Main Article Content
Abstract
Purpose: This study uses the CAMEL method to evaluate the health level of state-owned banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2018 to 2022, which includes aspects of capital adequacy, asset quality, management, earnings, and liquidity.
Research Design and Methodology: This study uses secondary data from the annual financial statements of four state-owned banks selected through purposive sampling. The CAMEL method was applied to analyze the financial soundness of these banks.
Findings and Discussion: The results show that state-owned banks generally maintained a healthy financial condition during the study period, although there were fluctuations in some financial ratios, such as NPM and ROA. This indicates the need to improve operational efficiency and cost management.
Implications: This study guides bank management in improving operational efficiency and risk management to maintain financial stability. Regulators can also use these findings to evaluate and improve banking policies.
Novelty: The novelty of this study lies in the holistic approach that integrates all CAMEL components, providing a comprehensive view of the health of state-owned banks in Indonesia.
Keywords
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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- Arrizky, N. A. (2022). Analisis Perbandingan Tingkat Kesehatan Bank Umum Syariah Sebelum dan Sesudah Terdampak Covid-19. Jurnal Proaksi, 9(4), 427–437.
- Assaf, A. G., Berger, A. N., Roman, R. A., & Tsionas, M. G. (2019). Does efficiency help banks survive and thrive during financial crises? Journal of Banking & Finance, 106, 445–470. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JBANKFIN.2019.07.013
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- Nangoy, E., Mangantar, M., & Van Rate, P. (2022). Analisis Pengaruh Variabel Kesehatan Bank Menggunakan Metode RGEC Terhadap Profitabilitas Pada Bank BUMN Periode 2012–2019. Jurnal EMBA: Jurnal Riset Ekonomi, Manajemen, Bisnis Dan Akuntansi, 10(2), 115–123.
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- Prodanov, S., Yaprakov, O., & Zarkova, S. (2022). CAMEL Evaluation of the Banks in Bulgaria. Economic Alternatives, 2, 201–219. https://doi.org/10.37075/ea.2022.2.03
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- Purwanti, D. (2023). The Strategic Imperative of Treasury and Financial Risk Management in a Volatile Economic Landscape. Advances in Management & Financial Reporting, 1(3 SE-Articles), 119–128. https://doi.org/10.60079/amfr.v1i3.224
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References
Al-Khouri, R., & Arouri, H. (2019). Market power and the role of banks as liquidity providers in GCC markets. Cogent Economics & Finance, 7(1), 1639878. https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2019.1639878
Amijaya, R. N. F., & Alaika, R. (2023). Does Financial Risk Matter for Financial Performance in Sharia Banks. Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Terapan, 8(1), 24–40. https://doi.org/10.20473/jiet.v8i1.44675
Andriasari, W. S., & Munawaroh, S. U. (2020). Analisis Rasio CAMEL (Capital, Asset, Management, Earnings, Equity dan Liquidity) pada Tingkat Kesehatan Bank (Studi Kasus BRI Syariah Periode 2018-2019). BISNIS: Jurnal Bisnis Dan Manajemen Islam, 8(2), 237. https://doi.org/10.21043/BISNIS.V8I2.8795
Anshar, M. A. (2023). The Relationship between Credit Volume and Non-performing Loans on Profitability Levels. Advances in Management & Financial Reporting, 1(1 SE-Articles), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.60079/amfr.v1i1.15
Arora, P., Saini, N., Meitei, A. J., Arora, H., & Goswami, A. (2023). Assessing asset quality using bank specific and macro linkages of non-performing assets: case of public sector banks in India. International Journal of Indian Culture and Business Management, 29(2), 151–167. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijicbm.2023.131441
Arrizky, N. A. (2022). Analisis Perbandingan Tingkat Kesehatan Bank Umum Syariah Sebelum dan Sesudah Terdampak Covid-19. Jurnal Proaksi, 9(4), 427–437.
Assaf, A. G., Berger, A. N., Roman, R. A., & Tsionas, M. G. (2019). Does efficiency help banks survive and thrive during financial crises? Journal of Banking & Finance, 106, 445–470. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JBANKFIN.2019.07.013
Bashir, U., Khan, S., Jones, A., & Hussain, M. (2021). Do banking system transparency and market structure affect financial stability of Chinese banks? Economic Change and Restructuring, 54, 1–41. https://doi.org/10.1007/S10644-020-09272-X
Berger, A. N., & Bouwman, C. H. S. (2017). Bank liquidity creation, monetary policy, and financial crises. Journal of Financial Stability, 30, 139–155. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfs.2017.05.001
Blichfeldt, H., & Faullant, R. (2021). Performance effects of digital technology adoption and product & service innovation–A process-industry perspective. Technovation, 105, 102275. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TECHNOVATION.2021.102275
Boungou, W. (2019). Negative interest rates, bank profitability and risk-taking. Bank Profitability and Risk-Taking (July 8, 2019). https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.3416762
Chen, T.-H., Lee, C.-C., & Shen, C.-H. (2022). Liquidity indicators, early warning signals in banks, and financial crises. The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, 62, 101732. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.najef.2022.101732
Darman, D., Maulana, M. A., & Tope, P. (2021). Analisis Perbandingan Tingkat Kesehatan Bank BUMN dan Bank BUMS di Indonesia. J-MKLI (Jurnal Manajemen Dan Kearifan Lokal Indonesia), 4(2), 92–101.
