Main Article Content
Abstract
Purpose: This study systematically examines the relationship between financial reporting errors and their impact on stakeholder trust. It will focus on the types and intensity of errors and explore strategies for trust recovery after identifying mistakes.
Research Design and Methodology: The research employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, analyzing existing studies on financial reporting errors, their effects on stakeholder trust, and the mechanisms for regaining trust post-error. The review encompasses both mature and emerging markets, providing a global perspective.
Findings and Discussion: The analysis reveals that intentional financial reporting errors, such as manipulation, cause significantly more significant damage to stakeholder trust than unintentional errors like technical mistakes. The severity of the errors also plays a crucial role in determining the level of trust erosion. Effective recovery strategies, including transparency, stakeholder engagement, and governance reforms, are essential for restoring trust. However, even with corrective actions, companies may not fully regain the same confidence level, especially following severe or high-profile errors.
Implications: This study offers practical insights for corporate governance by highlighting the need for robust internal controls and transparent communication to address financial reporting errors. Companies can use these findings to develop strategic approaches that minimize the long-term damage to stakeholder trust and ensure more effective recovery after identifying financial discrepancies.
Keywords
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
- Ajekwe, C. C. (2021). Impact of flexibility in accounting on financial reporting. European Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance Research, 9(3), 74–87. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3828502
- Al-Mashhadi, A. S. J. (2021). Review on development of the internal control system. Technology, 31, 35. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Atared-Saad-Al-Mashhadi/publication/350530437_Review_on_Development_of_the_Internal_Control_System/links/6066ff3792851c91b198f60f/Review-on-Development-of-the-Internal-Control-System.pdf
- Ball, R., & Brown, P. (2019). Ball and Brown (1968) after fifty years. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 53, 410–431. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacfin.2018.12.008
- Coelho, R., Jayantilal, S., & Ferreira, J. J. (2023). The impact of social responsibility on corporate financial performance: A systematic literature review. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 30(4), 1535–1560. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2446
- Connelly, B. L., Certo, S. T., Ireland, R. D., & Reutzel, C. R. (2011). Signaling theory: A review and assessment. Journal of Management, 37(1), 39–67. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206310388419
- DiPiazza Jr, S. A., & Eccles, R. G. (2002). Building public trust: The future of corporate reporting. John Wiley & Sons.
- Efunniyi, C. P., Abhulimen, A. O., Obiki-Osafiele, A. N., Osundare, O. S., Agu, E. E., & Adeniran, I. A. (2024). Strengthening corporate governance and financial compliance: Enhancing accountability and transparency. Finance & Accounting Research Journal, 6(8), 1597–1616. https://doi.org/10.51594/farj.v6i8.1509
- Fauzan, H. (2024). Sistem Pengendalian Manajemen. Tangerang: INDOGO MEDIA. http://digilib.uinkhas.ac.id/32232/1/PENGENDALIAN SISTEM MANAJEMEN.pdf
- Fragoso, J. L. F. R., Peixinho, R. M. T., Coelho, L. M. S., & Paiva, I. C. S. (2020). The impact of financial restatements on financial markets: a systematic literature review. Meditari Accountancy Research, 28(6), 1119–1147. https://doi.org/10.1108/medar-05-2019-0482
- Freeman, R. E. (2010a). Stakeholder theory: The state of the art. Cambridge University Press.
- Freeman, R. E. (2010b). Strategic management: A stakeholder approach. Cambridge University Press.
- Fung, B. (2014). The demand and need for transparency and disclosure in corporate governance. Universal Journal of Management, 2(2), 72–80. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujm.2014.020203
- Gómez‐Bezares, F., Przychodzen, W., & Przychodzen, J. (2017). Bridging the gap: How sustainable development can help companies create shareholder value and improve financial performance. Business Ethics: A European Review, 26(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1111/beer.12135
- Gomulya, D., & Mishina, Y. (2017). Signaler credibility, signal susceptibility, and relative reliance on signals: How stakeholders change their evaluative processes after violation of expectations and rehabilitative efforts. Academy of Management Journal, 60(2), 554–583. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2014.1041
- Herman Sjahruddin, S. E., Sulistiani, I., Kom, M. I., Fahrizal, H. M., Nurrachmah, S., Kom, M. I., Syarifah Novieyana, S. E., Arini, D. U., MM, P., & Ali, I. H. (2023). MANAJEMEN KOMUNIKASI. Cendikia Mulia Mandiri.
