Main Article Content
Abstract
Purpose: This study examines the impact of tax policies on the growth and competitiveness of SMEs within the national economy. It aims to identify how well-structured tax frameworks, including incentives and simplified systems, can support SME performance and adaptation in an increasingly digital and globalized environment.
Research Design and Methodology: Using a qualitative approach, this study employs a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) methodology to synthesize and critically analyze existing research on SME tax policy. Agency theory is the lens through which to explore the alignment between tax policy design and SME compliance and growth dynamics.
Findings and Discussion: The findings reveal that well-designed tax policies significantly contribute to SME growth by fostering investment capacity, promoting innovation, and reducing administrative burdens. Simplified tax systems and digital tax platforms enhance operational efficiency and competitiveness, enabling SMEs to navigate domestic and international markets more effectively. However, challenges such as information asymmetry, limited resource access, and bureaucratic inefficiencies remain significant barriers. The study highlights the need for adaptive and inclusive tax policies that align with SMEs' unique operational realities, emphasizing the dual role of tax systems as enablers of growth and compliance mechanisms.
Implications: This research provides actionable insights for policymakers to design effective tax frameworks that support SME growth while fostering compliance. It offers practitioners managerial guidance on leveraging tax incentives and navigating regulatory systems. By addressing the challenges identified, this study contributes to sustainable economic development by empowering SMEs to thrive in competitive markets.
Keywords
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
- Abdulhamid, H. (2023). The Effect Of Income Tax On Small Businesses: The Case Of Addis Ketema. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/7765
- Adžić, S., Nestorović, O., Zakić, N., Aničić, D., & Penjišević, A. (2023). The Impact of Tax Policy, System, and Administration on Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in the Republic of Serbia: A Statistical Analysis of the Situation. Eastern European Economics, 61(1), 86–109. https://doi.org/10.1080/00128775.2022.2117196
- Aliano, M., Cestari, G., & Madonna, S. (2024). Sustainable Finance for SMEs: The Role of Capital for Sustainable and Inclusive Growth. Springer Nature.
- Andrews, M. (2013). The limits of institutional reform in development: Changing rules for realistic solutions. Cambridge University Press.
- Antoniuk, L., Gernego, I., Dyba, V., Polishchuk, Y., & Sybirianska, Y. (2017). Barriers and opportunities for hi-tech innovative small and medium enterprises development in the 4th industrial revolution era. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 15(4), 100–113. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.15(4).2017.09
- Beck, T., & Cull, R. (2014). Small-and medium-sized enterprise finance in Africa. Global Economy and Development Program, 16, 1–28.
- Beer, S., De Mooij, R., & Liu, L. (2020). International corporate tax avoidance: A review of the channels, magnitudes, and blind spots. Journal of Economic Surveys, 34(3), 660–688. https://doi.org/10.1111/joes.12305
- Bergner, S., Bräutigam, R., Evers, M., & Spengel, C. (2017). The use of SME tax incentives in the European Union. ZEW-Centre for European Economic Research Discussion Paper, 17–006. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2910339
- Bui, A. T., Pham, T. P., Pham, L. C., & Ta, T. K. Van. (2021). Legal and financial constraints and firm growth: small and medium enterprises (SMEs) versus large enterprises. Heliyon, 7, e08576. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08576
- Çela, S., Gjoni, A., Shehi, F., & Duli, B. (2022). Analysis of the Effect of Simplified Profit Tax on SMEs at the Level of Factual Budgeted Revenues in Albania. Wseas Transactions on Business and Economics, 19, 1507–1516. https://doi.org/10.37394/23207.2022.19.135
- Chugunov, I. Y., & Pasichnyi, M. D. (2018). Fiscal Policy For Economic Development. Scientific Bulletin of Polissia, 13. https://doi.org/10.25140/2410-9576-2018-1-1(13)-54-61
- Daly, S. (2023). Tax systems: adaptability and resilience during a global pandemic. Accounting and Business Research, 53(5), 541–560. https://doi.org/10.1080/00014788.2023.2219151
