Advances in Healthcare Research

Differences in Dosage of Red Watermelon Juice to Reduce Blood Pressure in Hypertensive Patients in Ngepungrojo Pati Village

Nabila Fitriana, Sukesih Sukesih, Yulisetyaningrum Yulisetyaningrum — Sat, 28 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Purpose: This study aimed to determine whether different doses of red watermelon juice, namely 150 ml and 250 ml, were effective in reducing blood pressure among hypertensive patients in Ngepungrojo Village, Pati. It was hypothesized that both doses would lower blood pressure, with a possible difference in effectiveness between the two intervention groups.

Research Method: This study used a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test post-test approach involving 32 hypertensive patients selected through total sampling. Respondents were divided into two intervention groups, each receiving 150 ml or 250 ml of red watermelon juice. Blood pressure was measured before and after intervention using a digital sphygmomanometer. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, paired sample t-test, and independent sample t-test.

Results and Discussion: Both intervention groups showed significant reductions in systolic and diastolic blood pressure after treatment. In the 150 ml group, blood pressure decreased significantly, and similar results were observed in the 250 ml group. However, no statistically significant difference was found between the effectiveness of the 150 ml and 250 ml doses.

Implications: Red watermelon juice may be considered a simple non-pharmacological intervention to help control blood pressure in hypertensive patients. Further studies with larger samples and stricter control of confounding factors are recommended.

Analysis of Patient Characteristics on Potential Drug Interactions in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) Patients at Dr. R Soedjati Purwodadi Grobogan Hospital

Eko Retnowati Nabilla, Malika Audrey, Intan Adevia Rosnarita — Sat, 28 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze patient characteristics associated with potential drug interactions among Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients at Dr. R Soedjati Purwodadi Grobogan Hospital. It was hypothesized that patient-related factors, particularly the number of prescribed drugs, would influence the occurrence of potential drug interactions.

Research Method: This quantitative observational study employed a retrospective cross-sectional design using ICU medical records from January to October 2025. Drug interaction screening was conducted using Medscape and Drug Interaction Checker. The variables included age, sex, comorbidities, number of drugs, interaction severity, and interaction mechanism. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis.

Results and Discussion: A total of 255 potential drug interactions were identified, with most classified as moderate (56.9%) and pharmacodynamic (62.7%). Most patients were elderly, female, and had comorbidities. Statistical analysis showed no significant relationship between age, sex, or disease history and potential drug interactions, whereas the number of drugs prescribed was significantly associated with interaction occurrence (p < 0.001).

Implications: These findings emphasize that polypharmacy is the main determinant of potential drug interactions in ICU patients. Strengthened clinical monitoring, prescription review, and pharmacist involvement are needed to improve medication safety in intensive care settings.

Analysis of Patient Satisfaction Levels Toward the Implementation of Electronic Prescribing (E-Prescribing) in the Outpatient Department of Jekulo Kudus Community Health Center

Ira Setia Lestari, Endang Setyowati, Intan Adevia Rosnarita — Sat, 28 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze patient satisfaction with the implementation of electronic prescribing (e-prescribing) in the outpatient department of Jekulo Kudus Community Health Center and to identify the relationship between patient satisfaction and respondent characteristics as well as service-related indicators. It was hypothesized that e-prescribing implementation was associated with a good level of patient satisfaction, although several service attributes still required improvement.

Research Method: This study used an analytical observational method with a cross-sectional design involving 96 outpatients. Data were collected using a questionnaire based on five SERVQUAL dimensions: tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, assurance, and empathy. Data analysis included validity and reliability testing, univariate analysis, bivariate analysis using the Mann-Whitney test, and Importance Performance Analysis (IPA).

Results and Discussion: Patient satisfaction was significantly associated with age, education level, health insurance status, and frequency of visits to the pharmacy clinic (p < 0.001), while gender, employment status, and number of medications received were not significantly related (p > 0.05). All SERVQUAL dimensions showed high perceived performance scores, indicating generally good satisfaction. However, IPA identified several priority areas for improvement, particularly the clarity of drug information, staff responsiveness, and patient attention.

Implications: The findings indicate that e-prescribing has improved outpatient pharmaceutical services, but continuous efforts are needed to strengthen communication and patient-centered interaction. Further studies should explore system efficiency and long-term patient outcomes.