- Hersel, M. C., Helmuth, C. A., Zorn, M. L., Shropshire, C., & Ridge, J. W. (2019). The corrective actions organizations pursue following misconduct: A review and research agenda. Academy of Management Annals, 13(2), 547–585. https://doi.org/10.5465/annals.2017.0090
- Hertati, L., Widiyanti, M., Desfitrina, D., Syafarudin, A., & Safkaur, O. (2020). The Effects of Economic Crisis on Business Finance. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 10(3), 236–244. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijefi.9928
- Islam, T., Islam, R., Pitafi, A. H., Xiaobei, L., Rehmani, M., Irfan, M., & Mubarak, M. S. (2021). The impact of corporate social responsibility on customer loyalty: The mediating role of corporate reputation, customer satisfaction, and trust. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 25, 123–135. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2020.07.019
- Jensen, M. C., & Smith, C. W. (2000). Stockholder, manager, and creditor interests: Applications of agency theory. Theory of the Firm, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.173461
- Karpoff, J. M. (2021). On a stakeholder model of corporate governance. Financial Management, 50(2), 321–343. https://doi.org/10.1111/fima.12344
- Lorsch, J. W., Berlowitz, L., & Zelleke, A. (2005). Restoring trust in American business. MIT Press.
- Lundelius, C. R. (2011). Financial reporting fraud: A practical guide to detection and internal control.
- Mähönen, J. (2020). A comprehensive approach to relevant and reliable reporting in Europe: A Dream Impossible? Sustainability, 12(13), 5277. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135277
- Mayer, C. (2013). Firm commitment: Why the corporation is failing us and how to restore trust in it. OUP Oxford.
- McDaniel, M. W. (1987). Bondholders and stockholders. J. Corp. L., 13, 205. https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/jcorl13&div=16&id=&page=
- Olayinka, A. A. (2022). Financial statement analysis as a tool for investment decisions and assessment of companies’ performance. International Journal of Financial, Accounting, and Management, 4(1), 49–66. https://doi.org/10.35912/ijfam.v4i1.852
- Pallissery, F. (2012). True and fair financial reporting: a tool for better corporate governance. Journal of Financial Crime, 19(4), 332–342. https://doi.org/10.1108/13590791211266331
- Permatasari, I., & Tjahjadi, B. (2024). A closer look at integrated reporting quality: a systematic review and agenda of future research. Meditari Accountancy Research, 32(3), 661–692. https://doi.org/10.1108/medar-08-2022-1782
- Prechel, H. (2022). Corporate Fraud, Corruption, and Financial Malfeasance. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice, September, 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190264079.013.271
- Sabau, A. I., Safta, I. L., Miron, G. M., & Achim, M. V. (2020). Manipulation of financial information through creative accounting: case study at companies listed on the romanian stock exchange. Rsep Conferences, 18, 64–80. https://www.rsepconferences.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Book-of-Full-Papers-Istanbul-Conf-Completed.pdf#page=72
- Saini, M., Aggarwal, V., Dhingra, B., Kumar, P., & Yadav, M. (2023). ESG and financial variables: a systematic review. International Journal of Law and Management, 65(6), 663–682. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijlma-02-2023-0033
- Shahana, T., Lavanya, V., & Bhat, A. R. (2023). State of the art in financial statement fraud detection: A systematic review. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 192, 122527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122527
- Siegel, J. J. (2021). Stocks for the long run: The definitive guide to financial market returns & long-term investment strategies. McGraw-Hill Education.