- de Mooij, R., & Liu, L. (2020). At a Cost: The Real Effects of Transfer Pricing Regulations. IMF Economic Review, 68(1), 268–306. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41308-019-00105-0
- Delbufalo, E., & Bastl, M. (2018). Multi-principal collaboration and supplier’s compliance with codes-of-conduct. The International Journal of Logistics Management, 29(4), 1237–1254. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLM-09-2017-0222
- Fikri, A. R., Ratnasari, R. T., Ahmi, A., & Kirana, K. C. (2022). Market orientation and business performance: the mediating role of total quality management and service innovation among Moslem fashion macro, small and medium enterprises in Indonesia. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 13(8), 1234–1252. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-12-2021-0321
- Gamage, S. K. N., Ekanayake, E. M. S., Abeyrathne, G., Prasanna, R., Jayasundara, J., & Rajapakshe, P. S. K. (2020). A review of global challenges and survival strategies of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Economies, 8(4), 79. https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/105302076/pdf-libre.pdf?1693101491=&response-content-
- Garcia-Bernardo, J., & Janský, P. (2024). Profit shifting of multinational corporations worldwide. World Development, 177, 106527. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2023.106527
- Hebous, S., & Ruf, M. (2017). Evaluating the effects of ACE systems on multinational debt financing and investment. Journal of Public Economics, 156, 131–149. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2017.02.011
- Hesami, S., Jenkins, H. P., & Jenkins, G. P. (2023). Emerging Digital Technologies to Improve Tax Compliance and Administration Efficiency: A Systematic Literature Review. Available at SSRN 4580004. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4580004
- Inegbedion, H. E., Thikan, P. R., David, J. O., Ajani, J. O., & Peter, F. O. (2024). Small and medium enterprise (SME) competitiveness and employment creation: the mediating role of SME growth. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-02434-y
- Jannah, M., Susyanti, J., & Farida, E. (2024). Navigating the Entrepreneurial Landscape: A Qualitative Exploration of SME Success Factors . Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis, 11(2 SE-Articles), 746–769. https://doi.org/10.33096/jmb.v11i2.836
- Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W. H. (1979). Theory of the Firm: Managerial Behavior, Agency Costs, and Ownership Structure BT - Economics Social Institutions: Insights from the Conferences on Analysis & Ideology (K. Brunner (ed.); pp. 163–231). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-9257-3_8
- Kaharuddin, K., Minollah, M., Cahyowati, R., & Nurbani, E. S. (2024). Implementation of Tax Incentive for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises at Special Economic Zone in Indonesia. Volksgeist: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Dan Konstitusi, 263–275. https://doi.org/10.24090/volksgeist.v7i2.11056
- Kraus, S., Ribeiro-Soriano, D., & Schüssler, M. (2018). Fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) in entrepreneurship and innovation research – the rise of a method. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 14(1), 15–33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-017-0461-8
- Lannai, D., Syahban, F. A., Nurfadila, N., Haeruddin, S. H., & Subhan, S. (2023). How Tax Policies and Business Strategies Affect MSME Actors During the Covid-19 Pandemic. Advances in Taxation Research, 1(1 SE-Articles), 13–24. https://doi.org/10.60079/atr.v1i1.5
- Lukovszki, L., Rideg, A., & Sipos, N. (2021). Resource-based view of innovation activity in SMEs: an empirical analysis based on the global competitiveness project. Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal, 31(3), 513–541. https://doi.org/10.1108/CR-01-2020-0018
- Maina, B. (2024). Navigating market conditions: Analysing the systemic challenges and efficient solutions for MSMEs financing in emerging economies—A Kenyan perspective. FH Vorarlberg (Fachhochschule Vorarlberg). https://doi.org/10.25924/opus-5456
- Matikonis, K., & Gobey, M. (2024). Small Business Property Tax Reductions and Firm Productivity. Small Business Economics, 62(1), 307–324. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-023-00768-0
- Mazzarol, T., & Reboud, S. (2017). Small business management. Springer.