Effectiveness of Antibiotic Use in Pediatric Diarrheal Patients Inpatient Bhina Bhakti Husada Rembang Hospital

Sat, 28 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of pediatric inpatients with diarrhea and to evaluate the relationship between the type of antibiotics used and therapeutic effectiveness at Bhina Bhakti Husada Rembang Hospital. It was hypothesized that differences in antibiotic type might influence treatment effectiveness, although other clinical factors could also contribute.

Research Method: This study used a descriptive-analytic design with a retrospective approach based on medical records of 106 pediatric inpatients diagnosed with diarrhea during June–December 2025. Data included age, sex, antibiotic type, length of hospital stay, and diarrhea frequency before and after therapy. Therapeutic effectiveness was assessed based on length of hospitalization, with ≤3 days categorized as effective and >3 days as ineffective, supported by improvement in diarrhea frequency. Data were analyzed descriptively and bivariately.

Results and Discussion: Most patients were aged 1–5 years (54.7%) and male (67.9%). Nitroimidazole was the most frequently used antibiotic (53.8%), followed by third-generation cephalosporins (34.0%). Overall, 57.5% of patients were categorized as effective and 42.5% as ineffective. No significant relationship was found between antibiotic type and therapeutic effectiveness.

Implications: These findings suggest that treatment success in pediatric diarrhea is multifactorial and not solely determined by antibiotic class. Further research should include disease severity, hydration status, nutritional condition, and local resistance patterns.

Effect of Massage Effleurage on The Intensity of Labor Pain During Phase 1 of Active Phase

Adelia Putri Widyani, Fania Nurul Khoirunnisa, Nasriyah Nasriyah — Sat, 28 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the effect of effleurage massage on the intensity of labor pain during the first active phase among mothers giving birth at Sunan Kudus Islamic Hospital. It was hypothesized that the application of effleurage massage would significantly reduce the intensity of labor pain.

Research Method: This study used a pre-experimental one-group pretest-posttest design. A total of 46 mothers in the first active phase of labor were selected using purposive sampling. Pain intensity was measured before and after the intervention using the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS). Data were analyzed using univariate analysis and the Wilcoxon test after the Shapiro-Wilk normality test indicated a non-normal distribution.

Results and Discussion: The mean pain score decreased from 3.59 before the intervention to 2.74 after the intervention. The Wilcoxon test result showed p = 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating a significant effect of effleurage massage on reducing labor pain intensity. These findings suggest that effleurage massage is an effective, safe, and simple non-pharmacological intervention for improving maternal comfort during labor.

Implications: The findings support integrating effleurage massage into routine midwifery care. Further studies with control groups and larger sample sizes are recommended to strengthen evidence of its clinical effectiveness.

Analysis of The Implementation of Pharmaceutical Service Standards in Accordance with The Minister of Health Regulation 73 of 2016 on The Management of Preparations in Pharmacies in Jepara Regency

Lu’lu’atul Miskiyah, Ria Etikasari, Ahmad Suriyadi Muslim — Sat, 28 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the level of implementation of Pharmaceutical Service Standards in accordance with the Minister of Health Regulation No. 73 of 2016 in the management of pharmaceutical preparations in pharmacies in Jepara Regency and to identify supporting factors and obstacles in its implementation.

Research Method: This study employed a descriptive, quantitative design with an observational, cross-sectional approach. The population consisted of 218 active pharmacies in Jepara Regency, and a minimum sample of 69 pharmacies was selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through questionnaires, observations, and documentation, focusing on planning, procurement, receiving, storage, control, destruction, and recording and reporting. Data were analyzed univariately using frequencies, percentages, and averages.

Results and Discussion: The implementation of pharmaceutical preparation management was generally in accordance with the standard. Most pharmacies showed high compliance across planning, procurement, receiving, storage, destruction, and recording and reporting. However, several aspects still require improvement, particularly the use of disease-pattern data in planning, pharmacist supervision during procurement, consistency of stock card recording, and the completeness of documentation and reporting.

Implications: These findings indicate that pharmaceutical service standards have been widely implemented, but ongoing supervision, training, and system strengthening are needed to ensure more consistent and sustainable compliance across all pharmacies.

