Main Article Content
Abstract
Purpose: This study analyzes the impact of audit fee reductions on audit quality and stakeholder trust, exploring the broader implications of constrained resources and their effects on corporate governance, financial reporting reliability, and stakeholder perceptions.
Research Design and Methodology: Employing a qualitative approach through a systematic literature review (SLR), this study synthesizes findings from recent academic research across diverse contexts. Theoretical frameworks, particularly agency theory, are integrated to comprehensively understand the relationship between audit fees, audit quality, and stakeholder trust.
Findings and Discussion: The findings reveal that reduced audit fees significantly impact the allocation of resources such as time, professional expertise, and technology, leading to diminished audit quality. This compromises the auditors' ability to detect material misstatements and affects their independence and professional skepticism. Lower audit quality, in turn, erodes stakeholder trust in financial statements, creating long-term reputational risks and market instability. Contextual factors, including regulatory frameworks and cultural dimensions, are identified as moderators that influence these dynamics. The study highlights the need for adequate audit fees to maintain transparency, accountability, and trust in financial reporting.
Implications: This research contributes to the academic discourse by extending agency theory to include the financial and ethical challenges auditors face under cost constraints. Practically, it provides actionable insights for regulators, audit firms, and stakeholders, emphasizing the importance of balancing cost efficiency with audit quality. Recommendations include setting minimum audit fee standards, adopting advanced technologies, and enhancing auditor training to sustain trust and accountability in financial reporting systems.
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Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
- Abrar, N. A., Tjan, J. S., & Ikhtiari, K. (2023). Analyzing Audit Quality: Experience, Motivation, Audit Fees with Auditor Ethics as Moderator. Advances in Managerial Auditing Research, 1(2 SE-Articles). https://doi.org/10.60079/amar.v1i2.111
- Adams, M. B. (1994). Agency Theory and the Internal Audit. Managerial Auditing Journal, 9(8), 8–12. https://doi.org/10.1108/02686909410071133
- Ahmad, H., & Muslim, M. (2023). Negotiating Audit Fees: Strategies for Achieving Fair and Equitable Pricing in Audit Engagements. Advances in Managerial Auditing Research, 1(3 SE-Articles), 125–134. https://doi.org/10.60079/amar.v1i3.272
- Alareeni, B. A. (2019). The associations between audit firm attributes and audit quality-specific indicators. Managerial Auditing Journal, 34(1), 6–43. https://doi.org/10.1108/MAJ-05-2017-1559
- Aly, S. A. S., Diab, A., & Abdelazim, S. I. (2023). Audit quality, firm value and audit fees: does audit tenure matter? Egyptian evidence. Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/jfra-04-2023-0203
- Alzeban, A. (2020). The impact of audit committee, CEO, and external auditor quality on the quality of financial reporting. Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society, 20(2), 263–279. https://doi.org/10.1108/CG-07-2019-0204
- Appelbaum, D., Kogan, A., & Vasarhelyi, M. A. (2017). Big Data and analytics in the modern audit engagement: Research needs. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 36(4), 1–27.
- Ayogu, M. (2023). Fostering Transparency and Accountability Enhancing Statutory Audits in Nigeria. Journal of Business and Economic Options, 6(1 SE-Articles), 37–44. http://resdojournals.com/index.php/jbeo/article/view/232
- Campa, D., Quagli, A., & Ramassa, P. (2025). The roles and interplay of enforcers and auditors in the context of accounting fraud: a review of the accounting literature. Journal of Accounting Literature, 47(5), 151–183. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAL-07-2023-0134
- Chen, H., Xing, L., & Zhou, H. (2020). Product market competition and audit fees: evidence from an emerging market. Asian Review of Accounting, 28(1), 89–109. https://doi.org/10.1108/ARA-08-2019-0146
- Chung, H., & Kim, J. B. (2024). Product market competition and audit fees: new evidence. Managerial Auditing Journal, 39(6), 648–667. https://doi.org/10.1108/MAJ-12-2023-4148
- Ditkaew, K., & Suttipun, M. (2023). The impact of audit data analytics on audit quality and audit review continuity in Thailand. Asian Journal of Accounting Research, 8(3), 269–278. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJAR-04-2022-0114
- Elmarzouky, M., Hussainey, K., & Abdelfattah, T. (2023). The key audit matters and the audit cost: does governance matter? International Journal of Accounting & Information Management, 31(1), 195–217. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJAIM-08-2022-0178
