Main Article Content
Abstract
Purpose: This research explores the internal audit's multifaceted role in maintaining corporate governance standards, focusing on internal audit's contribution to organizational transparency, accountability, and integrity.
Research Design and Methodology: This research uses a comprehensive literature review approach, systematically identifying and synthesizing scholarly works, theoretical frameworks, and empirical studies related to internal audit and corporate governance.
Findings and Discussion: The results emphasize the importance of the internal audit function in improving organizational transparency, accountability, and integrity through independent assessment of internal control systems, risk management, and regulatory compliance.
Implications: This research's implication is to provide practical guidance for organizations in improving governance and risk management. It emphasizes the importance of investing in internal audit, establishing a culture of transparency and accountability, and adopting innovative technologies such as artificial intelligence and machine learning in the audit process.
Keywords
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
- Ahmad, N., et al. (2021). Resource constraints and the performance of internal audit function. Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance, 29(4), 461-480. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFRC-03-2021-0039
- Alzeban, A., & Gwilliam, D. (2014). Internal audit in Saudi Arabian corporate sector. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, 23(2), 74-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2014.06.004
- Arena, M., et al. (2021). Internal audit and organizational innovation: Empirical evidence from Italian listed companies. Journal of Applied Accounting Research, 22(6), 1182-1201. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAAR-06-2020-0105
- Arens, A. A., et al. (2012). Auditing and Assurance Services (15th ed.). Prentice Hall.
- Bedard, J., & Gendron, Y. (2010). Strengthening the financial reporting system: Can audit committees deliver? International Journal of Auditing, 14(2), 174-210. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1099-1123.2010.00425.x
- Bozec, Y., et al. (2017). The role of internal audit in firm performance optimization: Evidence from French firms. International Journal of Auditing, 21(1), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijau.12086
- Bui, B., et al. (2021). Internal audit quality and organizational performance: Evidence from European listed companies. International Journal of Auditing, 25(3), 575-597. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijau.12247
- Chan, K. H., et al. (2013). The effectiveness of internal audit function: Evidence from Hong Kong. Managerial Auditing Journal, 28(7), 640-670. https://doi.org/10.1108/MAJ-08-2012-0672
- Chen, H., & Wang, X. (2020). Regulatory challenges and internal audit effectiveness: Evidence from Chinese listed firms. Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society, 20(3), 523-542. https://doi.org/10.1108/CG-12-2019-0407
- Davis, J. H., Schoorman, F. D., & Donaldson, L. (1997). Toward a stewardship theory of management. Academy of Management Review, 22(1), 20-47. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1997.9707180258
- EY. (2020). Enhancing risk management through internal audit. EY Global Internal Audit Survey. https://www.ey.com/en_gl/assurance/ey-internal-audit
- Florin, A. (2018). Stakeholders' perception on internal audit effectiveness. Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change, 14(1), 60-77. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAOC-01-2017-0010
- Freeman, R. E. (1984). Strategic management: A stakeholder approach. Pitman.
- IAASB. (2022). International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board. https://www.iaasb.org/
- IIA. (2017). International Standards for the Professional Practice of Internal Auditing. The Institute of Internal Auditors.
- Ivan, L. (2012). The role of internal audit in corporate governance. Internal Auditing & Risk Management, 6(2), 13-22. https://doi.org/10.1108/IARM-08-2012-0012
- Janvrin, D. J., & Bierstaker, J. L. (2015). The relationship between internal audit and transparency in financial reporting. Journal of Information Systems, 29(2), 23-45. https://doi.org/10.2308/isys-50934
- Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W. H. (1976). Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3(4), 305-360. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405X(76)90026-X
- Johnson, S., et al. (2021). Stakeholder engagement and internal audit effectiveness: A qualitative study. Managerial Auditing Journal, 36(3), 378-401. https://doi.org/10.1108/MAJ-11-2019-2393
- KPMG. (2021). Data and analytics in internal audit. KPMG Global Internal Audit Survey. https://home.kpmg/xx/en/home/insights/2021/06/internal-audit-survey-data-analytics.html
- Lanza, A., & Rhoades-Catanach, S. (2017). Ethics and internal audit: Investigating the role of internal auditors in promoting ethical organizational culture. Journal of Business Ethics, 140(1), 111-127. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2705-x
- Lee, S., & Lee, C. (2021). Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors and internal audit: An exploratory study. Sustainability, 13(19), 11002. https://doi.org/10.3390/su131911002
- Leung, P., et al. (2014). Internal audit sourcing arrangement and internal audit effectiveness: An empirical investigation. International Journal of Auditing, 18(2), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijau.12017
- Li, L., et al. (2022). Internal audit and fraud detection: Evidence from Chinese listed firms. Journal of Forensic Accounting Research, 7(1), 141-160. https://doi.org/10.2308/jfar-53223
- Mihret, D. G., & Yismaw, A. W. (2007). Internal audit effectiveness: An Ethiopian public sector case study. Managerial Auditing Journal, 22(5), 470-484. https://doi.org/10.1108/02686900710744163
- Pickett, K. H., et al. (2012). Internal audit reliance and financial reporting quality. The Accounting Review, 87(3), 981-1010. https://doi.org/10.2308/accr-10206
- Salehi, M., et al. (2018). Internal audit and corporate governance: Evidence from Iran. International Journal of Auditing, 22(1), 52-64. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijau.12104
- Sharma, S., et al. (2020). Internal audit and corporate governance: A systematic literature review. Managerial Auditing Journal, 35(2), 234-259. https://doi.org/10.1108/MAJ-09-2019-2390
- Singleton, T. W., & Singleton, A. J. (2010). Fraud auditing and forensic accounting. John Wiley & Sons.