Analysis of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Adult Patients in Panti Rahayu Yakkum Purwodadi Hospital

Milga Mahargyaning Vianda Widodo, Endang Setyowati, Ulviani Yulia Husna — Sat, 28 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the treatment of dengue hemorrhagic fever in adult inpatients at Panti Rahayu Yakkum Purwodadi Hospital and to evaluate the appropriateness of therapy based on the 2020 Indonesian Ministry of Health guideline.
Research Method: This research used a non-experimental observational design with a retrospective descriptive-analytic approach. Data were collected from the medical records of 95 adult inpatients diagnosed with dengue hemorrhagic fever during January-September 2025 using purposive sampling. The variables included patient characteristics, supportive therapy, concomitant drugs, and therapeutic appropriateness. Data were analyzed descriptively and evaluatively.
Results and Discussion: The most frequently used therapies were Ringer Lactate infusion (96.84%), paracetamol 500 mg (50.53%), and intravenous paracetamol (45.26%). Evaluation showed appropriate indication in 70.5% of cases, appropriate drug in 51.6%, appropriate patient in 93.7%, and appropriate dose in 95.8%. The findings indicate that dengue treatment was largely dominated by supportive therapy, although some inappropriate drug use was still identified.
Implications: The findings underscore the importance of adherence to clinical guidelines for improving therapeutic safety and effectiveness. Further studies are recommended to examine the relationship between therapeutic appropriateness, clinical outcomes, complications, and length of hospitalization.

Evaluation of The Drug Storage System at The Welahan II Health Center Based on The Minister of Health Regulation No. 74 of 2016

Dea Safira, Zaenal Fanani, Muhammad Nurul Fadel — Sat, 28 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the compliance of the drug storage system at Welahan II Community Health Center with the standards set in the Minister of Health Regulation No. 74 of 2016. It was hypothesized that the storage system would exhibit high compliance, although several aspects of the physical infrastructure might still require improvement.

Research Method: This study used a quantitative descriptive-evaluative design with a cross-sectional approach. Data were collected in February 2026 through direct observation using checklists, structured interviews, and documentation in the pharmaceutical warehouse of Welahan II Community Health Center. The evaluation covered spatial arrangement, stock preparation, separation of special drugs, observation of drug quality, and recording on stock cards. Data were analyzed descriptively by calculating the percentage of compliance with regulatory indicators.

Results and Discussion: The overall average compliance was 93%, categorized as very good. Perfect compliance (100%) was achieved in special drug separation, physical quality observation, and stock card recording. Stock preparation reached 90%, while spatial arrangement had the lowest score (75%) due to limited warehouse space and non-standard room layout.

Implications: The findings indicate that strong administrative and technical discipline can compensate for infrastructure limitations in maintaining drug quality and patient safety. Further studies should assess the effect of storage compliance on service efficiency and medication error prevention.

Medication Profile and Side Effect - Severity of Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patient at Bhina Bhakti Husada Rembang Hospital

Nike Sri Wulandari, Endang Setyowati, Intan Adevia Rosnarita — Sat, 28 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the treatment profile and the type and severity of anti-tuberculosis drug (OAT) side effects in pulmonary tuberculosis patients at Bhina Bhakti Husada Rembang Hospital. It was hypothesized that most patients would receive first-line OAT regimens and experience side effects predominantly of moderate severity.

Research Method: This study used a descriptive observational method with a cross-sectional design. Data were obtained retrospectively from the medical records of 106 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis receiving first-line OAT therapy at Bhina Bhakti Husada Rembang Hospital. The variables included patient characteristics, treatment patterns, types of OAT side effects, and severity of adverse drug reactions. Data were analyzed using univariate descriptive analysis.

Results and Discussion: Most patients were aged 41-60 years (43.4%), male (64.2%), had a body weight of 30-49 kg (61.3%), and underwent treatment for 1-3 months (42.5%). The most common regimen was category 1 RHZE 2 FDC (39.6%). The most frequent side effects were reddish urine (100.0%), nausea and vomiting (83.0%), and flu syndrome (70.8%). Most side effects were categorized as moderate (56.6%).

Implications: The findings emphasize the importance of routine monitoring and early management of OAT side effects, particularly during the early treatment phase. Further studies are needed to examine risk factors associated with severe adverse reactions and their impact on treatment adherence.

