Main Article Content
Abstract
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh gaya kepemimpinan transformasional terhadap kinerja pegawai, serta menguji peran motivasi kerja sebagai variabel intervening pada instansi pemerintahan tingkat distrik. Fokus kajian diarahkan pada bagaimana kepemimpinan transformasional memengaruhi motivasi internal pegawai dan dampaknya terhadap pencapaian kinerja organisasi publik.
Metode Penelitian: Pendekatan kuantitatif digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan desain survei eksplanatori. Teknik analisis data menggunakan Structural Equation Modeling berbasis Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) melalui bantuan perangkat lunak SmartPLS. Data diperoleh dari 93 responden yang merupakan pegawai aktif di Kantor Distrik Arso, Kabupaten Keerom, dengan instrumen kuesioner tertutup berbasis skala Likert.
Hasil dan Pembahasan: Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa gaya kepemimpinan transformasional berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap motivasi kerja, serta secara tidak langsung memengaruhi kinerja pegawai melalui motivasi kerja sebagai variabel mediasi. Temuan ini memperkuat peran strategis kepemimpinan yang inspiratif dan humanistik dalam membentuk perilaku kerja positif dan peningkatan efisiensi pegawai sektor publik.
Implikasi: Implikasi praktis dari penelitian ini menekankan pentingnya pelatihan kepemimpinan transformasional bagi pimpinan birokrasi lokal dan penyusunan kebijakan organisasi yang berfokus pada penguatan motivasi kerja sebagai instrumen peningkatan kinerja pegawai secara berkelanjutan.
Keywords
Article Details

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References
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- Alharafsheh, M., Alghizzawi, M., Ezmigna, I., Ezmigna, A. A. R., Darwish, M. Al, & Alawneh, E. (2023). The Relationship Between Transformational Leadership and Public Sector Employees Job Satisfaction During COVID-19. International Journal of Professional Business Review, 8(6), e01535. https://doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2023.v8i6.1535
- Aristana, I., Adhika, I., Rihayana, I. G., & Salain, P. (2024). Transformational Leadership and Employee Performance: Mediation of Organizational Citizenship Behavior. International Journal of Scientific Research and Management (IJSRM), 12, 6579–6590. https://doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v12i06.em02
- Bakker, A. B., Hetland, J., Kjellevold Olsen, O., & Espevik, R. (2023). Daily transformational leadership: A source of inspiration for follower performance? European Management Journal, 41(5), 700–708. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2022.04.004
- Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1994). Transformational Leadership And Organizational Culture. International Journal of Public Administration, 17(3–4), 541–554. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900699408524907
- Boccoli, G., Gastaldi, L., & Corso, M. (2024). Transformational leadership and work engagement in remote work settings: the moderating role of the supervisor’s digital communication skills. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 45(7), 1240–1257. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-09-2023-0490
- Chuang, Y.-T., Chiang, H.-L., & Lin, A.-P. (2025). Full-range leadership, follower envy, and the effects on organizational citizenship behaviors and work deviances. Current Psychology, 44(3), 2018–2032. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-024-07272-y
- Deng, C., Gulseren, D., Isola, C., Grocutt, K., & Turner, N. (2023). Transformational leadership effectiveness: an evidence-based primer. Human Resource Development International, 26(5), 627–641. https://doi.org/10.1080/13678868.2022.2135938
- Donkor, F. (2022). Do Transformational Leaders Affect Employee Performance and Normative Commitment Through General Self-Efficacy? Analysis in Ghanaian Public Sector Organizations. Public Organization Review, 22(3), 707–723. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11115-021-00531-7
- Ekhsan, M., & Setiawan, I. (2021). The Role of Motivation Mediation on the Effect of Transformational Leadership Style on Employee Performance. International Journal of Management Science and Information Technology, 1, 35. https://doi.org/10.35870/ijmsit.v1i1.232
- Engidaw, A. E. (2021). The effect of motivation on employee engagement in public sectors: in the case of North Wollo zone. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 10(1), 43. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-021-00185-1
- Greimel, N. S., Kanbach, D. K., & Chelaru, M. (2023). Virtual teams and transformational leadership: An integrative literature review and avenues for further research. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 8(2), 100351. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2023.100351
- Helalat, A., Sharari, H., Alhelalat, J., & Al-aqrabawi, R. (2025). Transformational Leadership And Employee Performance : A Further Insight Using Work. 13(1), 333–352. https://doi.org/10.2478/eoik-2025-0015
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- Khan, H., Rehmat, M., Butt, T. H., Farooqi, S., & Asim, J. (2020). Impact of transformational leadership on work performance, burnout and social loafing: a mediation model. Future Business Journal, 6(1), 40. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-020-00043-8
- Krisdianti, H., Mulyanti, K., & Junengsih, J. (2024). Pengaruh Gaya Kepempimpinan Transformasional Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Studie Kasus PT. AMF. Indonesian Research Journal on Education, 4(4), 299–303. https://doi.org/10.31004/irje.v4i4.1045
- Latan H & I Ghozali. (2016). Partial Least Square Konsep, Metode dan Aplikasi Menggunakan WarpPLS 5.0 .