- Simons, R., & Dávila, A. (2021). How top managers use the entrepreneurial gap to drive strategic change. European Accounting Review, 30(4), 583–609. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638180.2020.1792959
- Song, X., Gu, H., Li, Y., & Ye, W. (2023). A systematic review of trust in sharing accommodation: progress and prospects from the multistakeholder perspective. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 35(4), 1156–1190. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-12-2021-1555
- Svendsen, A. (1998). The stakeholder strategy: Profiting from collaborative business relationships. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
- Uwah, U., Aji, I. A., & Iniabasi, E. (2023). Accounting ratios and false financial statements detection: evidence from Nigerian quoted companies. AKSU Journal of Administration and Corporate Governance (AKSUJACOG), 3(1), 61–75. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Uwah-Etim/publication/370806010_Accounting_Ratios_and_False_Financial_Statements_Detection_Evidence_from_Nigerian_Quoted_Companies/links/646da42fcde97a39292b826b/Accounting-Ratios-and-False-Financial-Statements-Detection-Evidence-from-Nigerian-Quoted-Companies.pdf
- Wibowo, A. (2024). Tata Kelola Entitas Perusahaan. Penerbit Yayasan Prima Agus Teknik, 1–205. https://penerbit.stekom.ac.id/index.php/yayasanpat/article/view/526
- Wicaksana, F. E. C., & Haryati, T. (2024). Peranan Audit Operasional dan Pengendalian Internal pada Kinerja Perusahaan. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Dan Manajemen, 2(7), 658–668. https://doi.org/10.61722/jiem.v2i7.2153
- Young, S. D. (2020). Financial Statement Fraud: Motivation, Methods, and Detection. In H. K. Baker, L. Purda-Heeler, & S. Saadi (Eds.), Corporate Fraud Exposed (pp. 321–339). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78973-417-120201021
References
Ajekwe, C. C. (2021). Impact of flexibility in accounting on financial reporting. European Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance Research, 9(3), 74–87. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3828502
Al-Mashhadi, A. S. J. (2021). Review on development of the internal control system. Technology, 31, 35. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Atared-Saad-Al-Mashhadi/publication/350530437_Review_on_Development_of_the_Internal_Control_System/links/6066ff3792851c91b198f60f/Review-on-Development-of-the-Internal-Control-System.pdf
Ball, R., & Brown, P. (2019). Ball and Brown (1968) after fifty years. Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, 53, 410–431. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pacfin.2018.12.008
Coelho, R., Jayantilal, S., & Ferreira, J. J. (2023). The impact of social responsibility on corporate financial performance: A systematic literature review. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 30(4), 1535–1560. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2446
Connelly, B. L., Certo, S. T., Ireland, R. D., & Reutzel, C. R. (2011). Signaling theory: A review and assessment. Journal of Management, 37(1), 39–67. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206310388419
DiPiazza Jr, S. A., & Eccles, R. G. (2002). Building public trust: The future of corporate reporting. John Wiley & Sons.
Efunniyi, C. P., Abhulimen, A. O., Obiki-Osafiele, A. N., Osundare, O. S., Agu, E. E., & Adeniran, I. A. (2024). Strengthening corporate governance and financial compliance: Enhancing accountability and transparency. Finance & Accounting Research Journal, 6(8), 1597–1616. https://doi.org/10.51594/farj.v6i8.1509
Fauzan, H. (2024). Sistem Pengendalian Manajemen. Tangerang: INDOGO MEDIA. http://digilib.uinkhas.ac.id/32232/1/PENGENDALIAN SISTEM MANAJEMEN.pdf
Fragoso, J. L. F. R., Peixinho, R. M. T., Coelho, L. M. S., & Paiva, I. C. S. (2020). The impact of financial restatements on financial markets: a systematic literature review. Meditari Accountancy Research, 28(6), 1119–1147. https://doi.org/10.1108/medar-05-2019-0482
Freeman, R. E. (2010a). Stakeholder theory: The state of the art. Cambridge University Press.
Freeman, R. E. (2010b). Strategic management: A stakeholder approach. Cambridge University Press.
Fung, B. (2014). The demand and need for transparency and disclosure in corporate governance. Universal Journal of Management, 2(2), 72–80. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujm.2014.020203
Gómez‐Bezares, F., Przychodzen, W., & Przychodzen, J. (2017). Bridging the gap: How sustainable development can help companies create shareholder value and improve financial performance. Business Ethics: A European Review, 26(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1111/beer.12135
Gomulya, D., & Mishina, Y. (2017). Signaler credibility, signal susceptibility, and relative reliance on signals: How stakeholders change their evaluative processes after violation of expectations and rehabilitative efforts. Academy of Management Journal, 60(2), 554–583. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2014.1041
Herman Sjahruddin, S. E., Sulistiani, I., Kom, M. I., Fahrizal, H. M., Nurrachmah, S., Kom, M. I., Syarifah Novieyana, S. E., Arini, D. U., MM, P., & Ali, I. H. (2023). MANAJEMEN KOMUNIKASI. Cendikia Mulia Mandiri.
Hersel, M. C., Helmuth, C. A., Zorn, M. L., Shropshire, C., & Ridge, J. W. (2019). The corrective actions organizations pursue following misconduct: A review and research agenda. Academy of Management Annals, 13(2), 547–585. https://doi.org/10.5465/annals.2017.0090
Hertati, L., Widiyanti, M., Desfitrina, D., Syafarudin, A., & Safkaur, O. (2020). The Effects of Economic Crisis on Business Finance. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 10(3), 236–244. https://doi.org/10.32479/ijefi.9928
Islam, T., Islam, R., Pitafi, A. H., Xiaobei, L., Rehmani, M., Irfan, M., & Mubarak, M. S. (2021). The impact of corporate social responsibility on customer loyalty: The mediating role of corporate reputation, customer satisfaction, and trust. Sustainable Production and Consumption, 25, 123–135. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2020.07.019
Jensen, M. C., & Smith, C. W. (2000). Stockholder, manager, and creditor interests: Applications of agency theory. Theory of the Firm, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.173461
Karpoff, J. M. (2021). On a stakeholder model of corporate governance. Financial Management, 50(2), 321–343. https://doi.org/10.1111/fima.12344
Lorsch, J. W., Berlowitz, L., & Zelleke, A. (2005). Restoring trust in American business. MIT Press.