de Haan, L., Holton, S., & van den End, J. W. (2021). The impact of central bank liquidity support on banks’ sovereign exposures. Applied Economics, 53(15), 1788–1806. https://doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2020.1853667
de Haan, L., & Kakes, J. (2020). European banks after the global financial crisis: Peak accumulated losses, twin crises and business models. Journal of Banking Regulation, 21(3), 197–211. https://doi.org/10.1057/S41261-019-00107-Y
Dou, Y., Hope, O., Thomas, W. B., & Zou, Y. (2016). Individual large shareholders, earnings management, and capital‐market consequences. Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, 43(7–8), 872–902. https://doi.org/10.1111/JBFA.12204
Ferdian, R., Suryadi, E., & Safitri, H. (2018). Analisis Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR), Gross Profit Margin (GPM), dan Net Profit Margin (NPM) Terhadap Harga Saham Indeks PEFINDO-25. Jurnal Produktivitas: Jurnal Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Muhammadiyah Pontianak, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.29406/JPR.V5I1.1251
Ferri, G., Murro, P., & Pini, M. (2020). Credit rationing and the relationship between family businesses and banks in Italy. Global Finance Journal, 43, 100427. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.GFJ.2018.04.003
Gaffar, A. (2021). Analisis Kesehatan Bank Dengan Metode CAMEL Pada PT. Bank Mandiri Indonesia. Jambura Accounting Review, 2(1), 12–26.
Githaiga, P. N., Yegon, J. C., & Komen, J. K. (2019). Income diversification and financial performance: should banks trade? https://doi.org/10.32602/JAFAS.2019.34
Jameaba, M.-S. (2020). Digitization revolution, FinTech disruption, and financial stability: Using the case of Indonesian banking ecosystem to highlight wide-ranging digitization opportunities and major challenges. FinTech Disruption, and Financial Stability: Using the Case of Indonesian Banking Ecosystem to Highlight Wide-Ranging Digitization Opportunities and Major Challenges (July 16 2, 2020). https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3529924
Jin, J. Y., Kanagaretnam, K., Liu, Y., & Liu, N. (2019). Banks’ loan growth, loan quality, and social capital. Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Finance, 21, 83–102. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbef.2018.11.004
Junarsin, E., Pelawi, R. Y., Kristanto, J., Marcelin, I., & Pelawi, J. B. (2023). Does fintech lending expansion disturb financial system stability? Evidence from Indonesia. Heliyon, 9(9). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18384
Katuka, B., Mudzingiri, C., & Vengesai, E. (2023). The effects of non-performing loans on bank stability and economic performance in Zimbabwe. https://doi.org/10.55493/5002.v13i6.4794
Kim, K. (2019). Using partially state-owned enterprises for development in Indonesia. Asia Pacific Business Review, 25(3), 317–337. https://doi.org/10.1080/13602381.2019.1575660
Kokores, I. T. (2023). Looking to the Future: Monetary Policy in Uncharted Waters BT - Monetary Policy in Interdependent Economies: The Task Ahead (I. T. Kokores (ed.); pp. 217–250). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-41958-4_9
Li, L., Ma, M., & Song, V. (2018). Client importance, bank risk, and systemic risk. Asian Review of Accounting, 26(4), 511–544. https://doi.org/10.1108/ARA-03-2018-0068
Liem, C. (2018). Enterprise risk management in banking industry. Firm Journal of Management Studies, 3(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.33021/FIRM.V3I1.381
Limoa, W. S., & Weku, C. E. F. (2024). Sustaining Prosperity: Exploring Fiscal and Financial Sustainability in the Context of Dynamic Fiscal Policy. Advances in Management & Financial Reporting, 2(2 SE-Articles), 85–97. https://doi.org/10.60079/amfr.v2i2.276
Lytvyn, O., Onyshchenko, A., & Ostapenko, O. (2023). Economic challenges of sustainable development goals in Ukraine. Baltic Journal of Economic Studies, 9(1), 100–112. https://doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2023-9-1-100-112
Ma, L., Xu, F., Najaf, I., & Taslima, A. (2021). How does increased private ownership affect financial leverage, asset quality and profitability of Chinese SOEs? Chinese Political Science Review, 6, 251–284. https://doi.org/10.1007/S41111-020-00158-X
Machmud, M., Ali, F., & Hasan, H. (2023). Bank Soundness Level with Camel Method. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 9(12), 577–585. https://doi.org/10.57159/gadl.jcmm.2.4.23090
Maharani, S. G. (2021). Analisis tingkat kesehatan bank menggunakan metode rgec terhadap harga saham bank pembangunan daerah tahun 2014-2018. Jurnal Mirai Management, 6(1), 39–52.
