/j24428744.2022.v8.i2.15601
  21. Ruth, I. (2024).diarrhea in children. 8. https://doi.org/10.37817/ikraith-humaniora.v8i2
  22. Simadibrata, dr. Adeline Pasaribu, S., dr. Sharifah Shakinah, S., dr. Muhammad Firhat Idrus, S. K.-G., dr. Saskia Aziza Nursyirwan, S. K.-G., r. Rabbinu Rangga Pribadi, S. K.-G. dr. V. N. M. S. K.-G., Prof. Dr. dr. Ari Fahrial Syam, M. S. K.-G. F. F., Dr. dr. Adityo Susilo, S. K.-P., Dr. dr. Hery Djagat Purnomo, S. K.-G., Dr. dr. I Ketut Mariadi, S. K.-G. & dr. Rabbinu Rangga Pribadi, S. K.-G. (2024). Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia.
  23. Simatupang, D., Hidayah, N., Nasution, R., Andarwati, R., Pharmacy, J. & Medan, K. (2023). Rationality of the Use of Antibiotics in Diarrhea Patients at the Padang Bulan Health Center in Medan. Information Media, 19(2), 2023–2057. https://ejurnal2.poltekkestasikmalaya.ac.id/index.php/bmi
  24. Syafridah, A., Dental and Community Health Sciences, B., Medicine, F. & Malikussaleh, U. (2022). Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan Ibu Dengan Perilaku Penggunaan Antibiotik Pada Balita Usia 0-2 Tahun Di Puskesmas Dewantara Kabupaten Aceh Utara The Relationship between Mother’s Knowledge Level and Antibiotic Use Behavior in Toddlers Age 0-2 Years At Dewantara Health Center, North Aceh Regency. In AVERROUS: The Journal of Medicine and Health of Malikussaleh (Vol. 8, Number 2).
  25. Tanir Basaranoglu, S., Karaaslan, A., Salı, E., Çiftçi, E., Gayretli Aydın, Z. G., Aldemir Kocabaş, B., Kaya, C., Şen Bayturan, S., Kara, S. S., Yılmaz Çiftdoğan, D., Çay, Ü., Gundogdu Aktürk, H., Çelik, M., Ozdemir, H., Somer, A., Diri, T., Yazar, A. S., Sütçü, M., Tezer, H., ... Carr, A. (2023). Antibiotic associated diarrhea in outpatient pediatric antibiotic therapy. BMC Pediatrics, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-023-03939-w
  26. Valerie Nemeth. (2025). Diarrhea Continuing Education Activity.
  27. Widiastuti, Z., Purwaningsih, A. E. D. A. & Ulum, A. N. (2025). Antibiotic Use in Inpatients with Diarrhea in Children: A Quantitative Evaluation at Hospital X, Semarang Regency, 2023. JOURNAL OF PHARMACY (JFM), 8(1), 213–219. https://doi.org/10.35451/s8qfqn40
  28. Xiao, Q., Chen, B., Zhu, Z., Yang, T., Tao, E., Hu, C., Zheng, W., Tang, W., Shu, X. & Jiang, M. (2023). Alterations in the Fecal Microbiota Composition in Pediatric Acute Diarrhea: A Cross-Sectional and Comparative Study of Viral and Bacterial Enteritis. Infection and Drug Resistance, 16, 5473–5483. https://doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S410720