Antibacterial Activity of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of a Vicious Combination of Glass and Binahong Against Gram-Negative and Gram-Positive Bacteria Causing Diabetic Ulcers

Mitra Amalia, Tiara Dini Harlita, Ganea Qorry Aina — Sun, 12 Apr 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of the ethyl acetate fraction combination of Strobilanthes crispa and Anredera cordifolia leaves against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria causing diabetic ulcers, namely Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It was hypothesized that the 1:1 combination at 75% concentration would inhibit bacterial growth due to its secondary metabolite content.

Research Method: This true experimental study used a one-factor Completely Randomized Design. Antibacterial testing was conducted in vitro using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton Agar with a 1:1 combination at 75% concentration, Ciprofloxacin 5 μg as a positive control, and sterile aquadest as a negative control. Data were analyzed using Shapiro-Wilk, One-way ANOVA, and Duncan Multiple Range Test. Phytochemical screening was also performed.

Results and Discussion: The combination extract showed mean inhibition zones of 10.7 mm against S. aureus, 8.8 mm against K. pneumoniae, and 8.1 mm against P. aeruginosa. The inhibition response was strong against S. aureus and moderate against the two Gram-negative bacteria. Phytochemical screening identified flavonoids, steroids, and tannins in the combination extract.

Implications: The findings indicate that the extract combination has potential as a natural antibacterial candidate against diabetic ulcer pathogens, although its effectiveness remains below that of Ciprofloxacin. Further in vivo toxicity studies and quantitative phytochemical analyses are needed.

The Relationship Between the Level of Anxiety of Postpartum Mothers and Breastfeeding at The Srikandi Husada Clinic, Bae District, Kudus Regency In 2025

Meylani Kusuma Dewi, Diah Andriani Kusumastuti, Ika Tristanti — Sat, 28 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the relationship between the anxiety level of postpartum mothers and breastfeeding practices at Srikandi Husada Clinic, Bae District, Kudus Regency, in 2025. It was hypothesized that higher maternal anxiety would be associated with less optimal breastfeeding practices.

Research Method: This study used a quantitative analytical design with a cross-sectional approach. The sample consisted of 32 postpartum mothers selected from postpartum visits at Srikandi Husada Clinic. Anxiety level was measured using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS-A), while breastfeeding practice was assessed using a structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis and Fisher’s Exact Test.

Results and Discussion: Most respondents experienced mild anxiety (40.6%), followed by moderate anxiety (31.3%). In terms of breastfeeding, 53.1% of mothers practiced predominant breastfeeding, 37.5% partial breastfeeding, and 9.4% did not breastfeed. Bivariate analysis showed a significant relationship between postpartum maternal anxiety and breastfeeding practice (p < 0.001). Higher anxiety levels were associated with a lower tendency to provide optimal breastfeeding.

Implications: These findings highlight the importance of maternal psychological support during the postpartum period to improve breastfeeding outcomes. Further studies are recommended to explore additional psychosocial and family-related factors influencing breastfeeding success.

The Relationship Between Husband Support and Pregnant Women's Interest in The Use of Postpartum Contraceptives at The Kaliori Health Center, Rembang Regency

Umi Arimbi Afi Apriliony, Noor Hidayah, Rusnoto Rusnoto — Sat, 28 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the relationship between husband support and pregnant women’s interest in using postpartum contraceptives at Kaliori Health Center, Rembang Regency. It was hypothesized that positive husband support would be associated with higher maternal interest in postpartum contraceptive use.

Research Method: This study used a quantitative analytical design with a cross-sectional approach. Data were collected from pregnant women at Kaliori Health Center using questionnaires and analyzed through univariate and bivariate methods. The bivariate analysis was performed to identify the relationship between husband support and maternal interest in postpartum contraception.

Results and Discussion: The results showed that 66 respondents (55.0%) received positive support from their husbands, while 54 respondents (45.0%) received negative support. Positive interest in postpartum contraceptive use was reported by 61 respondents (50.8%), while 59 (49.2%) had negative interest. Most pregnant women who received positive husband support also showed positive interest in postpartum contraception. Statistical analysis showed a significant relationship between husband support and maternal interest (p = 0.000; p < 0.05).

Implications: These findings indicate that husband involvement plays an important role in encouraging maternal readiness to use postpartum contraception. Strengthening couple-based counseling and reproductive health education is recommended to improve postpartum family planning participation.