- Mangkunegara, A. A. P. (2017). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia, Bandung. Remaja Rosdakarya.
- Manzoor, F., Wei, L., & Asif, M. (2021). Intrinsic rewards and employee’s performance with the mediating mechanism of employee’s motivation. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 563070. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.563070
- Morf, M., & Bakker, A. B. (2024). Ups and downs in transformational leadership: A weekly diary study. European Management Journal, 42(2), 200–210. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2022.12.007
- Nafiudin, Andari, Yoebrilianti, A., & Pratiwi, K. P. A. (2024). Kepemimpinan Transformasional, Budaya Organisasi, dan Motivasi Kerja : Dampaknya Pada Kinerja Pegawai Sektor Publik. Jurnal Akuntansi Manajemen, 3(September), 38–49.
- Noviyanti Wiradhika, Ngatno Ngatno, & Hari Susanta. (2025). Analisis Pengaruh Transformational Leadership dan Work Motivation Terhadap Employee Performance Melalui Job Satifcation di PT Bank BRI Persero TBK Kantor Cabang Cibubur. Jurnal Ekonomi Manajemen Sistem Informasi, 6(5 SE-Articles), 3327–3339. https://doi.org/10.38035/jemsi.v6i5.5167
- Prayudi, A. (2020). Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Transformasional Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Dengan Motivasi Kerja Sebagai Variabel Intervening (Studi Pada Karyawan Pd. Pembangunan Kota Binjai). Jurnal Manajemen, 6(2), 63–72. http://ejournal.lmiimedan.net
- Purnamasari, D., & Utari, W. (2024). Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Transformasional Dan Kompensasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Dengan Motivasi Kerja Sebagai Variabel Intervening Pada Koperasi Jasa Tri Capital Investama. Jurnal Manajerial Bisnis, 7(2), 112–121. https://doi.org/10.37504/jmb.v7i2.611
- Quadri, S. S. A., Anjum, M. R., & Bangash, S. A. (2024). Impact of Leadership Styles on Employee Engagement and Performance in the Public Sector. Journal of Development and Social Sciences, 5(4 SE-Articles), 343–360. https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2024(5-IV)31
- Ramadayanti, S. L. (2023). Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Transformasional dan Stres Kerja terhadap Motivasi Kerja dan Kinerja Karyawan. Journal of Economic, Management and Entrepreneurship, 1(4), 151–162. https://doi.org/10.61502/jemes.v1i4.62
- Robbins, S. P., Judge, T. A., & Campbell, T. T. (2017). Organizational Behavior. Harlow. Pearson Education Limited. http://library.lol/main
- Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Hair, J. F. (2022). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling BT - Handbook of Market Research (C. Homburg, M. Klarmann, & A. Vomberg (eds.); pp. 587–632). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57413-4_15
- Sentoso, A., Mardiana, A., & Yulfiswandi, Y. (2025). Public Sector Performance: The Impact of Transformational Leadership and Public Service Motivation on Organizational Performance as mediated by Organizational Commitment. Dinasti International Journal of Economics, Finance & Accounting, 6, 1910–1919. https://doi.org/10.38035/dijefa.v6i3.4525
- Sitorus, D. R. H., & Agustian, D. (2023). Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Transformasional Terhadap Motivasi Kerja dalam Pandangan New Public Management. Journal Of Administration and Educational Management (ALIGNMENT), 6(1), 13–24. https://doi.org/10.31539/alignment.v6i1.5570
- Udin, U. (2024). Transformational leadership and organizational learning culture in the health sector: The mediating and moderating role of intrinsic work motivation. Work, 77(4), 1125–1134. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-230047
- Udin, U., Dharma, R. D., Dananjoyo, R., & Shaikh, M. (2023). The Role of Transformational Leadership on Employee Performance Through Organizational Learning Culture and Intrinsic Work Motivation. International Journal of Sustainable Development & Planning, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.180125
- Ulpan Palitta, Maryadi, & Muhammad Idris. (2024). Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Transformasional Kompetensi, Dan Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Pada Badan Pendapatan Daerah Kabupaten Luwu. Jurnal Magister Manajemen Nobel Indonesia, 5(1 SE-Articles), 113–127. https://e-jurnal.nobel.ac.id/index.php/JMMNI/article/view/4575
References
Adinata, R. S., & Yunianto, A. (2024). Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Transaksional, Motivasi Kerja Dan Komitmen Organisasional Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan. Jesya (Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Ekonomi Syariah), 7(2 SE-Articles). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36778/jesya.v7i2.1559
