Main Article Content
Abstract
Purpose: This research aims to explore the multifaceted landscape of digital taxation in the global economy and explain its implications for businesses, consumers, and governments worldwide.
Research Design and Methodology: This research analyzes the challenges and opportunities associated with digital taxes using a comprehensive literature review approach. It adopts a qualitative analysis framework to collate findings from scholarly articles, policy documents, and reports.
Findings and Discussion: This research highlights key themes and relevant perspectives in the digital tax discourse, including its impact on competitiveness, consumer behavior, and enforcement mechanisms. The findings demonstrate the importance of a deeper understanding of the complexities of digital taxes and potential avenues for future research.
Implications: By integrating digital taxes into broader discussions on tax policy and economic governance, policymakers can foster a more inclusive, equitable, and sustainable tax environment in the digital age. The research also emphasizes the importance of cross-disciplinary collaboration and stakeholder engagement in effectively addressing digital tax challenges and opportunities.
Keywords
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References
- Avi-Yonah, R. S., Clausing, K. A., & Devereux, M. P. (2020). Global tax revolution: The rise of tax competition and the battle to defend it. Oxford University Press.
- Avi-Yonah, R. S., Clausing, K. A., & Weisbach, D. (2023). Reforming Taxation of Multinational Corporations in a Global Economy: A Proposal. National Tax Journal, 76(4), 779–806. https://doi.org/10.17310/ntj.2023.4.04
- Avron, J. (2021). Taxing digital transactions: Lessons from the European Union. Tax Notes International, 101(4), 361-372.
- Christians, A. (2019). Digital Services Taxes: A Crossborder Variation on a Theme. Tax Notes International, 96(1), 55–63. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3526683
- Clausing, K. A. (2018). The progressive case for taxing consumption. National Tax Journal, 71(1), 57-83.
- Clausing, K. A. (2023). The Politics and Philosophy of Taxing the Rich. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 37(4), 61–78. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.37.4.61
- Cockfield, A. J. (2018). The political economy of tax treaty negotiation: BEPS and the OECD's international tax agenda. Virginia Tax Review, 37(1), 1-52.
- Cockfield, A. J. (2019). The political economy of digital tax avoidance. Canadian Tax Journal, 67(3), 659-712.
- Cockfield, A. J. (2024). The World Tax Order: Historical Problems, Solutions, and Prospects. World Tax Journal, 16(2), 215–235. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3526683
- Devereux, M., Liu, L., & Loretz, S. (2024). The Elasticity of Corporate Tax Revenues: Evidence from a Panel of OECD Countries. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 16(1), 190–221. https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20170071
- Eden, L. (2021). The implications of digitalization for international taxation. Journal of International Business Studies, 52(3), 348-366.
- Hemmelgarn, T., Thomas, A., & Werner, C. (2023). The Impact of Digitalization on Business Models and Firm Value: A Longitudinal Study of European Firms. Journal of Management Information Systems, 40(1), 236–273. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2022.2042978
- Hemmelgarn, T., Thomas, S., & Papies, D. (2021). The economic impact of the European Union's digital services tax: An applied general equilibrium analysis. CESifo Working Paper No. 8996. https://www.cesifo.org/en/publikationen/2021/working-paper/economic-impact-european-unions-digital-services-tax-applied-general
- Hufbauer, G. C., & Wong, W. (2024). Digital trade and market competition. Peterson Institute for International Economics. https://doi.org/10.3386/w24479
- Johannesen, N., & Zucman, G. (2020). The end of bank secrecy? An evaluation of the G20 tax haven crackdown. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 12(1), 1-32.
- Johannesen, N., & Zucman, G. (2023). The End of Bank Secrecy? An Evaluation of the G20 Tax Haven Crackdown. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 15(4), 192–220. https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20160222
- Keen, M., & Konrad, K. (2022). International tax competition and coordination. Handbook of Public Economics, 5, 257-328.
- Keen, M., & Konrad, K. A. (2022). The Theory of International Tax Competition and Coordination. Economic Policy, 37(1), 221–267. https://doi.org/10.1093/epolic/eiac003
- Mintz, J., & Weiner, J. (2021). Digital services taxes: A targeted approach. International Tax and Public Finance, 28, 1283-1317. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10797-021-09676-1
- Mintz, J., & Weiner, J. (2023). Digital Taxes: Challenges and Opportunities. Canadian Tax Journal, 71(3), 717–747. https://doi.org/10.17310/ctj.2023.3.02
- Mintz, J., & Weiner, J. (2024). Digital services taxes: A targeted approach. International Tax and Public Finance, 28, 1283-1317. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10797-021-09676-1
- OECD. (2022). Tax Challenges Arising from Digitalisation – Report on Pillar One Blueprint. https://doi.org/10.1787/952810ae-en
- Peng, L. (2016). Digital Taxation. Nordic Tax Journal, 2016(1), 53–71. https://doi.org/10.1515/ntaxj-2016-0004
- Smith, A. (2021). Taxing the Digital Economy: Understanding Digital Services Taxes. Bulletin for International Taxation, 75(4), 171–179. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3526683
- Smith, B. (2019). The political economy of international taxation in the digital era: Explaining the rise of digital services taxes. Review of International Political Economy, 26(5), 1062-1083.