Evaluation of The Use of Antituberculosis Drugs in Hiv (Aids) Patients at X Hospital in Kudus

Elsa Latifatul Luthfi, Endang Setyowati, Intan Adevia Rosnarita — Sat, 28 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the use of antituberculosis drugs (OAT) in HIV/AIDS patients with tuberculosis coinfection at X Hospital in Kudus by identifying patient characteristics, patterns of OAT and antiretroviral (ARV) use, and the rationality of OAT therapy using the Gyssens method.

Research Method: This study used a descriptive evaluative design with a retrospective approach based on medical record data. The sample consisted of 41 HIV/AIDS patients with TB coinfection treated at X Hospital in Kudus during November 2024-November 2025, selected using total sampling. Data were analyzed univariately, while therapeutic rationality was assessed using the Gyssens method.

Results and Discussion: Most patients were adults (92.7%) and male (82.9%). The most common OAT regimen was RHZE (4FDC) (70.7%), while the dominant ARV regimen was TLD (95.1%). All OATs were administered orally as tablets, and the duration of therapy was appropriate in all cases. The Gyssens evaluation showed rational OAT use in 95.1% of patients and irrational use in 4.9%, with inappropriate dosage as the main problem.

Implications: These findings indicate that OAT prescribing practices were generally consistent with treatment guidelines, but body-weight-based dose adjustment still requires improvement. Further studies should explore the relationship between rational therapy, adherence, and clinical outcomes in TB-HIV patients.

The Relationship of Knowledge with The Practice of Postpartum Gymnastics in Postpartum Mothers in PMB Rahmawati Welahan Jepara

Ainia Fatimatuzzahro’, Irawati Indrianingrum, Ana Zumrotun Nisak — Sat, 28 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the relationship between knowledge and the practice of postpartum gymnastics among postpartum mothers at PMB Rahmawati Welahan Jepara. It was hypothesized that greater maternal knowledge would be associated with more frequent postpartum gymnastics practice.

Research Method: This study used a quantitative analytical design with a pre-experimental one-group pretest-posttest approach. The sample consisted of 30 postpartum mothers selected using accidental sampling. Data were collected using a multiple-choice questionnaire to measure knowledge and a Likert-scale questionnaire to assess postpartum gymnastics practice. Univariate analysis was used to describe respondent characteristics and variable distributions, while bivariate analysis used Somers'd test.

Results and Discussion: Before education, most respondents had poor knowledge (76.7%), but after education, most had good knowledge (83.3%). In practice, 76.7% of mothers performed postpartum gymnastics in the good category. Statistical analysis showed a significant positive relationship between knowledge and practice (p = 0.020; r = 0.696), indicating that mothers with better knowledge tended to practice postpartum gymnastics more appropriately.

Implications: These findings highlight the importance of structured, continuous health education to improve maternal knowledge and support healthy postpartum recovery behaviors. Further studies should explore other influencing factors such as family support, motivation, and cultural beliefs.

Determinants of Factors Influencing Low Birth Weight (BBLR) on The Growth of Babies Aged 1-6 Months

Aisya Ratna Billa Dhayundra Putri Rajjat, Noor Azizah, Ummi Kulsum — Sat, 28 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Purpose: This study examined whether maternal characteristics and pregnancy complications associated with low birth weight influence the growth of infants aged 1–6 months in the Kaliwungu Health Center working area, Kudus Regency. The study hypothesized that selected maternal and pregnancy-related determinants would be associated with infant growth outcomes.

Research Method: A quantitative observational study with a retrospective cohort approach was conducted among 38 infants aged 1–6 months with a history of low birth weight. Total sampling was applied. Data were obtained from medical records and observation sheets covering maternal age, education, occupation, parity, gestational age, anemia, chronic energy deficiency, preeclampsia, anxiety, and infant growth based on body weight. Data were analyzed using univariate statistics and Fisher’s Exact Test.

Results and Discussion: Most infants showed normal growth (76.3%), while 23.7% were classified as malnourished. No significant association was found between infant growth and maternal age (p=0.312), education (p=1.000), occupation (p=0.242), parity (p=0.436), gestational age (p=0.126), anemia (p=1.000), chronic energy deficiency (p=1.000), preeclampsia (p=0.613), or anxiety (p=1.000). Although growth variation was observed, many low birth weight infants demonstrated adequate early growth.