Afdani, H., Komar Priatna, D., & Avianti, W. (2024). Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja Dan Motivasi Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Pada Generasi Milenial di Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Jawa Barat. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan Nusantara, 2(4 SE-Articles), 203–212. https://doi.org/10.38035/jpkn.v2i4.976
Agazu, B. G., Kero, C. A., & Debela, K. L. (2025). Transformational leadership and firm performance: a systematic literature review. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 14(1), 29. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-025-00476-x
Alharafsheh, M., Alghizzawi, M., Ezmigna, I., Ezmigna, A. A. R., Darwish, M. Al, & Alawneh, E. (2023). The Relationship Between Transformational Leadership and Public Sector Employees Job Satisfaction During COVID-19. International Journal of Professional Business Review, 8(6), e01535. https://doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2023.v8i6.1535
Aristana, I., Adhika, I., Rihayana, I. G., & Salain, P. (2024). Transformational Leadership and Employee Performance: Mediation of Organizational Citizenship Behavior. International Journal of Scientific Research and Management (IJSRM), 12, 6579–6590. https://doi.org/10.18535/ijsrm/v12i06.em02
Bakker, A. B., Hetland, J., Kjellevold Olsen, O., & Espevik, R. (2023). Daily transformational leadership: A source of inspiration for follower performance? European Management Journal, 41(5), 700–708. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2022.04.004
Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1994). Transformational Leadership And Organizational Culture. International Journal of Public Administration, 17(3–4), 541–554. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900699408524907
Boccoli, G., Gastaldi, L., & Corso, M. (2024). Transformational leadership and work engagement in remote work settings: the moderating role of the supervisor’s digital communication skills. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 45(7), 1240–1257. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-09-2023-0490
Chuang, Y.-T., Chiang, H.-L., & Lin, A.-P. (2025). Full-range leadership, follower envy, and the effects on organizational citizenship behaviors and work deviances. Current Psychology, 44(3), 2018–2032. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-024-07272-y
Deng, C., Gulseren, D., Isola, C., Grocutt, K., & Turner, N. (2023). Transformational leadership effectiveness: an evidence-based primer. Human Resource Development International, 26(5), 627–641. https://doi.org/10.1080/13678868.2022.2135938
Donkor, F. (2022). Do Transformational Leaders Affect Employee Performance and Normative Commitment Through General Self-Efficacy? Analysis in Ghanaian Public Sector Organizations. Public Organization Review, 22(3), 707–723. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11115-021-00531-7
Ekhsan, M., & Setiawan, I. (2021). The Role of Motivation Mediation on the Effect of Transformational Leadership Style on Employee Performance. International Journal of Management Science and Information Technology, 1, 35. https://doi.org/10.35870/ijmsit.v1i1.232
Engidaw, A. E. (2021). The effect of motivation on employee engagement in public sectors: in the case of North Wollo zone. Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 10(1), 43. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-021-00185-1
Greimel, N. S., Kanbach, D. K., & Chelaru, M. (2023). Virtual teams and transformational leadership: An integrative literature review and avenues for further research. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge, 8(2), 100351. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jik.2023.100351
Helalat, A., Sharari, H., Alhelalat, J., & Al-aqrabawi, R. (2025). Transformational Leadership And Employee Performance : A Further Insight Using Work. 13(1), 333–352. https://doi.org/10.2478/eoik-2025-0015
Irfan, M. A., Kojo, C., & Sendow, G. M. (2023). Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Transformasional, Komunikasi Dan Efikasi Diri Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan. Jurnal EMBA: Jurnal Riset Ekonomi, Manajemen, Bisnis Dan Akuntansi, 11(3), 633–643. https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/index.php/emba/article/view/49858
Khan, H., Rehmat, M., Butt, T. H., Farooqi, S., & Asim, J. (2020). Impact of transformational leadership on work performance, burnout and social loafing: a mediation model. Future Business Journal, 6(1), 40. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-020-00043-8
Krisdianti, H., Mulyanti, K., & Junengsih, J. (2024). Pengaruh Gaya Kepempimpinan Transformasional Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Studie Kasus PT. AMF. Indonesian Research Journal on Education, 4(4), 299–303. https://doi.org/10.31004/irje.v4i4.1045
Latan H & I Ghozali. (2016). Partial Least Square Konsep, Metode dan Aplikasi Menggunakan WarpPLS 5.0 .
