Main Article Content
Abstract
Purpose: This study explores advancements in Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), focusing on how AI and VR technologies can enhance long-term emotional engagement, cultural inclusivity, and accessibility. The research seeks to fill gaps in understanding HCI's emotional and social dimensions by addressing how these technologies affect users' cognitive and emotional well-being over time.
Research Design and Methodology: The study uses a qualitative systematic literature review to analyze critical academic and industry research on AI, VR, and HCI. Through a thematic analysis, it identifies trends and challenges in designing more inclusive, emotionally responsive, and culturally adaptive systems.
Findings and Discussion: The study reveals that while AI and VR technologies improve user engagement, there are significant gaps in cultural inclusivity and emotional responsiveness, especially for users with disabilities. It also proposes theoretical models integrating emotional and cultural factors into HCI design, enabling adaptive and personalized user experiences.
Implications: This research shows the need for HCI technologies to prioritize emotional engagement and inclusivity. Practically, these findings can guide the development of more adaptive AI and VR systems that cater to diverse user needs, offering better accessibility and user satisfaction. Future research should explore empirical applications of these theoretical models in specific industries, such as healthcare and education.
Keywords
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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- Baranyi, P., Csapo, A., & Sallai, G. (2015). Cognitive infocommunications (coginfocom). Springer.
- Beer, P., & Mulder, R. H. (2020). The effects of technological developments on work and their implications for continuous vocational education and training: A systematic review. Frontiers in Psychology, 11(May). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00918
- Diederich, S., Brendel, A. B., Morana, S., Diederich, S., Brendel, A. B., Morana, S., & Kolbe, L. (2022). On the Design of and Interaction with Conversational Agents : An Organizing and Assessing Review of Human-Computer Interaction Research On the Design of and Interaction with Conversational Agents : An Organizing and Assessing Review of Human-Computer Interaction Research. 23(1), 96–138. https://doi.org/10.17705/1jais.00724
- Doshi-velez, F., & Kim, B. (2017). Towards A Rigorous Science of Interpretable Machine Learning. Ml, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1702.08608
- Ejaz, A., Rahim, M., & Khoja, S. A. (2019). The Effect of Cognitive Load on Gesture Acceptability of Older Adults in Mobile Application. 2019 IEEE 10th Annual Ubiquitous Computing, Electronics & Mobile Communication Conference (UEMCON), 979–986. https://doi.org/10.1109/UEMCON47517.2019.8992970
- Fitrianto, I., & Saif, A. (2024). The Role of Virtual Reality in Enhancing Experiential Learning : A Comparative Study of Traditional and Immersive Learning Environments. 2(2), 97–110. https://doi.org/10.59944/postaxial.v2i2.300
- Grubert, J., Langlotz, T., Zollmann, S., & Regenbrecht, H. (2017). Towards Pervasive Augmented Reality: Context-Awareness in Augmented Reality. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 23(6), 1706–1724. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2016.2543720
- Gunning, D., Stefik, M., Choi, J., Miller, T., Stumpf, S., & Yang, G.-Z. (2019). XAI—Explainable artificial intelligence. Science Robotics, 4(37), eaay7120. https://doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.aay7120
- Guzmán García, C. (2021). Understanding the role of nontechnical skills in minimally invasive surgery and their integration in technology enhanced learning environments. Telecomunicacion. https://doi.org/10.20868/UPM.thesis.69221.
- Heroux, M., Bernholdt, D., McInnes, L. C., Cary, J., Katz, D., Raybourn, E., & Rouson, D. (2023). Basic Research Needs in The Science of Scientific Software Development and Use: Investment in Software is Investment in Science. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1846009/
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- Katona, J. (2021). applied sciences A Review of Human – Computer Interaction and Virtual Reality Research Fields in Cognitive InfoCommunications. https://doi.org/10.3390/APP11062646
- Kozyreva, A., Lewandowsky, S., & Hertwig, R. (2020). Citizens Versus the Internet : Confronting Digital Challenges With Cognitive Tools. https://doi.org/10.1177/1529100620946707
- Liang, C. A., Munson, S. A., & Kientz, J. A. (2021). Embracing Four Tensions in Human-Computer Interaction Research with Marginalized People. 28(2). https://doi.org/10.1145/3443686
- Lidwell, W., Holden, K., & Butler, J. (2010). Universal principles of design, revised and updated: 125 ways to enhance usability, influence perception, increase appeal, make better design decisions, and teach through design. Rockport Pub.