Implications: These findings emphasize the need for continuous pregnancy prevention strategies, early risk detection, and routine growth monitoring for low birth weight infants. Further studies with larger samples are needed to identify longer-term determinants of postnatal growth.

The Relationship between Stress Level and the Incidence of Gastritis in Final Year Pharmacy Students at the University of Muhammadiyah Kudus

Nurul Shintya Dhevi, Endang Setyowati, Ulviani Yulia Husna — Sat, 28 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between stress level and the incidence of gastritis among final-year Pharmacy students at the University of Muhammadiyah Kudus. It was hypothesized that higher stress levels would be associated with a greater incidence of gastritis.

Research Method: This study employed a quantitative observational, cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 103 seventh-semester Pharmacy students selected through purposive sampling. Stress level was measured using the Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10), while gastritis incidence was identified using a validated gastritis symptom questionnaire. Data were analyzed using univariate analysis and the Mann-Whitney test.

Results and Discussion: Most respondents were 21 years old (63.1%), female (86.4%), and had no prior disease history (38.8%), although a history of stomach acid was common (32.0%). The majority experienced moderate stress (72.8%), and 20.4% experienced gastritis. Statistical analysis showed a significant relationship between stress level and gastritis incidence (p = 0.001), indicating that increasing stress level was associated with a higher risk of gastritis.

Implications: These findings emphasize the importance of stress management and the promotion of digestive health among university students. Further research should include additional risk factors such as diet, sleep quality, and medication use.

The Effect of Relaxation Therapy, Benson and Murotal Al-Qur'an Surah Ar Rahman, on the Sleep Quality of Hypertensive Patients in The Kaliwungu Kudus Health Center Area

Lu'lu'atul Isna Faridah, Sukarmin Sukarmin, Sri Siska Mardiana — Sat, 28 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the effect of combining Benson relaxation therapy with the recitation of Surah Ar-Rahman of the Qur'an on sleep quality in hypertensive patients.

Research Method: This study uses a quasi-experimental design with a control group approach. A total of 40 respondents were divided into two groups: the intervention group, which received a combination of Benson relaxation therapy and Surah Ar-Rahman murottal, and the control group, which received no treatment. Respondents' sleep quality was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) instrument.

Results and Discussion: The results showed a significant improvement in sleep quality in the intervention group after therapy, while the control group showed no significant change. Statistical analysis yielded a p-value of 0.000 (p < 0.05), indicating that the combination of Benson's relaxation therapy and recitation of Surah Ar-Rahman from the Qur'an significantly improved sleep quality in hypertensive patients. These findings suggest that the combination of therapies can serve as a safe, easy-to-apply, non-pharmacological intervention to improve sleep quality in hypertensive patients.

Implications: The practical implication of these findings is that healthcare professionals can incorporate Benson therapy and the recitation of Surah Ar-Rahman as a non-pharmacological intervention in the management of hypertension. This method is easy to implement both in healthcare facilities and independently at home, thereby helping to improve sleep quality, reduce stress, and support patients’ blood pressure control.

The Relationship Between Mental Health, Self-Confidence, and Self-Control with Fatherless in Grade IX Students

Berlian Hakim Arief, Rusnoto Rusnoto, Anny Rosiana Masithoh — Sat, 28 Feb 2026 00:00:00 +0700

Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the relationship between mental health, self-confidence, and self-control with fatherlessness among grade IX students at SMP Negeri 4 Bae Kudus. The hypothesis proposed that poorer mental health, lower self-confidence, and weaker self-control are significantly associated with higher fatherlessness.

Research Method: This research used an analytical observational design with a cross-sectional approach. The population consisted of 212 grade IX students, and 139 respondents were selected using Slovin’s formula with proportional random sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, including the MHC-SF, self-confidence scale, self-control scale, and Father Presence Questionnaire, then analyzed using univariate and Chi-Square tests.

Results and Discussion: The findings showed significant relationships between mental health and fatherlessness (p=0.000), self-confidence and fatherlessness (p=0.000), and self-control and fatherlessness (p=0.003). These results indicate that lower paternal involvement is associated with poorer psychological well-being, reduced confidence, and weaker self-regulation among adolescents.

Implications: The findings highlight the importance of fathers’ emotional presence in adolescent development and suggest strengthening family-based interventions and school counseling support, as well as further research on paternal involvement and adolescent well-being.