Article Sidebar

Download
PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 55 Download : 35

Main Article Content

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to formulate basil leaf essential oil (Ocimum basilicum L.) as an active ingredient against Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in the form of aromatherapy wax that can be applied by inhalation.


Research Method: This study is a laboratory experimental study. Essential oil from basil leaves was obtained through steam distillation, while the wax preparation was made using the melting method. The aromatherapy wax formulation consisted of five groups, namely positive control, negative control, formulation I (2%), formulation II (4%), and formulation III (6%). Each formulation was tested through a series of physical property tests, including organoleptic tests (color, odor, and shape), burning time test, melting point test, and effectiveness test as an insect repellent against Aedes aegypti. Data analysis was performed using a one-way ANOVA statistical test and followed by a Tukey Post Hoc test.


Results and Discussion: The results showed that aromatherapy candles containing basil essential oil had varying effectiveness against mosquito mortality. Formulations with higher concentrations (4% and 6%) provided the best results in physical testing and biological effectiveness compared to other formulations and controls.


Implications: This study supports the development of natural-based aromatherapy candles as a safe, effective, and environmentally friendly alternative insecticide for controlling Aedes aegypti mosquitoes in domestic environments.

Keywords

aromatherapy candles basil leaves aedes aegypti mosquitoes essential oil ocimum basilicum l

Article Details

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite
Rahayu, S. D., Rahmawati, R. P., & Arif, F. (2025). Testing the Effectiveness of Basil Leaf Essential Oil (Ocimum basilicum L) against Aedes Aegypti Mosquitoes in Aromatherapy Candles. Advances in Healthcare Research, 3(2), 278–296. https://doi.org/10.60079/ahr.v3i2.541
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX

