Main Article Content
Abstract
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh workplace happiness dan employee engagement terhadap produktivitas karyawan dengan inovatif kerja sebagai variabel intervening. Fokus penelitian diarahkan pada upaya memahami mekanisme tidak langsung yang dapat menjelaskan kontribusi psikologis dan perilaku karyawan terhadap peningkatan produktivitas di sektor layanan publik, khususnya pada BPJS Kesehatan Cabang Jambi.
Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode survei. Sampel sebanyak 74 responden ditentukan melalui teknik total sampling. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan instrumen kuesioner dan dianalisis dengan teknik Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) menggunakan perangkat lunak SmartPLS 4.0.
Hasil dan Pembahasan: Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa employee engagement dan inovatif kerja memiliki pengaruh langsung yang signifikan terhadap produktivitas karyawan. Selain itu, workplace happiness dan employee engagement juga berpengaruh positif terhadap inovatif kerja. Temuan penting lainnya adalah bahwa workplace happiness tidak memiliki pengaruh langsung terhadap produktivitas, tetapi memiliki pengaruh tidak langsung melalui inovatif kerja.
Implikasi: Penelitian ini menekankan pentingnya menciptakan lingkungan kerja yang mendukung keterlibatan dan kebahagiaan karyawan, serta menyediakan ruang untuk inovasi sebagai strategi peningkatan produktivitas jangka panjang, khususnya dalam organisasi sektor publik.
Keywords
Article Details

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References
- Abadi, A. F. (2024). Pengaruh Employee Engagement terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Melalui Kepuasan Kerja Sebagai Variabel Mediasi. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen, 158–168. https://doi.org/10.26740/jim.v12n1.p158-168
- Afsar, B., Masood, M., & Umrani, W. A. (2019). The role of job crafting and knowledge sharing on the effect of transformational leadership on innovative work behavior. Personnel Review, 48(5), 1186–1208. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-04-2018-0133
- Agustiani, T., Mora, L., & Ibad, C. (2024). Increasing Employee Engagement Through Workplace Happiness: A Quality of Work Life Mediation Study. Psikoborneo: Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi, 12(3), 378–384.
- Agustien, E., & Soeling, P. D. (2020). How does Happiness at Work Affect Employee Performance in the Head Office of BKKBN? Hasanuddin Economics and Business Review, 4(2), 58–64. https://doi.org/10.26487/hebr.v4i2.2448
- Al-shami, S. A., Al mamun, A., Rashid, N., & Cheong, C. B. (2023). Happiness at workplace on innovative work behaviour and organisation citizenship behaviour through moderating effect of innovative behaviour. Heliyon, 9(5), e15614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15614
- Ausat, A. M. A., Setyasari, U. E., Amane, A. P. O., Mian, A. S., Nurbaeti, E., Gadzali, S. S., Azzaakiyyah, H. K., Irwanto, A. S., Harto, B., & Mulyanto, M. F. (2023). INOVASI: Sebuah Tinjauan Konsep Perilaku Inovatif (Issue March).
- Baiti, K. N., Djumali, D., & Kustiyah, E. (2020). Produktivitas Kerja Karyawan Ditinjau dari Motivasi, Disiplin Kerja dan Lingkungan pada PT. Iskandar Indah Printing Textile Surakarta. Jurnal Ilmiah Edunomika, 4(01). https://doi.org/10.29040/jie.v4i01.812
- Bernard, O., Amuen, E. &, & Odion, S. (2022). The Impact of Work Environment on Employee Productivity: A Case Study of Business Centers in University of Benin Complex. AJMR 782 Amity Journal of Management Research ADMAA Amity Journal of Management Research, 5(1), 1–19.
- Blau, P. M. (1964). Justice in social exchange. Sociological Inquiry, 34(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-682X.1964.tb00583.x
- Busro, M. (2018). Teori-teori manajemen sumber daya manusia. Prenada Media.