Mangkunegara, A. A. P. (2017). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia, Bandung. Remaja Rosdakarya.
Manzoor, F., Wei, L., & Asif, M. (2021). Intrinsic rewards and employee’s performance with the mediating mechanism of employee’s motivation. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 563070. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.563070
Morf, M., & Bakker, A. B. (2024). Ups and downs in transformational leadership: A weekly diary study. European Management Journal, 42(2), 200–210. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2022.12.007
Nafiudin, Andari, Yoebrilianti, A., & Pratiwi, K. P. A. (2024). Kepemimpinan Transformasional, Budaya Organisasi, dan Motivasi Kerja : Dampaknya Pada Kinerja Pegawai Sektor Publik. Jurnal Akuntansi Manajemen, 3(September), 38–49.
Noviyanti Wiradhika, Ngatno Ngatno, & Hari Susanta. (2025). Analisis Pengaruh Transformational Leadership dan Work Motivation Terhadap Employee Performance Melalui Job Satifcation di PT Bank BRI Persero TBK Kantor Cabang Cibubur. Jurnal Ekonomi Manajemen Sistem Informasi, 6(5 SE-Articles), 3327–3339. https://doi.org/10.38035/jemsi.v6i5.5167
Prayudi, A. (2020). Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Transformasional Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Dengan Motivasi Kerja Sebagai Variabel Intervening (Studi Pada Karyawan Pd. Pembangunan Kota Binjai). Jurnal Manajemen, 6(2), 63–72. http://ejournal.lmiimedan.net
Purnamasari, D., & Utari, W. (2024). Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Transformasional Dan Kompensasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Dengan Motivasi Kerja Sebagai Variabel Intervening Pada Koperasi Jasa Tri Capital Investama. Jurnal Manajerial Bisnis, 7(2), 112–121. https://doi.org/10.37504/jmb.v7i2.611
Quadri, S. S. A., Anjum, M. R., & Bangash, S. A. (2024). Impact of Leadership Styles on Employee Engagement and Performance in the Public Sector. Journal of Development and Social Sciences, 5(4 SE-Articles), 343–360. https://doi.org/10.47205/jdss.2024(5-IV)31
Ramadayanti, S. L. (2023). Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Transformasional dan Stres Kerja terhadap Motivasi Kerja dan Kinerja Karyawan. Journal of Economic, Management and Entrepreneurship, 1(4), 151–162. https://doi.org/10.61502/jemes.v1i4.62
Robbins, S. P., Judge, T. A., & Campbell, T. T. (2017). Organizational Behavior. Harlow. Pearson Education Limited. http://library.lol/main
Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Hair, J. F. (2022). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling BT - Handbook of Market Research (C. Homburg, M. Klarmann, & A. Vomberg (eds.); pp. 587–632). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57413-4_15
Sentoso, A., Mardiana, A., & Yulfiswandi, Y. (2025). Public Sector Performance: The Impact of Transformational Leadership and Public Service Motivation on Organizational Performance as mediated by Organizational Commitment. Dinasti International Journal of Economics, Finance & Accounting, 6, 1910–1919. https://doi.org/10.38035/dijefa.v6i3.4525
Sitorus, D. R. H., & Agustian, D. (2023). Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Transformasional Terhadap Motivasi Kerja dalam Pandangan New Public Management. Journal Of Administration and Educational Management (ALIGNMENT), 6(1), 13–24. https://doi.org/10.31539/alignment.v6i1.5570
Udin, U. (2024). Transformational leadership and organizational learning culture in the health sector: The mediating and moderating role of intrinsic work motivation. Work, 77(4), 1125–1134. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-230047
Udin, U., Dharma, R. D., Dananjoyo, R., & Shaikh, M. (2023). The Role of Transformational Leadership on Employee Performance Through Organizational Learning Culture and Intrinsic Work Motivation. International Journal of Sustainable Development & Planning, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.180125
Ulpan Palitta, Maryadi, & Muhammad Idris. (2024). Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan Transformasional Kompetensi, Dan Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Pada Badan Pendapatan Daerah Kabupaten Luwu. Jurnal Magister Manajemen Nobel Indonesia, 5(1 SE-Articles), 113–127. https://e-jurnal.nobel.ac.id/index.php/JMMNI/article/view/4575