References

  1. Ahmad, I., Ayu, N., Sushanti, G., & Muhtar, I. (2023). Aromatherapy Candle Formulation Using Grapefruit Essential Oil With Patchouli Essential Oil Fixative. Journal of Agriculture, 1, 159–166. https://doi.org/10.47709/joa.v1i03.2471
  2. Amir Kemal Sidiq. (2022). Formulasi Dan Uji Sifat Lilin Aromaterapi Kombinasi Minyak Atsiri Daun Kemangi (Ocinum Sanctum L) dan Sereh (Cympogogon Atratus). Amir Kemal Sidiq, 1, 32–37.
  3. Azriyenni, A., Mulyadi, A., Kusumawaty, Y., A, Y., & Zurani, I. (2022). Distilasi Dan Pengujian Karakteristik Minyak Atsiri Hasil Penyulingan Serai Wangi Di Desa Siabu, Salo, Kampar. Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Teknik, 4(2), 82–88. https://doi.org/10.24853/jpmt.4.2.82-88
  4. Botelho, A. de S., Ferreira, O. O., de Oliveira, M. S., Cruz, J. N., Chaves, S. H. D. R., do Prado, A. F., Nascimento, L. D. do, da Silva, G. A., Amarante, C. B. do, & Andrade, E. H. de A. (2022). Studies on the Phytochemical Profile of Ocimum basilicum var. minimum (L.) Alef. Essential Oil, Its Larvicidal Activity and In Silico Interaction with Acetylcholinesterase against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae). International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(19). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231911172
  5. Chandel, A., DeBeaubien, N. A., Ganguly, A., Meyerhof, G. T., Krumholz, A. A., Liu, J., Salgado, V. L., & Montell, C. (2024). Thermal infrared directs host-seeking behaviour in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Nature, 633(8030), 615–623. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07848-5
  6. Chougule, A., VD, K., SS, J., & SS, A. (2024). Formulation and evaluation of herbal mosquito repellent preparations. Pharmaceutical Sciences & Analytical Research Journal (PSARJ), 6(3). https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1900478/v2
  7. de Sousa dos Santos, E. L. V., Cruz, J. N., da Costa, G. V., de Sá, E. M. F., da Silva, A. K. P., Fernandes, C. P., de Faria Mota Oliveira, A. E. M., Duarte, J. L., Bezerra, R. M., & Tavares, J. F. (2024). Essential Oil of Ocimum basilicum against Aedes aegypti and Culex quinquefasciatus: Larvicidal Activity of a Nanoemulsion and In Silico Study. Separations, 11(4), 97. https://doi.org/10.3390/separations11040097
  8. Dewi, A. I., & Arianti, V. (2023). Karakteristik Dan Efektivitas Lilin Aromaterapi Yang Mengandung Ekstrak Minyak Atsiri Bunga Cananga Odorata Sebagai Pengusir Nyamuk. Indonesian Journal of Health Science, 3(2a), 374–380. https://doi.org/10.54957/ijhs.v3i2a.480
  9. Dey, S. (2025). Scented Candles Based on Natural Essential Oils and Anti-oxidants: An Effective Eco-friendly Control of Mosquitoes. World Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 14, 1786–1794. https://doi.org/10.20959/wjpps20253-29420
  10. Egid, B. R., Coulibaly, M., Dadzie, S. K., Kamgang, B., McCall, P. J., Sedda, L., Toe, K. H., & Wilson, A. L. (2022). Review of the ecology and behaviour of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Western Africa and implications for vector control. Current Research in Parasitology & Vector-Borne Diseases, 2, 100074. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crpvbd.2021.100074
  11. Emidi, B., Kiwanuka, Z., Antony, S., Kajeguka, D., & Manjurano, A. (2024). Susceptibility of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes to pyrethroid insecticides and characterization of breeding habitats in selected districts of Mwanza, Tanzania. The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology, 85(1), 60. https://doi.org/10.1186/s41936-024-00415-4
  12. Filho, A. M., de Oliveira, A. A., Milfont, C. G. B., Campos, N. B., da Silva, C. S., Costa, A. R., da Silva, V. B., da Cruz, R. P., dos Santos, J. F. S., Morais-Braga, M. F. B., Rodrigues, F. F. G., Paise, G., da Costa Silva, J. T., Menezes, S. A., de Sá, M. F. C. P., Coutinho, H. D. M., & Almeida-Bezerra, J. W. (2025). Application of essential oils with potential larvicides in the control of mosquito vectors of the genus Culex sp.: Review. Journal of Natural Pesticide Research, 11, 100108. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.napere.2024.100108
  13. Gustian, Fajar, A., & Rande, S. (2024). Pelayanan Kesehatan Puskesmas Temindung Dalam Penanganan Pasien Demam Berdarah Di Kecamatan Sungai Pinang Kota Samarinda. E Journal Administrasi Publik, 12(3), 697–708.
  14. Hadiyantini, F., Sukmawati, D., & Gantini, T. (2022). Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam Program Gerakan Tanam dan Pelihara 50 Juta Pohon terhadap Tingkat Penjualan Bibit Tanaman Hutan di Provinsi Jawa Barat (Suatu Kasus pada Pengada/Pengedar Bibit Tanaman Hutan di Provinsi Jawa Barat). Paspalum: Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian, 10(2), 200. https://doi.org/10.35138/paspalum.v10i2.449
  15. Hanphitakphong, P., & Poomsalood, S. (2024). Immediate effects of lavender soy wax candle on autonomic nervous system, stress, and reaction time in adolescents. Biomedical Human Kinetics, 16(1), 49–54. https://doi.org/10.2478/bhk-2024-0006
  16. Herawaty, N., Prabandari, S., & Susiyarti, S. (2021). Formulasi Dan Uji Sifat Fisik Lilin Aromaterapi Kombinasi Minyak Atsiri Daun Kemangi (Ocimum sanctum L) Dan Sereh (Cymbopogon citratus). Politeknik Harapan Bersama Tegal. http://eprints.poltektegal.ac.id/id/eprint/87
  17. Intan, B., Wau, J., Furqan, M., & Lifiani, R. (2023). Uji Aktivitas Daya Hambat Antibakteri Ekstrak N-Heksana Ocimum Basilicum L. Terhadap Bakteri Streptococcus Mutans Antibacterial Inhibitory Activity Test Of N-Hexane Extract Of Ocimum basilicum L. Against Streptococcus Mutans Bacteria. 10(1), 3–8.