- Chandra, A., Palendeng, I. D., & Kojo, C. (2024). Pengaruh Beban Kerja dan Employee Engagement Terhadap Produktivitas Kerja Karyawan dengan Integritas Sebagai Variabel Moderasi Pada PT. Matahari Department Store, Tbk-Megamall Manado. Jurnal EMBA: Jurnal Riset Ekonomi, Manajemen, Bisnis Dan Akuntansi, 12(4), 109–119. https://doi.org/10.35794/emba.v12i4.58567
- Cooper-Thomas, H. D., Xu, J., & M. Saks, A. (2018). The differential value of resources in predicting employee engagement. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 33(4/5), 326–344. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMP-12-2017-0449
- Cropanzano, R., & Mitchell, M. S. (2005). Social exchange theory: An interdisciplinary review. Journal of Management, 31(6), 874–900. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206305279602
- Dami, W. D., Foeh, J., & Manafe, H. A. (2022). Pengaruh Employee Engagement, Komitmen Organisasi, dan Budaya Organisasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Melalui Kepuasan Kerja Sebagai Variabel Mediasi (Suatu Kajian Studi Literatur Manajemen Sumberdaya Manusia). Jurnal Ilmu Multidisiplin, 1(2), 514–526. https://doi.org/10.38035/jim.v1i2.59
- De Jong, J., & Den Hartog, D. (2010). Measuring innovative work behaviour. Creativity and Innovation Management, 19(1), 23–36. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8691.2010.00547.x
- Diana, I. N., Supriyanto, A. S., Ekowati, V. M., & Ertanto, A. H. (2021). Factor influencing employee performance: The role of organizational culture. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(2), 545–553. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2021.vol8.no2.0545
- Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95(3), 542. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.95.3.542
- Diener, E., Oishi, S., & Tay, L. (2018). Advances in subjective well-being research. Nature Human Behaviour, 2(4), 253–260. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-018-0307-6
- Divekar, S., & Kulkarni, S. (2022). Happiness at the Workplace A Study of Happiness at Workplace in an Organisation in Manufacturing segment. Quest Journals Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Science, 10(4), 2321–9467.
- Farooq, F., Mohammad, S. S., Nazir, N. A., & Shah, P. A. (2024). Happiness at work: a systematic literature review. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, May. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-08-2023-3902
- Faustine, D. (2024). Work Engagement sebagai Mediator Peran Workplace Well-being terhadap Performance pada Karyawan. Psyche 165 Journal, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.35134/jpsy165.v17i1.310
- Ghani, B., Hyder, S. I., Yoo, S., & Han, H. (2023). Does employee engagement promote innovation? The Facilitators of innovative workplace behavior via mediation and moderation. Heliyon, 9(11). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21817
- Hadi, S., Putra, A. R., & Mardikaningsih, R. (2020). Pengaruh perilaku inovatif dan keterlibatan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan. Jurnal Baruna Horizon, 3(1), 186–197. https://doi.org/10.52310/jbhorizon.v3i1.38
- Herath, H. M. S. S., Herath, H. M. K. K. M. B., Madhusanka, B. G. D. A., & Guruge, L. G. P. K. (2024). Data Protection Challenges in the Processing of Sensitive Data BT - Data Protection: The Wake of AI and Machine Learning (C. Hewage, L. Yasakethu, & D. N. K. Jayakody (eds.); pp. 155–179). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-76473-8_8
- Isriadi, T. S., & Zulkarnain, Z. (2012). Kaitan antara Kebahagiaan Pekerja dan Employee Engagement Studi Empirikal. Analitika: Jurnal Magister Psikologi UMA, 4(2), 91–95. https://doi.org/10.31289/analitika.v4i2.781
- Kaufman, V. A., Horton, C., Walsh, L. C., & Rodriguez, A. (2022). The Unity of Well-Being: An Inquiry into the Structure of Subjective Well-Being Using the Bifactor Model. International Journal of Applied Positive Psychology, 7(3), 461–486. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41042-022-00077-z
- Kossyva, D., Theriou, G., Aggelidis, V., & Sarigiannidis, L. (2023). Outcomes of engagement: A systematic literature review and future research directions. Heliyon, 9(6), e17565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17565
- Kun, A., & Gadanecz, P. (2022). Workplace happiness, well-being and their relationship with psychological capital: A study of Hungarian Teachers. Current Psychology, 41(1), 185–199. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-019-00550-0
- Maisyuri, R. S. I., & Ariyanto, E. (2021). The affect of vigor, dedication and absorption on the employee performance at Pt. Mandiri Utama Finance. Dinasti International Journal of Management Science, 2(4), 689–702. https://doi.org/10.31933/dijms.v2i4.819
- Mmukherjee, U., & Saritha, S. R. (2024). Happiness at Work: a Systematic Literature Review. International Journal of Research in Engineering Science and Management, 7(5), 38–44. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11180911
- Mousa Alriyami, H., Alneyadi, K., Alnuaimi, H., & Kampouris, I. (2024). Employees trust, perceived justice, on task performance: Mediating and moderating role of autonomy and organizational culture. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 104, 103647. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2024.103647
- Nurdin, R., Firman, A., & Hamzah, H. M. (2022). Pengaruh Kompetensi, Kepemimpinan, Budaya Organisasi Dan Motivasi Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Sekretariat Daerah Kota Parepare. Ezenza Journal (EJ), 1(1), 114–124. https://e-jurnal.nobel.ac.id/index.php/ej/article/view/3345
- Nurimanita, S. (2021). Pengaruh Workplace Happiness dan Person Job Fit Terhadap Komitmen Organisasi Dengan Kepuasan Kerja Sebagai Variabel Pemediasi (Studi Pada Guru Tetap Yayasan SMK Ma’arif 4 Kebumen) Sefani. 1–12.