- Elswah, T., Abozaid, E., & Diab, A. (2024). Does financial reporting quality matter for the auditee characteristics-audit fees relationship? Evidence from an emerging market. Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/JFRA-12-2023-0777
- Florou, A., Morricone, S., & Pope, P. F. (2020). Proactive financial reporting enforcement: Audit fees and financial reporting quality effects. The Accounting Review, 95(2), 167–197. https://doi.org/10.2308/accr-52497 Share Icon Share
- Gerrard, I., Houghton, K., & Woodliff, D. (1994). Audit Fees: . Managerial Auditing Journal, 9(7), 3–11. https://doi.org/10.1108/02686909410067534
- Hoitash, R., Markelevich, A., & Barragato, C. A. (2007). Auditor fees and audit quality. Managerial Auditing Journal, 22(8), 761–786. https://doi.org/10.1108/02686900710819634
- Hollingsworth, C. W., Neal, T. L., & Reid, C. D. (2020). The effect of office changes within audit firms on clients’ audit quality and audit fees. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 39(1), 71–99. https://doi.org/10.2308/ajpt-52591
- Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W. H. (1979). Theory of the Firm: Managerial Behavior, Agency Costs, and Ownership Structure BT - Economics Social Institutions: Insights from the Conferences on Analysis & Ideology (K. Brunner (ed.); pp. 163–231). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-9257-3_8
- Kaawaase, T. K., Nairuba, C., Akankunda, B., & Bananuka, J. (2021). Corporate governance, internal audit quality and financial reporting quality of financial institutions. Asian Journal of Accounting Research, 6(3), 348–366. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJAR-11-2020-0117
- Kasbar, M. S. H., Tsitsianis, N., Triantafylli, A., & Haslam, C. (2023). An empirical evaluation of the impact of agency conflicts on the association between corporate governance and firm financial performance. Journal of Applied Accounting Research, 24(2), 235–259. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAAR-09-2021-0247
- Krauß, P., Pronobis, P., & Zülch, H. (2015). Abnormal audit fees and audit quality: initial evidence from the German audit market. Journal of Business Economics, 85(1), 45–84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11573-014-0709-5
- Kuo, N.-T., Li, S., & Jin, Z. (2023). Social trust and the demand for audit quality. Research in International Business and Finance, 65, 101931. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2023.101931
- Kyriakou, M. I. (2022). The effect of the financial crisis on audit quality: European evidence. International Journal of Accounting & Information Management, 30(1), 143–158. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJAIM-07-2021-0135
- Li, X., & Liu, M. (2024). Abnormal audit fees and financial reporting quality: A meta-analysis. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, 55, 100622. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2024.100622
- Liu, S., Sulaiman, N. A., & Shahimi, S. (2024). The effects of situational and dispositional factors on audit quality threatening behaviour: exploring the moderating influence of religiosity. Asian Review of Accounting, 32(4), 667–692. https://doi.org/10.1108/ARA-11-2022-0274
- MohammadRezaei, F., Faraji, O., Rezaee, Z., Gholami-Jamkarani, R., & Yari, M. (2024). Substantive or symbolic compliance with regulation, audit fees and audit quality. International Journal of Disclosure and Governance, 21(1), 32–51. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41310-023-00178-4
- Saleh Aly, S. A., Diab, A., & Abdelazim, S. I. (2023). Audit quality, firm value and audit fees: does audit tenure matter? Egyptian evidence. Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/JFRA-04-2023-0203
- Salehi, M., Fakhri Mahmoudi, M. R., & Daemi Gah, A. (2019). A meta-analysis approach for determinants of effective factors on audit quality. Journal of Accounting in Emerging Economies, 9(2), 287–312. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAEE-03-2018-0025
- Salehi, M., Komeili, F., & Daemi Gah, A. (2019). The impact of financial crisis on audit quality and audit fee stickiness: evidence from Iran. Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, 17(2), 201–221. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFRA-04-2017-0025
- Shailer, G. (2020). Ethics in the Independent Audits of Financial Statements BT - Handbook on Ethics in Finance (L. San-Jose, J. L. Retolaza, & L. van Liedekerke (eds.); pp. 1–17). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00001-1_19-1
- Simamora, R. A., & Hendarjatno, H. (2019). The effects of audit client tenure, audit lag, opinion shopping, liquidity ratio, and leverage to the going concern audit opinion. Asian Journal of Accounting Research, 4(1), 145–156. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJAR-05-2019-0038
- Su, K., & Huang, H. J. (2024). Do auditors value social trust? Evidence from China. Applied Economics, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2024.2325374