Mishra, A. K., Parikh, B., & Spahr, R. W. (2020). Stock market liquidity, funding liquidity, financial crises and quantitative easing. International Review of Economics & Finance, 70, 456–478. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.IREF.2020.08.013
Murni, Y., Astuti, T., Nisa, C., & Djaddang, S. (2017). Using CAMEL To Predict Management Behavior In Indonesia’s Sharia Bank. IOSR Journal of Business and Management, 19(03), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.9790/487X-1903030104
Nangoy, E., Mangantar, M., & Van Rate, P. (2022). Analisis Pengaruh Variabel Kesehatan Bank Menggunakan Metode RGEC Terhadap Profitabilitas Pada Bank BUMN Periode 2012–2019. Jurnal EMBA: Jurnal Riset Ekonomi, Manajemen, Bisnis Dan Akuntansi, 10(2), 115–123.
Nguyen, M. S. (2021). Capital adequacy ratio and a bank’s financial stability in Vietnam. Banks and Bank Systems, 16(4), 61. https://doi.org/:10.21511/bbs.16(4).2021.06
Ofoegbu, T., & Adegbie, F. F. (2022). Asset Quality and Deposit Money Bank Performance in Nigeria. Indian-Pacific Journal of Accounting and Finance, 6(2), 3–14. https://doi.org/10.52962/ipjaf.2022.6.2.135
Owusu, F. B., & Alhassan, A. L. (2021). Asset‐Liability Management and bank profitability: Statistical cost accounting analysis from an emerging market. International Journal of Finance & Economics, 26(1), 1488–1502. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijfe.1860
Permata, I. (2023). Insights into Effective Corporate Financial Management Practices and Their Implications. Advances in Management & Financial Reporting, 1(3 SE-Articles), 129–144. https://doi.org/10.60079/amfr.v1i3.194
Poelhekke, S. (2015). Do global banks facilitate foreign direct investment? European Economic Review, 76, 25–46. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2015.01.014
Prodanov, S., Yaprakov, O., & Zarkova, S. (2022). CAMEL Evaluation of the Banks in Bulgaria. Economic Alternatives, 2, 201–219. https://doi.org/10.37075/ea.2022.2.03
Purnamasari, D., Ali, H. M., & Mahpop, A. (2022). The National Interests and Sustainability of State-Owned Banks in Indonesia. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 7(11), e001988–e001988. https://doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v7i11.1988
Purwanti, D. (2023). The Strategic Imperative of Treasury and Financial Risk Management in a Volatile Economic Landscape. Advances in Management & Financial Reporting, 1(3 SE-Articles), 119–128. https://doi.org/10.60079/amfr.v1i3.224
Purwanti, E. (2021). Analisis Perbedaan Kinerja Keuangan Bank Umum Pemerintah Dan Bank Swasta Nasional Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2013-2017. Among Makarti, 13(2).
Rifai, A., Junus, R., & Khusnah, A. (2021). Analisis tingkat kesehatan bank dengan menggunakan metode CAMEL pada BNI Syariah, Bank Syariah Mandiri, dan Bank BRI Syariah dalam periode tahunan tahun 2020. Halal Research Journal, 1(2), 63–73.
Rissy, Y. Y. W. (2018). Corporate governance in people’s credit banks in Indonesia: A study of the standards, model and compliance. Queensland University of Technology. https://doi.org/10.5204/thesis.eprints.120982
Rowland, R., Setiawan, T., & Fitriningrum, A. (2021). Analisis Kesulitan Keuangan Perbankan Indonesia: Rasio Keuangan Dan Umur Bank (Studi Pada Perbankan Yang Terdaftar di BEI 2016-2019). JURNAL BISNIS & AKUNTANSI UNSURYA, 6(2).
Ryu, D., Webb, R. I., & Yu, J. (2022). Funding liquidity shocks and market liquidity providers. Finance Research Letters, 47, 102734. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2022.102734
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