- Parno, Muttalib, A. A., & Nur, M. (2020). The Effect of Managerial Ability and Motivation on Employee Productivity At PT. Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero) Tbk. Kendari Branch Office. Journal of Education, Humaniora and Social Sciences, 3(2), 637–643.
- Pavot, W., & and Diener, E. (2008). The Satisfaction With Life Scale and the emerging construct of life satisfaction. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 3(2), 137–152. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760701756946
- Rachman, A., Patutie, E., Darmini, N. K., Hasan, R., & Hinta, A. (2024). Manajemen sumber daya manusia. TOHAR MEDIA.
- Ramadhani, S., & Soenarto, I. (2023). Penerapan Program Employee Engagement Untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi Kerja Karyawan Pada PT ABC. Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis Terapan, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.7454/jabt.v5i2.1080
- Reza, M. (2024). The Influence of Innovative Work Behavior and Work Environment on Employee Performance. Review: Journal of Multidisciplinary in Social Sciences, 1(05), 148–154. https://doi.org/10.59422/rjmss.v1i05.317
- Saks, A. M. (2019). Antecedents and consequences of employee engagement revisited. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance, 6(1), 19–38. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOEPP-06-2018-0034
- Santoso, D., & Nugraheni, D. (2022). Peran iklim organisasi, kepemimpinan transformational, knowledge sharing dan employee engagement bagi peningkatan perilaku kerja inovatif. Jurnal Riset Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 15(2), 118–132. https://doi.org/10.26623/jreb.v15i2.5298
- Schaufeli, W. B., Bakker, A. B., & Salanova, M. (2006). The measurement of work engagement with a short questionnaire: A cross-national study. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66(4), 701–716. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164405282471
- Schwartz, S. H., & Sortheix, F. (2018). Values and subjective well-being. http://www.nobascholar.com/chapters/51
- Shelke, A. U., & Shaikh, N. (2023). Mediating role of workplace happiness in enhancing work engagement. Rajagiri Management Journal, 17(3), 238–253. https://doi.org/10.1108/RAMJ-07-2022-0110
- Siregar, Z. M. E., Suryana, E. A., & Senen, S. H. (2019). Factors influencing innovative work behavior: an individual factors perspective. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 8(9), 324–327.
- Tsen, M. K., Gu, M., Tan, C. M., & Goh, S. K. (2022). Does flexible work arrangements decrease or increase turnover intention? A comparison between the social exchange theory and border theory. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 42(11–12), 962–983. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSSP-08-2021-0196
References
Abadi, A. F. (2024). Pengaruh Employee Engagement terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Melalui Kepuasan Kerja Sebagai Variabel Mediasi. Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen, 158–168. https://doi.org/10.26740/jim.v12n1.p158-168
Afsar, B., Masood, M., & Umrani, W. A. (2019). The role of job crafting and knowledge sharing on the effect of transformational leadership on innovative work behavior. Personnel Review, 48(5), 1186–1208. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-04-2018-0133
Agustiani, T., Mora, L., & Ibad, C. (2024). Increasing Employee Engagement Through Workplace Happiness: A Quality of Work Life Mediation Study. Psikoborneo: Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi, 12(3), 378–384.
Agustien, E., & Soeling, P. D. (2020). How does Happiness at Work Affect Employee Performance in the Head Office of BKKBN? Hasanuddin Economics and Business Review, 4(2), 58–64. https://doi.org/10.26487/hebr.v4i2.2448
Al-shami, S. A., Al mamun, A., Rashid, N., & Cheong, C. B. (2023). Happiness at workplace on innovative work behaviour and organisation citizenship behaviour through moderating effect of innovative behaviour. Heliyon, 9(5), e15614. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15614
Ausat, A. M. A., Setyasari, U. E., Amane, A. P. O., Mian, A. S., Nurbaeti, E., Gadzali, S. S., Azzaakiyyah, H. K., Irwanto, A. S., Harto, B., & Mulyanto, M. F. (2023). INOVASI: Sebuah Tinjauan Konsep Perilaku Inovatif (Issue March).