- Tabără, A. (2012). Internal audit in corporate governance. Management Dynamics in the Knowledge Economy, 1(1), 5-20. https://doi.org/10.2478/mdke-2013-0001
- Tan, L., et al. (2022). Leveraging technology for internal audit effectiveness: A qualitative study. Journal of Information Systems Applied Research, 15(1), 7-24. https://doi.org/10.17705/1jais.00732
- Vuþã, S. (2017). Internal auditing and risk management. Internal Audit, 6(3), 23-31. https://doi.org/10.1108/IA-10-2016-0089
- Wang, Y., & Liu, C. (2020). Internal audit independence and risk management effectiveness: Evidence from Chinese listed firms. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, 41, 100354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2020.100354
- Wang, Y., et al. (2021). Cybersecurity risk management and internal audit: Evidence from U.S. firms. International Journal of Auditing, 25(1), 58-78. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijau.12186
- Xiao, L., et al. (2021). Internal audit, stakeholder engagement, and corporate social responsibility: Evidence from U.S. firms. Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal, 12(7), 1432-1460. https://doi.org/10.1108/SAMPJ-02-2020-0046
- Zhang, L., & Fan, Y. (2019). Internal audit and corporate sustainability: A stakeholder perspective. Business Strategy and the Environment, 28(5), 824-838. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2340
- Zhang, W., et al. (2021). Internal audit size and financial reporting quality: Evidence from Chinese listed firms. Accounting Research Journal, 34(1), 30-46. https://doi.org/10.1108/ARJ-01-2021-0001
- Zhang, W., et al. (2021). Internal audit size and financial reporting quality: Evidence from Chinese listed firms. Accounting Research Journal, 34(1), 30-46. https://doi.org/10.1108/ARJ-01-2021-0001
References
Ahmad, N., et al. (2021). Resource constraints and the performance of internal audit function. Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance, 29(4), 461-480. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFRC-03-2021-0039
Alzeban, A., & Gwilliam, D. (2014). Internal audit in Saudi Arabian corporate sector. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, 23(2), 74-88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2014.06.004
Arena, M., et al. (2021). Internal audit and organizational innovation: Empirical evidence from Italian listed companies. Journal of Applied Accounting Research, 22(6), 1182-1201. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAAR-06-2020-0105
Arens, A. A., et al. (2012). Auditing and Assurance Services (15th ed.). Prentice Hall.
Bedard, J., & Gendron, Y. (2010). Strengthening the financial reporting system: Can audit committees deliver? International Journal of Auditing, 14(2), 174-210. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1099-1123.2010.00425.x
Bozec, Y., et al. (2017). The role of internal audit in firm performance optimization: Evidence from French firms. International Journal of Auditing, 21(1), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijau.12086
Bui, B., et al. (2021). Internal audit quality and organizational performance: Evidence from European listed companies. International Journal of Auditing, 25(3), 575-597. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijau.12247
Chan, K. H., et al. (2013). The effectiveness of internal audit function: Evidence from Hong Kong. Managerial Auditing Journal, 28(7), 640-670. https://doi.org/10.1108/MAJ-08-2012-0672
Chen, H., & Wang, X. (2020). Regulatory challenges and internal audit effectiveness: Evidence from Chinese listed firms. Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society, 20(3), 523-542. https://doi.org/10.1108/CG-12-2019-0407
Davis, J. H., Schoorman, F. D., & Donaldson, L. (1997). Toward a stewardship theory of management. Academy of Management Review, 22(1), 20-47. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1997.9707180258
EY. (2020). Enhancing risk management through internal audit. EY Global Internal Audit Survey. https://www.ey.com/en_gl/assurance/ey-internal-audit
Florin, A. (2018). Stakeholders' perception on internal audit effectiveness. Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change, 14(1), 60-77. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAOC-01-2017-0010
Freeman, R. E. (1984). Strategic management: A stakeholder approach. Pitman.