- Sulaiman, N. A. (2023). External audit quality: its meaning, representations and potential conflict in practice. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 36(5), 1417–1440. https://doi.org/10.1108/AAAJ-02-2020-4443
- Velte, P. (2023). The impact of external auditors on firms’ financial restatements: a review of archival studies and implications for future research. Management Review Quarterly, 73(3), 959–985. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11301-022-00264-x
- Wahyuni, W., Sueny, L. N. R., Wahyu, A. S., & Fadewa, N. N. (2024). Examining Audit Fee Determinants and Their Impact on Audit Quality. Advances in Managerial Auditing Research, 2(3), 119–129. https://doi.org/10.60079/amar.v2i3.373
- Widmann, M., Follert, F., & Wolz, M. (2021). What is it going to cost? Empirical evidence from a systematic literature review of audit fee determinants. Management Review Quarterly, 71(2), 455–489. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11301-020-00190-w
References
Abrar, N. A., Tjan, J. S., & Ikhtiari, K. (2023). Analyzing Audit Quality: Experience, Motivation, Audit Fees with Auditor Ethics as Moderator. Advances in Managerial Auditing Research, 1(2 SE-Articles). https://doi.org/10.60079/amar.v1i2.111
Adams, M. B. (1994). Agency Theory and the Internal Audit. Managerial Auditing Journal, 9(8), 8–12. https://doi.org/10.1108/02686909410071133
Ahmad, H., & Muslim, M. (2023). Negotiating Audit Fees: Strategies for Achieving Fair and Equitable Pricing in Audit Engagements. Advances in Managerial Auditing Research, 1(3 SE-Articles), 125–134. https://doi.org/10.60079/amar.v1i3.272
Alareeni, B. A. (2019). The associations between audit firm attributes and audit quality-specific indicators. Managerial Auditing Journal, 34(1), 6–43. https://doi.org/10.1108/MAJ-05-2017-1559
Aly, S. A. S., Diab, A., & Abdelazim, S. I. (2023). Audit quality, firm value and audit fees: does audit tenure matter? Egyptian evidence. Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, ahead-of-print. https://doi.org/10.1108/jfra-04-2023-0203
Alzeban, A. (2020). The impact of audit committee, CEO, and external auditor quality on the quality of financial reporting. Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society, 20(2), 263–279. https://doi.org/10.1108/CG-07-2019-0204
Appelbaum, D., Kogan, A., & Vasarhelyi, M. A. (2017). Big Data and analytics in the modern audit engagement: Research needs. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 36(4), 1–27.
Ayogu, M. (2023). Fostering Transparency and Accountability Enhancing Statutory Audits in Nigeria. Journal of Business and Economic Options, 6(1 SE-Articles), 37–44. http://resdojournals.com/index.php/jbeo/article/view/232
Campa, D., Quagli, A., & Ramassa, P. (2025). The roles and interplay of enforcers and auditors in the context of accounting fraud: a review of the accounting literature. Journal of Accounting Literature, 47(5), 151–183. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAL-07-2023-0134
Chen, H., Xing, L., & Zhou, H. (2020). Product market competition and audit fees: evidence from an emerging market. Asian Review of Accounting, 28(1), 89–109. https://doi.org/10.1108/ARA-08-2019-0146
Chung, H., & Kim, J. B. (2024). Product market competition and audit fees: new evidence. Managerial Auditing Journal, 39(6), 648–667. https://doi.org/10.1108/MAJ-12-2023-4148
Ditkaew, K., & Suttipun, M. (2023). The impact of audit data analytics on audit quality and audit review continuity in Thailand. Asian Journal of Accounting Research, 8(3), 269–278. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJAR-04-2022-0114
Elmarzouky, M., Hussainey, K., & Abdelfattah, T. (2023). The key audit matters and the audit cost: does governance matter? International Journal of Accounting & Information Management, 31(1), 195–217. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJAIM-08-2022-0178
Elswah, T., Abozaid, E., & Diab, A. (2024). Does financial reporting quality matter for the auditee characteristics-audit fees relationship? Evidence from an emerging market. Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/JFRA-12-2023-0777
Florou, A., Morricone, S., & Pope, P. F. (2020). Proactive financial reporting enforcement: Audit fees and financial reporting quality effects. The Accounting Review, 95(2), 167–197. https://doi.org/10.2308/accr-52497 Share Icon Share
Gerrard, I., Houghton, K., & Woodliff, D. (1994). Audit Fees: . Managerial Auditing Journal, 9(7), 3–11. https://doi.org/10.1108/02686909410067534
Hoitash, R., Markelevich, A., & Barragato, C. A. (2007). Auditor fees and audit quality. Managerial Auditing Journal, 22(8), 761–786. https://doi.org/10.1108/02686900710819634
Hollingsworth, C. W., Neal, T. L., & Reid, C. D. (2020). The effect of office changes within audit firms on clients’ audit quality and audit fees. Auditing: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 39(1), 71–99. https://doi.org/10.2308/ajpt-52591
Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W. H. (1979). Theory of the Firm: Managerial Behavior, Agency Costs, and Ownership Structure BT - Economics Social Institutions: Insights from the Conferences on Analysis & Ideology (K. Brunner (ed.); pp. 163–231). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-9257-3_8
Kaawaase, T. K., Nairuba, C., Akankunda, B., & Bananuka, J. (2021). Corporate governance, internal audit quality and financial reporting quality of financial institutions. Asian Journal of Accounting Research, 6(3), 348–366. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJAR-11-2020-0117
Kasbar, M. S. H., Tsitsianis, N., Triantafylli, A., & Haslam, C. (2023). An empirical evaluation of the impact of agency conflicts on the association between corporate governance and firm financial performance. Journal of Applied Accounting Research, 24(2), 235–259. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAAR-09-2021-0247
Krauß, P., Pronobis, P., & Zülch, H. (2015). Abnormal audit fees and audit quality: initial evidence from the German audit market. Journal of Business Economics, 85(1), 45–84. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11573-014-0709-5
Kuo, N.-T., Li, S., & Jin, Z. (2023). Social trust and the demand for audit quality. Research in International Business and Finance, 65, 101931. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2023.101931
Kyriakou, M. I. (2022). The effect of the financial crisis on audit quality: European evidence. International Journal of Accounting & Information Management, 30(1), 143–158. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJAIM-07-2021-0135
Li, X., & Liu, M. (2024). Abnormal audit fees and financial reporting quality: A meta-analysis. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, 55, 100622. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2024.100622
Liu, S., Sulaiman, N. A., & Shahimi, S. (2024). The effects of situational and dispositional factors on audit quality threatening behaviour: exploring the moderating influence of religiosity. Asian Review of Accounting, 32(4), 667–692. https://doi.org/10.1108/ARA-11-2022-0274
MohammadRezaei, F., Faraji, O., Rezaee, Z., Gholami-Jamkarani, R., & Yari, M. (2024). Substantive or symbolic compliance with regulation, audit fees and audit quality. International Journal of Disclosure and Governance, 21(1), 32–51. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41310-023-00178-4
Saleh Aly, S. A., Diab, A., & Abdelazim, S. I. (2023). Audit quality, firm value and audit fees: does audit tenure matter? Egyptian evidence. Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/JFRA-04-2023-0203
Salehi, M., Fakhri Mahmoudi, M. R., & Daemi Gah, A. (2019). A meta-analysis approach for determinants of effective factors on audit quality. Journal of Accounting in Emerging Economies, 9(2), 287–312. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAEE-03-2018-0025
Salehi, M., Komeili, F., & Daemi Gah, A. (2019). The impact of financial crisis on audit quality and audit fee stickiness: evidence from Iran. Journal of Financial Reporting and Accounting, 17(2), 201–221. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFRA-04-2017-0025
Shailer, G. (2020). Ethics in the Independent Audits of Financial Statements BT - Handbook on Ethics in Finance (L. San-Jose, J. L. Retolaza, & L. van Liedekerke (eds.); pp. 1–17). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00001-1_19-1
Simamora, R. A., & Hendarjatno, H. (2019). The effects of audit client tenure, audit lag, opinion shopping, liquidity ratio, and leverage to the going concern audit opinion. Asian Journal of Accounting Research, 4(1), 145–156. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJAR-05-2019-0038
Su, K., & Huang, H. J. (2024). Do auditors value social trust? Evidence from China. Applied Economics, 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2024.2325374
Sulaiman, N. A. (2023). External audit quality: its meaning, representations and potential conflict in practice. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 36(5), 1417–1440. https://doi.org/10.1108/AAAJ-02-2020-4443
Velte, P. (2023). The impact of external auditors on firms’ financial restatements: a review of archival studies and implications for future research. Management Review Quarterly, 73(3), 959–985. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11301-022-00264-x
Wahyuni, W., Sueny, L. N. R., Wahyu, A. S., & Fadewa, N. N. (2024). Examining Audit Fee Determinants and Their Impact on Audit Quality. Advances in Managerial Auditing Research, 2(3), 119–129. https://doi.org/10.60079/amar.v2i3.373
Widmann, M., Follert, F., & Wolz, M. (2021). What is it going to cost? Empirical evidence from a systematic literature review of audit fee determinants. Management Review Quarterly, 71(2), 455–489. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11301-020-00190-w