- Lindner, P. (2021). Better, Virtually: the Past, Present, and Future of Virtual Reality Cognitive Behavior Therapy. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 14(1), 23–46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41811-020-00090-7
- Mirza, A. U. (2024). Exploring the Frontiers of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Technologies. In Exploring the Frontiers of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Technologies (Issue April). https://doi.org/10.59646/efaimlt/133
- Molnar, C. (2020). Interpretable machine learning. Lulu. com.
- Montana, J. I., Matamala-gomez, M., Maisto, M., Mavrodiev, P. A., Cavalera, C. M., Diana, B., Mantovani, F., & Realdon, O. (2020). The benefits of emotion regulation interventions in virtual reality for the improvement of wellbeing in adults and older adults: A systematic review. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9020500
- Morgado-Ramirez, D. Z., Barbareschi, G., Kate Donovan-hall, M., Sobuh, M., Elayyan, N., Nakandi, B. T., Tamale Ssekitoleko, R., Olenja, J., Nyachomba Magomere, G., & Daymond, S. (2020). Disability design and innovation in computing research in low resource settings. Proceedings of the 22nd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1145/3373625.3417301
- Müller, R., Schischke, D., Graf, B., & Antoni, C. H. (2023). How can we avoid information overload and techno-frustration as a virtual team? The effect of shared mental models of information and communication technology on information overload and techno-frustration. Computers in Human Behavior, 138, 107438. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2022.107438
- Nazar, M., Alam, M. M., Yafi, E., & Su’ud, M. M. (2021). A Systematic Review of Human–Computer Interaction and Explainable Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare With Artificial Intelligence Techniques. IEEE Access, 9, 153316–153348. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3127881
- Norman, D. (2007). Emotional design: Why we love (or hate) everyday things. Basic books.
- Ntoa, S., Margetis, G., Antona, M., & Stephanidis, C. (2023). Digital Accessibility in Intelligent Environments BT - Human-Automation Interaction: Manufacturing, Services and User Experience (V. G. Duffy, M. Lehto, Y. Yih, & R. W. Proctor (eds.); pp. 453–475). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10780-1_25
- O’Brien, H. L., Roll, I., Kampen, A., & Davoudi, N. (2022). Rethinking (Dis)engagement in human-computer interaction. Computers in Human Behavior, 128, 107109. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2021.107109
- Or, C. K., Holden, R. J., & Valdez, R. S. (2023). Human Factors Engineering and User-Centered Design for Mobile Health Technology: Enhancing Effectiveness, Efficiency, and Satisfaction BT - Human-Automation Interaction: Mobile Computing (V. G. Duffy, M. Ziefle, P.-L. P. Rau, & M. M. Tseng (eds.); pp. 97–118). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10788-7_6
- Owens, E., Sheehan, B., Mullins, M., Cunneen, M., & Ressel, J. (2022). Explainable Artificial Intelligence (Xai) in Insurance: A Systematic Review. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4088029
- Pang, C., Wang, Z. C., & McGrenere, J. (2021). Technology adoption and learning preferences for older adults: Evolving perceptions, ongoing challenges, and emerging design opportunities. Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445702
- Purificato, E., Lorenzo, F., Fallucchi, F., & De Luca, E. W. (2023). The Use of Responsible Artificial Intelligence Techniques in the Context of Loan Approval Processes. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 39(7), 1543–1562. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2022.2081284
- Rakkolainen, I., Farooq, A., Kangas, J., Hakulinen, J., Rantala, J., Turunen, M., & Raisamo, R. (2021). Technologies for multimodal interaction in extended Reality—a scoping review. Multimodal Technologies and Interaction, 5(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/mti5120081
- Sarma, D., & Bhuyan, M. K. (2021). Methods, Databases and Recent Advancement of Vision-Based Hand Gesture Recognition for HCI Systems: A Review. SN Computer Science, 2(6), 436. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-021-00827-x
- Schuetz , S . W . and Venkatesh, V. . (2020). The Rise of Human Machines : How Cognitive Computing Systems Challenge Assumptions of User-System. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 460–482. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3680306
- Shank, D. B., Graves, C., Gott, A., Gamez, P., & Rodriguez, S. (2019). Feeling our way to machine minds: People’s emotions when perceiving mind in artificial intelligence. Computers in Human Behavior, 98, 256–266. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.04.001
- Stephanidis, C., Salvendy, G., Antona, M., Chen, J. Y. C., Dong, J., Duffy, V. G., Fang, X., Fidopiastis, C., Fragomeni, G., Fu, L. P., Guo, Y., Harris, D., Ioannou, A., Jeong, K. (Kate), Konomi, S., Krömker, H., Kurosu, M., Lewis, J. R., Marcus, A., Meiselwitz, G., Moallem, A., Mori, H., Fui-Hoon Nah, F., Ntoa, S., Rau, P.-L. P., Schmorrow, D., Siau, K., Streitz, N., Wang, W., Yamamoto, S., Zaphiris, P., & Zhou, J. (2019). Seven HCI Grand Challenges. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 35(14), 1229–1269. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2019.1619259
- Sun, H. (2012). Cross-cultural technology design: Creating culture-sensitive technology for local users. OUP USA.