- Strauss, H. (2020). Digitalization of the Economy: Challenges and Solutions for Taxation. Intereconomics, 55(5), 303–310. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10272-020-0893-7
References
Avi-Yonah, R. S., Clausing, K. A., & Devereux, M. P. (2020). Global tax revolution: The rise of tax competition and the battle to defend it. Oxford University Press.
Avi-Yonah, R. S., Clausing, K. A., & Weisbach, D. (2023). Reforming Taxation of Multinational Corporations in a Global Economy: A Proposal. National Tax Journal, 76(4), 779–806. https://doi.org/10.17310/ntj.2023.4.04
Avron, J. (2021). Taxing digital transactions: Lessons from the European Union. Tax Notes International, 101(4), 361-372.
Christians, A. (2019). Digital Services Taxes: A Crossborder Variation on a Theme. Tax Notes International, 96(1), 55–63. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3526683
Clausing, K. A. (2018). The progressive case for taxing consumption. National Tax Journal, 71(1), 57-83.
Clausing, K. A. (2023). The Politics and Philosophy of Taxing the Rich. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 37(4), 61–78. https://doi.org/10.1257/jep.37.4.61
Cockfield, A. J. (2018). The political economy of tax treaty negotiation: BEPS and the OECD's international tax agenda. Virginia Tax Review, 37(1), 1-52.
Cockfield, A. J. (2019). The political economy of digital tax avoidance. Canadian Tax Journal, 67(3), 659-712.
Cockfield, A. J. (2024). The World Tax Order: Historical Problems, Solutions, and Prospects. World Tax Journal, 16(2), 215–235. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3526683
Devereux, M., Liu, L., & Loretz, S. (2024). The Elasticity of Corporate Tax Revenues: Evidence from a Panel of OECD Countries. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 16(1), 190–221. https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20170071
Eden, L. (2021). The implications of digitalization for international taxation. Journal of International Business Studies, 52(3), 348-366.
Hemmelgarn, T., Thomas, A., & Werner, C. (2023). The Impact of Digitalization on Business Models and Firm Value: A Longitudinal Study of European Firms. Journal of Management Information Systems, 40(1), 236–273. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.2022.2042978
Hemmelgarn, T., Thomas, S., & Papies, D. (2021). The economic impact of the European Union's digital services tax: An applied general equilibrium analysis. CESifo Working Paper No. 8996. https://www.cesifo.org/en/publikationen/2021/working-paper/economic-impact-european-unions-digital-services-tax-applied-general
Hufbauer, G. C., & Wong, W. (2024). Digital trade and market competition. Peterson Institute for International Economics. https://doi.org/10.3386/w24479
Johannesen, N., & Zucman, G. (2020). The end of bank secrecy? An evaluation of the G20 tax haven crackdown. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 12(1), 1-32.
Johannesen, N., & Zucman, G. (2023). The End of Bank Secrecy? An Evaluation of the G20 Tax Haven Crackdown. American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 15(4), 192–220. https://doi.org/10.1257/pol.20160222
Keen, M., & Konrad, K. (2022). International tax competition and coordination. Handbook of Public Economics, 5, 257-328.
Keen, M., & Konrad, K. A. (2022). The Theory of International Tax Competition and Coordination. Economic Policy, 37(1), 221–267. https://doi.org/10.1093/epolic/eiac003
Mintz, J., & Weiner, J. (2021). Digital services taxes: A targeted approach. International Tax and Public Finance, 28, 1283-1317. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10797-021-09676-1
Mintz, J., & Weiner, J. (2023). Digital Taxes: Challenges and Opportunities. Canadian Tax Journal, 71(3), 717–747. https://doi.org/10.17310/ctj.2023.3.02
Mintz, J., & Weiner, J. (2024). Digital services taxes: A targeted approach. International Tax and Public Finance, 28, 1283-1317. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10797-021-09676-1
OECD. (2022). Tax Challenges Arising from Digitalisation – Report on Pillar One Blueprint. https://doi.org/10.1787/952810ae-en
Peng, L. (2016). Digital Taxation. Nordic Tax Journal, 2016(1), 53–71. https://doi.org/10.1515/ntaxj-2016-0004
Smith, A. (2021). Taxing the Digital Economy: Understanding Digital Services Taxes. Bulletin for International Taxation, 75(4), 171–179. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3526683
Smith, B. (2019). The political economy of international taxation in the digital era: Explaining the rise of digital services taxes. Review of International Political Economy, 26(5), 1062-1083.
Strauss, H. (2020). Digitalization of the Economy: Challenges and Solutions for Taxation. Intereconomics, 55(5), 303–310. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10272-020-0893-7