IAASB. (2022). International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board. https://www.iaasb.org/
IIA. (2017). International Standards for the Professional Practice of Internal Auditing. The Institute of Internal Auditors.
Ivan, L. (2012). The role of internal audit in corporate governance. Internal Auditing & Risk Management, 6(2), 13-22. https://doi.org/10.1108/IARM-08-2012-0012
Janvrin, D. J., & Bierstaker, J. L. (2015). The relationship between internal audit and transparency in financial reporting. Journal of Information Systems, 29(2), 23-45. https://doi.org/10.2308/isys-50934
Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W. H. (1976). Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure. Journal of Financial Economics, 3(4), 305-360. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-405X(76)90026-X
Johnson, S., et al. (2021). Stakeholder engagement and internal audit effectiveness: A qualitative study. Managerial Auditing Journal, 36(3), 378-401. https://doi.org/10.1108/MAJ-11-2019-2393
KPMG. (2021). Data and analytics in internal audit. KPMG Global Internal Audit Survey. https://home.kpmg/xx/en/home/insights/2021/06/internal-audit-survey-data-analytics.html
Lanza, A., & Rhoades-Catanach, S. (2017). Ethics and internal audit: Investigating the role of internal auditors in promoting ethical organizational culture. Journal of Business Ethics, 140(1), 111-127. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2705-x
Lee, S., & Lee, C. (2021). Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) factors and internal audit: An exploratory study. Sustainability, 13(19), 11002. https://doi.org/10.3390/su131911002
Leung, P., et al. (2014). Internal audit sourcing arrangement and internal audit effectiveness: An empirical investigation. International Journal of Auditing, 18(2), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijau.12017
Li, L., et al. (2022). Internal audit and fraud detection: Evidence from Chinese listed firms. Journal of Forensic Accounting Research, 7(1), 141-160. https://doi.org/10.2308/jfar-53223
Mihret, D. G., & Yismaw, A. W. (2007). Internal audit effectiveness: An Ethiopian public sector case study. Managerial Auditing Journal, 22(5), 470-484. https://doi.org/10.1108/02686900710744163
Pickett, K. H., et al. (2012). Internal audit reliance and financial reporting quality. The Accounting Review, 87(3), 981-1010. https://doi.org/10.2308/accr-10206
Salehi, M., et al. (2018). Internal audit and corporate governance: Evidence from Iran. International Journal of Auditing, 22(1), 52-64. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijau.12104
Sharma, S., et al. (2020). Internal audit and corporate governance: A systematic literature review. Managerial Auditing Journal, 35(2), 234-259. https://doi.org/10.1108/MAJ-09-2019-2390
Singleton, T. W., & Singleton, A. J. (2010). Fraud auditing and forensic accounting. John Wiley & Sons.
Tabără, A. (2012). Internal audit in corporate governance. Management Dynamics in the Knowledge Economy, 1(1), 5-20. https://doi.org/10.2478/mdke-2013-0001
Tan, L., et al. (2022). Leveraging technology for internal audit effectiveness: A qualitative study. Journal of Information Systems Applied Research, 15(1), 7-24. https://doi.org/10.17705/1jais.00732
Vuþã, S. (2017). Internal auditing and risk management. Internal Audit, 6(3), 23-31. https://doi.org/10.1108/IA-10-2016-0089
Wang, Y., & Liu, C. (2020). Internal audit independence and risk management effectiveness: Evidence from Chinese listed firms. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, 41, 100354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2020.100354
Wang, Y., et al. (2021). Cybersecurity risk management and internal audit: Evidence from U.S. firms. International Journal of Auditing, 25(1), 58-78. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijau.12186
Xiao, L., et al. (2021). Internal audit, stakeholder engagement, and corporate social responsibility: Evidence from U.S. firms. Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal, 12(7), 1432-1460. https://doi.org/10.1108/SAMPJ-02-2020-0046
Zhang, L., & Fan, Y. (2019). Internal audit and corporate sustainability: A stakeholder perspective. Business Strategy and the Environment, 28(5), 824-838. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2340
Zhang, W., et al. (2021). Internal audit size and financial reporting quality: Evidence from Chinese listed firms. Accounting Research Journal, 34(1), 30-46. https://doi.org/10.1108/ARJ-01-2021-0001
Zhang, W., et al. (2021). Internal audit size and financial reporting quality: Evidence from Chinese listed firms. Accounting Research Journal, 34(1), 30-46. https://doi.org/10.1108/ARJ-01-2021-0001