- Tao, L. (2024). HUMAN – COMPUTER INTERACTION IN VIRTUAL REALITY Інформатизація вищої освіти The main research materials. 112–117. https://doi.org/10.32347/2412-9933.2024.57.112-117
- Tulshan, A. S., & Dhage, S. N. (2019). Survey on Virtual Assistant: Google Assistant, Siri, Cortana, Alexa BT - Advances in Signal Processing and Intelligent Recognition Systems (S. M. Thampi, O. Marques, S. Krishnan, K.-C. Li, D. Ciuonzo, & M. H. Kolekar (eds.); pp. 190–201). Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-5758-9_17
- Wang, D., Guo, Y., Liu, S., Zhang, Y., Xu, W., & Xiao, J. (2019). Haptic display for virtual reality: progress and challenges. Virtual Reality & Intelligent Hardware, 1(2), 136–162. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.2096-5796.2019.0008
- Wilhelm, A. G. (2006). Digital nation: Toward an inclusive information society. mit Press.
- Zulfiqar, F., Raza, R., Khan, M. O., Arif, M., Alvi, A., & Alam, T. (2023). Augmented Reality and its Applications in Education: A Systematic Survey. IEEE Access, 11, 143250–143271. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3331218
References
Azofeifa, J. D., Noguez, J., Ruiz, S., Molina-Espinosa, J. M., Magana, A. J., & Benes, B. (2022). Systematic review of multimodal human–computer interaction. Informatics, 9(1), 13. https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics9010013
Bag, S., Srivastava, G., Bashir, M. M. Al, Kumari, S., Giannakis, M., & Chowdhury, A. H. (2022). Journey of customers in this digital era: Understanding the role of artificial intelligence technologies in user engagement and conversion. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 29(7), 2074–2098. https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-07-2021-0415
Bailey, D. E., Faraj, S., Hinds, P. J., Leonardi, P. M., & von Krogh, G. (2022). We are all theorists of technology now: A relational perspective on emerging technology and organizing. Organization Science, 33(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2021.1562
Baranyi, P., Csapo, A., & Sallai, G. (2015). Cognitive infocommunications (coginfocom). Springer.
Beer, P., & Mulder, R. H. (2020). The effects of technological developments on work and their implications for continuous vocational education and training: A systematic review. Frontiers in Psychology, 11(May). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00918
Diederich, S., Brendel, A. B., Morana, S., Diederich, S., Brendel, A. B., Morana, S., & Kolbe, L. (2022). On the Design of and Interaction with Conversational Agents : An Organizing and Assessing Review of Human-Computer Interaction Research On the Design of and Interaction with Conversational Agents : An Organizing and Assessing Review of Human-Computer Interaction Research. 23(1), 96–138. https://doi.org/10.17705/1jais.00724
Doshi-velez, F., & Kim, B. (2017). Towards A Rigorous Science of Interpretable Machine Learning. Ml, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1702.08608
Ejaz, A., Rahim, M., & Khoja, S. A. (2019). The Effect of Cognitive Load on Gesture Acceptability of Older Adults in Mobile Application. 2019 IEEE 10th Annual Ubiquitous Computing, Electronics & Mobile Communication Conference (UEMCON), 979–986. https://doi.org/10.1109/UEMCON47517.2019.8992970
Fitrianto, I., & Saif, A. (2024). The Role of Virtual Reality in Enhancing Experiential Learning : A Comparative Study of Traditional and Immersive Learning Environments. 2(2), 97–110. https://doi.org/10.59944/postaxial.v2i2.300
Grubert, J., Langlotz, T., Zollmann, S., & Regenbrecht, H. (2017). Towards Pervasive Augmented Reality: Context-Awareness in Augmented Reality. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 23(6), 1706–1724. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2016.2543720
Gunning, D., Stefik, M., Choi, J., Miller, T., Stumpf, S., & Yang, G.-Z. (2019). XAI—Explainable artificial intelligence. Science Robotics, 4(37), eaay7120. https://doi.org/10.1126/scirobotics.aay7120
Guzmán García, C. (2021). Understanding the role of nontechnical skills in minimally invasive surgery and their integration in technology enhanced learning environments. Telecomunicacion. https://doi.org/10.20868/UPM.thesis.69221.