  18. Kačániová, M., Galovičová, L., Borotová, P., Vukovic, N. L., Vukic, M., Kunová, S., Hanus, P., Bakay, L., Zagrobelna, E., Kluz, M., & Kowalczewski, P. Ł. (2022). Assessment of Ocimum basilicum Essential Oil Anti-Insect Activity and Antimicrobial Protection in Fruit and Vegetable Quality. Plants (Basel, Switzerland), 11(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11081030
  19. Krismayadi, K., Halimatushadyah, E., Apriani, D., & Cahyani, M. F. (2024). Standarisasi Mutu Simplisia dan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kemangi (Ocimum x africanum Lour.). Pharmacy Genius, 3(2), 67–81. https://doi.org/10.56359/pharmgen.v3i2.333
  20. Lenti, L., Rigano, D., Woo, S. L., Nartea, A., Pacetti, D., Maggi, F., & Fiorini, D. (2022). A Rapid Procedure for the Simultaneous Determination of Eugenol, Linalool and Fatty Acid Composition in Basil Leaves. Foods, 11(21), 3315. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11213315
  21. López-Hernández, M., Criollo-Nuñez, J., Beltran, J. I., & Sandoval-Aldana, A. (2024). Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of ‘Nufar’ basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) essential oil from three municipalities of Tolima, Colombia. Food Chemistry Advances, 5, 100819. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.focha.2024.100819
  22. Mejía-Jurado, E., Echeverry-Cárdenas, E., & Aguirre-Obando, O. A. (2024). Potential current and future distribution for Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus in Colombia: important disease vectors. Biological Invasions, 26(7), 2119–2137. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-024-03298-2
  23. Meryta, Husnayanti, A., Sinulingga, S. R., & Sudirman, M. S. (2023). Aromatherapy candle formulation from Citrus microcarpa peel. Pharmacy Reports, 2(2), 49. https://doi.org/10.51511/pr.49
  24. Meyerhof, G. T., Dhavan, P., Blunk, S., Bourd, A., Singh, R., Chandel, A., & Montell, C. (2025). Visual threat avoidance while host seeking by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Cell Reports, 44(4), 115435. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2025.115435
  25. Montgomery, M. J., Harwood, J. F., Yougang, A. P., Wilson-Bahun, T. A., Tedjou, A. N., Keumeni, C. R., Wondji, C. S., Kamgang, B., & Kilpatrick, A. M. (2025). The effects of urbanization, temperature, and rainfall on Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquito abundance across a broad latitudinal gradient in Central Africa. Parasites & Vectors, 18(1), 135. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-025-06764-5
  26. Murniningsih, E., Trisnawati, E., & Ulfaturro’iqoh, M. (2022). Formulasi Lilin Aromaterapi Minyak Atsiri Daun Kemangi Sebagai Antistress. Parapemikir: Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi, 11(1), 24–31. https://doi.org/10.30591/pjif.v11i1.2863
  27. Nurfadilah, A. F., & Moektiwardoyo, M. (2020). Potensi Tumbuhan sebagai Repellent Aades Aegypti Vektor Demam Berdarah Dengue. Farmaka, 17(3), 84–90.
  28. Paramawidhita, R. Y., Safitri, R. A., Ariyanti, S. S. R., & Anggraini, J. (2023). Formulasi Lilin Aromaterapi dari Minyak Atsiri Kombinasi Jahe Merah (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) dan Batang Medang (Cinnamomum iners Reinw. ex Blume). Jurnal Ilmu Kefarmasian, 4(1), 48–54.
  29. Putri, I. A., Fatimura, M., Husnah, H., & Bakrie, M. (2021). Pembuatan Minyak Atsiri Kemangi (Ocimum Basilicum L.) Dengan Menggunakan Metode Distilasi Uap Langsung. Jurnal Redoks, 6(2 SE-Articles), 149–156. https://doi.org/10.31851/redoks.v6i2.5202
  30. Rosser, J. I., Tarpenning, M. S., Bramante, J. T., Tamhane, A., Chamberlin, A. J., Mutuku, P. S., De Leo, G. A., Ndenga, B., Mutuku, F., & LaBeaud, A. D. (2024). Development of a trash classification system to map potential Aedes aegypti breeding grounds using unmanned aerial vehicle imaging. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 31(28), 41107–41117. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-33801-0
  31. Salsabila, A. (2023). Formulasi Dan Uji Aktivitas Lilin Aromaterapi Dari Minyak Atsiri Serai Dapur (Cymbopogon citratus) Sebagai Insect Repellent. Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Sunan Giri. https://repository.unugiri.ac.id:8443/id/eprint/3354
  32. Siswantito, F., Natasya, A., Nugroho, R., Iskandar, R. L., Sitanggang, C. O., Al-qordhiyah, Z., Rosidah, C., Nurhayati, S., Sari, D. A., Studi, P., Kimia, S.-T., Teknik, F., & Karawang, U. S. (2023). Produksi minyak atsiri melalui ragam metode ekstraksi dengan berbahan baku jahe. September. https://doi.org/10.31942/inteka.v8i3.8072
  33. Supadmi, F. R. S. (2020). Potensi Ekstrak Daun Kemangi (Ocimum Sanctum L.) Sebagai Antibakteri Terhadap Staphylococcus Aureus Atcc 25923. Jurnal Ilmiah PANNMED (Pharmacist, Analyst, Nurse, Nutrition, Midwivery, Environment, Dentist), 15(3), 522–525.
  34. Usmadi, U. (2020). Pengujian Persyaratan Analisis (Uji Homogenitas Dan Uji Normalitas). Inovasi Pendidikan, 7(1), 50–62. https://doi.org/10.31869/ip.v7i1.2281
  35. Wahyuni, A., Zahra, S., Putri, B., Pramudya, M., Rohmah, E., & Mulyatno, K. C. (2022). A Preliminary Study on Ocimum basilicum Essential Oil as a Repellent against Aedes aegypti in Surabaya. Journal of Public Health for Tropical and Coastal Region, 5. https://doi.org/10.14710/jphtcr.v5i2.13734
  36. Widowati, T., Tumangger, M. H., Cahyaningrum, R., & Widya, E. (2025). The Development of the Aesthetic and Ergonomic Value of Aromatherapy Candles as a Relaxation Medium and Space Decoration. 23, 7411–7415. https://doi.org/10.57239/PJLSS-2025-23.1.00576
  37. Wijaya, A., & Noviana, N. (2022). Penetapan Kadar Air Simplisia Daun Kemangi (Ocimum basilicum L.) Berdasarkan Perbedaan Metode Pengeringan. Jurnal Riset Kefarmasian Indonesia, 4(2), 185–194. https://doi.org/10.33759/jrki.v4i2.246