Baiti, K. N., Djumali, D., & Kustiyah, E. (2020). Produktivitas Kerja Karyawan Ditinjau dari Motivasi, Disiplin Kerja dan Lingkungan pada PT. Iskandar Indah Printing Textile Surakarta. Jurnal Ilmiah Edunomika, 4(01). https://doi.org/10.29040/jie.v4i01.812
Bernard, O., Amuen, E. &, & Odion, S. (2022). The Impact of Work Environment on Employee Productivity: A Case Study of Business Centers in University of Benin Complex. AJMR 782 Amity Journal of Management Research ADMAA Amity Journal of Management Research, 5(1), 1–19.
Blau, P. M. (1964). Justice in social exchange. Sociological Inquiry, 34(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-682X.1964.tb00583.x
Busro, M. (2018). Teori-teori manajemen sumber daya manusia. Prenada Media.
Chandra, A., Palendeng, I. D., & Kojo, C. (2024). Pengaruh Beban Kerja dan Employee Engagement Terhadap Produktivitas Kerja Karyawan dengan Integritas Sebagai Variabel Moderasi Pada PT. Matahari Department Store, Tbk-Megamall Manado. Jurnal EMBA: Jurnal Riset Ekonomi, Manajemen, Bisnis Dan Akuntansi, 12(4), 109–119. https://doi.org/10.35794/emba.v12i4.58567
Cooper-Thomas, H. D., Xu, J., & M. Saks, A. (2018). The differential value of resources in predicting employee engagement. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 33(4/5), 326–344. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMP-12-2017-0449
Cropanzano, R., & Mitchell, M. S. (2005). Social exchange theory: An interdisciplinary review. Journal of Management, 31(6), 874–900. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206305279602
Dami, W. D., Foeh, J., & Manafe, H. A. (2022). Pengaruh Employee Engagement, Komitmen Organisasi, dan Budaya Organisasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Melalui Kepuasan Kerja Sebagai Variabel Mediasi (Suatu Kajian Studi Literatur Manajemen Sumberdaya Manusia). Jurnal Ilmu Multidisiplin, 1(2), 514–526. https://doi.org/10.38035/jim.v1i2.59
De Jong, J., & Den Hartog, D. (2010). Measuring innovative work behaviour. Creativity and Innovation Management, 19(1), 23–36. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8691.2010.00547.x
Diana, I. N., Supriyanto, A. S., Ekowati, V. M., & Ertanto, A. H. (2021). Factor influencing employee performance: The role of organizational culture. The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 8(2), 545–553. https://doi.org/10.13106/jafeb.2021.vol8.no2.0545
Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95(3), 542. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.95.3.542
Diener, E., Oishi, S., & Tay, L. (2018). Advances in subjective well-being research. Nature Human Behaviour, 2(4), 253–260. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-018-0307-6
Divekar, S., & Kulkarni, S. (2022). Happiness at the Workplace A Study of Happiness at Workplace in an Organisation in Manufacturing segment. Quest Journals Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Science, 10(4), 2321–9467.
Farooq, F., Mohammad, S. S., Nazir, N. A., & Shah, P. A. (2024). Happiness at work: a systematic literature review. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, May. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-08-2023-3902
Faustine, D. (2024). Work Engagement sebagai Mediator Peran Workplace Well-being terhadap Performance pada Karyawan. Psyche 165 Journal, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.35134/jpsy165.v17i1.310
Ghani, B., Hyder, S. I., Yoo, S., & Han, H. (2023). Does employee engagement promote innovation? The Facilitators of innovative workplace behavior via mediation and moderation. Heliyon, 9(11). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21817
Hadi, S., Putra, A. R., & Mardikaningsih, R. (2020). Pengaruh perilaku inovatif dan keterlibatan kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan. Jurnal Baruna Horizon, 3(1), 186–197. https://doi.org/10.52310/jbhorizon.v3i1.38
Herath, H. M. S. S., Herath, H. M. K. K. M. B., Madhusanka, B. G. D. A., & Guruge, L. G. P. K. (2024). Data Protection Challenges in the Processing of Sensitive Data BT - Data Protection: The Wake of AI and Machine Learning (C. Hewage, L. Yasakethu, & D. N. K. Jayakody (eds.); pp. 155–179). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-76473-8_8
Isriadi, T. S., & Zulkarnain, Z. (2012). Kaitan antara Kebahagiaan Pekerja dan Employee Engagement Studi Empirikal. Analitika: Jurnal Magister Psikologi UMA, 4(2), 91–95. https://doi.org/10.31289/analitika.v4i2.781
Kaufman, V. A., Horton, C., Walsh, L. C., & Rodriguez, A. (2022). The Unity of Well-Being: An Inquiry into the Structure of Subjective Well-Being Using the Bifactor Model. International Journal of Applied Positive Psychology, 7(3), 461–486. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41042-022-00077-z