Heroux, M., Bernholdt, D., McInnes, L. C., Cary, J., Katz, D., Raybourn, E., & Rouson, D. (2023). Basic Research Needs in The Science of Scientific Software Development and Use: Investment in Software is Investment in Science. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1846009/
Hu, H., Feng, X., Shao, Z., Xie, M., Xu, S., Wu, X., & Ye, Z. (2019). Application and Prospect of Mixed Reality Technology in Medical Field. Current Medical Science, 39(1), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11596-019-1992-8
Hulsen, T. (2023). Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI): Concepts and Challenges in Healthcare. AI (Switzerland), 4(3), 652–666. https://doi.org/10.3390/ai4030034
Iskandar, A., Winata, W., Kurdi, M. S., Sitompul, P. H. S., Kurdi, M. S., Nurhayati, S., Hasanah, M., & Haluti, F. (2023). Peran Teknologi Dalam Dunia Pendidikan. Yayasan Cendekiawan Inovasi Digital Indonesia.
Javaid, A., Rasool, S., & Maqsood, A. (2024). Analysis of Visual and Vestibular Information on Motion Sickness in Flight Simulation. Aerospace, 11(2), 1–22. https://doi.org/10.3390/aerospace11020139
Johnson, J. (2020). Designing with the mind in mind: simple guide to understanding user interface design guidelines. Morgan Kaufmann.
Jung, H.-T., Park, T., MAhyar, N., Park, S., Ryu, T., Kim, Y., & Lee, S. I. (2020). Rehabilitation games in real-world clinical settings: Practices, challenges, and opportunities. ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction (TOCHI), 27(6), 1–43. https://doi.org/10.1145/3418197
Katona, J. (2021). applied sciences A Review of Human – Computer Interaction and Virtual Reality Research Fields in Cognitive InfoCommunications. https://doi.org/10.3390/APP11062646
Kozyreva, A., Lewandowsky, S., & Hertwig, R. (2020). Citizens Versus the Internet : Confronting Digital Challenges With Cognitive Tools. https://doi.org/10.1177/1529100620946707
Liang, C. A., Munson, S. A., & Kientz, J. A. (2021). Embracing Four Tensions in Human-Computer Interaction Research with Marginalized People. 28(2). https://doi.org/10.1145/3443686
Lidwell, W., Holden, K., & Butler, J. (2010). Universal principles of design, revised and updated: 125 ways to enhance usability, influence perception, increase appeal, make better design decisions, and teach through design. Rockport Pub.
Lindner, P. (2021). Better, Virtually: the Past, Present, and Future of Virtual Reality Cognitive Behavior Therapy. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 14(1), 23–46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41811-020-00090-7
Mirza, A. U. (2024). Exploring the Frontiers of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Technologies. In Exploring the Frontiers of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Technologies (Issue April). https://doi.org/10.59646/efaimlt/133
Molnar, C. (2020). Interpretable machine learning. Lulu. com.
Montana, J. I., Matamala-gomez, M., Maisto, M., Mavrodiev, P. A., Cavalera, C. M., Diana, B., Mantovani, F., & Realdon, O. (2020). The benefits of emotion regulation interventions in virtual reality for the improvement of wellbeing in adults and older adults: A systematic review. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm9020500
Morgado-Ramirez, D. Z., Barbareschi, G., Kate Donovan-hall, M., Sobuh, M., Elayyan, N., Nakandi, B. T., Tamale Ssekitoleko, R., Olenja, J., Nyachomba Magomere, G., & Daymond, S. (2020). Disability design and innovation in computing research in low resource settings. Proceedings of the 22nd International ACM SIGACCESS Conference on Computers and Accessibility, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1145/3373625.3417301
Müller, R., Schischke, D., Graf, B., & Antoni, C. H. (2023). How can we avoid information overload and techno-frustration as a virtual team? The effect of shared mental models of information and communication technology on information overload and techno-frustration. Computers in Human Behavior, 138, 107438. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2022.107438
Nazar, M., Alam, M. M., Yafi, E., & Su’ud, M. M. (2021). A Systematic Review of Human–Computer Interaction and Explainable Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare With Artificial Intelligence Techniques. IEEE Access, 9, 153316–153348. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2021.3127881
Norman, D. (2007). Emotional design: Why we love (or hate) everyday things. Basic books.