Lundelius, C. R. (2011). Financial reporting fraud: A practical guide to detection and internal control.
Mähönen, J. (2020). A comprehensive approach to relevant and reliable reporting in Europe: A Dream Impossible? Sustainability, 12(13), 5277. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135277
Mayer, C. (2013). Firm commitment: Why the corporation is failing us and how to restore trust in it. OUP Oxford.
McDaniel, M. W. (1987). Bondholders and stockholders. J. Corp. L., 13, 205. https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/jcorl13&div=16&id=&page=
Olayinka, A. A. (2022). Financial statement analysis as a tool for investment decisions and assessment of companies’ performance. International Journal of Financial, Accounting, and Management, 4(1), 49–66. https://doi.org/10.35912/ijfam.v4i1.852
Pallissery, F. (2012). True and fair financial reporting: a tool for better corporate governance. Journal of Financial Crime, 19(4), 332–342. https://doi.org/10.1108/13590791211266331
Permatasari, I., & Tjahjadi, B. (2024). A closer look at integrated reporting quality: a systematic review and agenda of future research. Meditari Accountancy Research, 32(3), 661–692. https://doi.org/10.1108/medar-08-2022-1782
Prechel, H. (2022). Corporate Fraud, Corruption, and Financial Malfeasance. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice, September, 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190264079.013.271
Sabau, A. I., Safta, I. L., Miron, G. M., & Achim, M. V. (2020). Manipulation of financial information through creative accounting: case study at companies listed on the romanian stock exchange. Rsep Conferences, 18, 64–80. https://www.rsepconferences.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Book-of-Full-Papers-Istanbul-Conf-Completed.pdf#page=72
Saini, M., Aggarwal, V., Dhingra, B., Kumar, P., & Yadav, M. (2023). ESG and financial variables: a systematic review. International Journal of Law and Management, 65(6), 663–682. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijlma-02-2023-0033
Shahana, T., Lavanya, V., & Bhat, A. R. (2023). State of the art in financial statement fraud detection: A systematic review. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 192, 122527. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2023.122527
Siegel, J. J. (2021). Stocks for the long run: The definitive guide to financial market returns & long-term investment strategies. McGraw-Hill Education.
Simons, R., & Dávila, A. (2021). How top managers use the entrepreneurial gap to drive strategic change. European Accounting Review, 30(4), 583–609. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638180.2020.1792959
Song, X., Gu, H., Li, Y., & Ye, W. (2023). A systematic review of trust in sharing accommodation: progress and prospects from the multistakeholder perspective. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 35(4), 1156–1190. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-12-2021-1555
Svendsen, A. (1998). The stakeholder strategy: Profiting from collaborative business relationships. Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
Uwah, U., Aji, I. A., & Iniabasi, E. (2023). Accounting ratios and false financial statements detection: evidence from Nigerian quoted companies. AKSU Journal of Administration and Corporate Governance (AKSUJACOG), 3(1), 61–75. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Uwah-Etim/publication/370806010_Accounting_Ratios_and_False_Financial_Statements_Detection_Evidence_from_Nigerian_Quoted_Companies/links/646da42fcde97a39292b826b/Accounting-Ratios-and-False-Financial-Statements-Detection-Evidence-from-Nigerian-Quoted-Companies.pdf
Wibowo, A. (2024). Tata Kelola Entitas Perusahaan. Penerbit Yayasan Prima Agus Teknik, 1–205. https://penerbit.stekom.ac.id/index.php/yayasanpat/article/view/526
Wicaksana, F. E. C., & Haryati, T. (2024). Peranan Audit Operasional dan Pengendalian Internal pada Kinerja Perusahaan. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Dan Manajemen, 2(7), 658–668. https://doi.org/10.61722/jiem.v2i7.2153
Young, S. D. (2020). Financial Statement Fraud: Motivation, Methods, and Detection. In H. K. Baker, L. Purda-Heeler, & S. Saadi (Eds.), Corporate Fraud Exposed (pp. 321–339). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78973-417-120201021