Kossyva, D., Theriou, G., Aggelidis, V., & Sarigiannidis, L. (2023). Outcomes of engagement: A systematic literature review and future research directions. Heliyon, 9(6), e17565. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17565
Kun, A., & Gadanecz, P. (2022). Workplace happiness, well-being and their relationship with psychological capital: A study of Hungarian Teachers. Current Psychology, 41(1), 185–199. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-019-00550-0
Maisyuri, R. S. I., & Ariyanto, E. (2021). The affect of vigor, dedication and absorption on the employee performance at Pt. Mandiri Utama Finance. Dinasti International Journal of Management Science, 2(4), 689–702. https://doi.org/10.31933/dijms.v2i4.819
Mmukherjee, U., & Saritha, S. R. (2024). Happiness at Work: a Systematic Literature Review. International Journal of Research in Engineering Science and Management, 7(5), 38–44. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11180911
Mousa Alriyami, H., Alneyadi, K., Alnuaimi, H., & Kampouris, I. (2024). Employees trust, perceived justice, on task performance: Mediating and moderating role of autonomy and organizational culture. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 104, 103647. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2024.103647
Nurdin, R., Firman, A., & Hamzah, H. M. (2022). Pengaruh Kompetensi, Kepemimpinan, Budaya Organisasi Dan Motivasi Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Sekretariat Daerah Kota Parepare. Ezenza Journal (EJ), 1(1), 114–124. https://e-jurnal.nobel.ac.id/index.php/ej/article/view/3345
Nurimanita, S. (2021). Pengaruh Workplace Happiness dan Person Job Fit Terhadap Komitmen Organisasi Dengan Kepuasan Kerja Sebagai Variabel Pemediasi (Studi Pada Guru Tetap Yayasan SMK Ma’arif 4 Kebumen) Sefani. 1–12.
Parno, Muttalib, A. A., & Nur, M. (2020). The Effect of Managerial Ability and Motivation on Employee Productivity At PT. Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero) Tbk. Kendari Branch Office. Journal of Education, Humaniora and Social Sciences, 3(2), 637–643.
Pavot, W., & and Diener, E. (2008). The Satisfaction With Life Scale and the emerging construct of life satisfaction. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 3(2), 137–152. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760701756946
Rachman, A., Patutie, E., Darmini, N. K., Hasan, R., & Hinta, A. (2024). Manajemen sumber daya manusia. TOHAR MEDIA.
Ramadhani, S., & Soenarto, I. (2023). Penerapan Program Employee Engagement Untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi Kerja Karyawan Pada PT ABC. Jurnal Administrasi Bisnis Terapan, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.7454/jabt.v5i2.1080
Reza, M. (2024). The Influence of Innovative Work Behavior and Work Environment on Employee Performance. Review: Journal of Multidisciplinary in Social Sciences, 1(05), 148–154. https://doi.org/10.59422/rjmss.v1i05.317
Saks, A. M. (2019). Antecedents and consequences of employee engagement revisited. Journal of Organizational Effectiveness: People and Performance, 6(1), 19–38. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOEPP-06-2018-0034
Santoso, D., & Nugraheni, D. (2022). Peran iklim organisasi, kepemimpinan transformational, knowledge sharing dan employee engagement bagi peningkatan perilaku kerja inovatif. Jurnal Riset Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 15(2), 118–132. https://doi.org/10.26623/jreb.v15i2.5298
Schaufeli, W. B., Bakker, A. B., & Salanova, M. (2006). The measurement of work engagement with a short questionnaire: A cross-national study. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 66(4), 701–716. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013164405282471
Schwartz, S. H., & Sortheix, F. (2018). Values and subjective well-being. http://www.nobascholar.com/chapters/51
Shelke, A. U., & Shaikh, N. (2023). Mediating role of workplace happiness in enhancing work engagement. Rajagiri Management Journal, 17(3), 238–253. https://doi.org/10.1108/RAMJ-07-2022-0110
Siregar, Z. M. E., Suryana, E. A., & Senen, S. H. (2019). Factors influencing innovative work behavior: an individual factors perspective. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 8(9), 324–327.
Tsen, M. K., Gu, M., Tan, C. M., & Goh, S. K. (2022). Does flexible work arrangements decrease or increase turnover intention? A comparison between the social exchange theory and border theory. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 42(11–12), 962–983. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSSP-08-2021-0196