Ntoa, S., Margetis, G., Antona, M., & Stephanidis, C. (2023). Digital Accessibility in Intelligent Environments BT - Human-Automation Interaction: Manufacturing, Services and User Experience (V. G. Duffy, M. Lehto, Y. Yih, & R. W. Proctor (eds.); pp. 453–475). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10780-1_25
O’Brien, H. L., Roll, I., Kampen, A., & Davoudi, N. (2022). Rethinking (Dis)engagement in human-computer interaction. Computers in Human Behavior, 128, 107109. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2021.107109
Or, C. K., Holden, R. J., & Valdez, R. S. (2023). Human Factors Engineering and User-Centered Design for Mobile Health Technology: Enhancing Effectiveness, Efficiency, and Satisfaction BT - Human-Automation Interaction: Mobile Computing (V. G. Duffy, M. Ziefle, P.-L. P. Rau, & M. M. Tseng (eds.); pp. 97–118). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10788-7_6
Owens, E., Sheehan, B., Mullins, M., Cunneen, M., & Ressel, J. (2022). Explainable Artificial Intelligence (Xai) in Insurance: A Systematic Review. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4088029
Pang, C., Wang, Z. C., & McGrenere, J. (2021). Technology adoption and learning preferences for older adults: Evolving perceptions, ongoing challenges, and emerging design opportunities. Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems - Proceedings. https://doi.org/10.1145/3411764.3445702
Purificato, E., Lorenzo, F., Fallucchi, F., & De Luca, E. W. (2023). The Use of Responsible Artificial Intelligence Techniques in the Context of Loan Approval Processes. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 39(7), 1543–1562. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2022.2081284
Rakkolainen, I., Farooq, A., Kangas, J., Hakulinen, J., Rantala, J., Turunen, M., & Raisamo, R. (2021). Technologies for multimodal interaction in extended Reality—a scoping review. Multimodal Technologies and Interaction, 5(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/mti5120081
Sarma, D., & Bhuyan, M. K. (2021). Methods, Databases and Recent Advancement of Vision-Based Hand Gesture Recognition for HCI Systems: A Review. SN Computer Science, 2(6), 436. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42979-021-00827-x
Schuetz , S . W . and Venkatesh, V. . (2020). The Rise of Human Machines : How Cognitive Computing Systems Challenge Assumptions of User-System. Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 460–482. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3680306
Shank, D. B., Graves, C., Gott, A., Gamez, P., & Rodriguez, S. (2019). Feeling our way to machine minds: People’s emotions when perceiving mind in artificial intelligence. Computers in Human Behavior, 98, 256–266. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.04.001
Stephanidis, C., Salvendy, G., Antona, M., Chen, J. Y. C., Dong, J., Duffy, V. G., Fang, X., Fidopiastis, C., Fragomeni, G., Fu, L. P., Guo, Y., Harris, D., Ioannou, A., Jeong, K. (Kate), Konomi, S., Krömker, H., Kurosu, M., Lewis, J. R., Marcus, A., Meiselwitz, G., Moallem, A., Mori, H., Fui-Hoon Nah, F., Ntoa, S., Rau, P.-L. P., Schmorrow, D., Siau, K., Streitz, N., Wang, W., Yamamoto, S., Zaphiris, P., & Zhou, J. (2019). Seven HCI Grand Challenges. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 35(14), 1229–1269. https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2019.1619259
Sun, H. (2012). Cross-cultural technology design: Creating culture-sensitive technology for local users. OUP USA.
Tao, L. (2024). HUMAN – COMPUTER INTERACTION IN VIRTUAL REALITY Інформатизація вищої освіти The main research materials. 112–117. https://doi.org/10.32347/2412-9933.2024.57.112-117
Tulshan, A. S., & Dhage, S. N. (2019). Survey on Virtual Assistant: Google Assistant, Siri, Cortana, Alexa BT - Advances in Signal Processing and Intelligent Recognition Systems (S. M. Thampi, O. Marques, S. Krishnan, K.-C. Li, D. Ciuonzo, & M. H. Kolekar (eds.); pp. 190–201). Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-5758-9_17
Wang, D., Guo, Y., Liu, S., Zhang, Y., Xu, W., & Xiao, J. (2019). Haptic display for virtual reality: progress and challenges. Virtual Reality & Intelligent Hardware, 1(2), 136–162. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3724/SP.J.2096-5796.2019.0008
Wilhelm, A. G. (2006). Digital nation: Toward an inclusive information society. mit Press.
Zulfiqar, F., Raza, R., Khan, M. O., Arif, M., Alvi, A., & Alam, T. (2023). Augmented Reality and its Applications in Education: A Systematic Survey. IEEE Access, 11, 143250–143271. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3331218