- Muslim, M. (2024). E-commerce Taxation: Challenges and Opportunities. Advances in Taxation Research, 2(2 SE-Articles), 78–96. https://doi.org/10.60079/atr.v2i2.280
- Nguyen, T. T. (2020). The Impact of Access to Finance and Environmental Factors on Entrepreneurial Intention: The Mediator Role of Entrepreneurial Behavioural Control. Entrepreneurial Business & Economics Review, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.15678/EBER.2020.080207
- Onu, D., & Oats, L. (2015). The Role of Social Norms in Tax Compliance: Theoretical Overview and Practical Implications. Journal of Tax Administration, 1(1 SE-Reviews), 113–137. https://journals.docuracy.co.uk/jota/article/view/157
- Prasannath, V., Adhikari, R. P., Gronum, S., & Miles, M. P. (2024). Impact of government support policies on entrepreneurial orientation and SME performance. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 20(3), 1533–1595. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-024-00993-3
- Prichard, W., Custers, A. L., Dom, R., Davenport, S. R., & Roscitt, M. A. (2019). Innovations in tax compliance: Conceptual framework. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, 9032. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3485915
- Rizos, V., Behrens, A., Gaast, W. Van Der, Hofman, E., Ioannou, A., Hirschnitz-garbers, M., & Topi, C. (2016). Implementation of Circular Economy Business Models by Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises ( SMEs ): Barriers and Enablers. Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8111212
- Roman, T., Marcu, N., Rusu, V. D., Doacă, E. M., & Siriteanu, A. A. (2023). Tax Payment and the Performance of SMEs: A Longitudinal Analysis on EU Countries. Sustainability, 15(2), 927. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15020927
- Saad, N. (2014). Tax Knowledge, Tax Complexity and Tax Compliance: Taxpayers’ View. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 109, 1069–1075. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.12.590
- Sibarani, P., Fadjarenie, A., Widayati, C., & Tarmidi, D. (2024). Digital tax policies and compliance challenges for MSMEs in Indonesia. Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology, 8(6), 2817–2835. https://doi.org/10.55214/25768484.v8i6.2560
- Sitharam, S., & Hoque, M. (2016). Factors affecting the performance of small and medium enterprises in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.14(2-2).2016.03
- Smulders, S. A. (2006). Taxation compliance burden for small business in South Africa. University of Pretoria (South Africa).
- Thaha, A. R., & Antoro, A. F. S. (2023). Analytical Review of Tax Compliance Studies in the SMEs Sector: A Bibliometric Approach. Journal of Tax Reform, 9(3), 398–412. https://doi.org/10.15826/jtr.2023.9.3.149
- Valerian, K. (2023). Analysis of Factors Influencing Tax Compliance and Non-Tax Compliance Among Small & Medium Enterprises. IAA. http://dspace.iaa.ac.tz:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/2548
- Yoshino, N., & Taghizadeh-Hesary, F. (2018). The role of SMEs in Asia and their difficulties in accessing finance. ADBI Working Paper Series. https://hdl.handle.net/10419/222678
- Zahoor, N., & Lew, Y. K. (2023). Enhancing international marketing capability and export performance of emerging market SMEs in crises: strategic flexibility and digital technologies. International Marketing Review, 40(5), 1158–1187. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMR-12-2021-0350
- Zarghami, S. A. (2025). The role of economic policies in achieving sustainable development goal 7: Insights from OECD and European countries. Applied Energy, 377, 124558. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124558
- Zulvikri, M. (2024). Sinergi UMKM Dan Ekonomi Indonesia: Sebuah Kajian Komprehensif Sebuah Perspektif Dan Implikasi. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Era Digital, 1(2), 255–265. https://doi.org/10.61132/jumabedi.v1i2.139
- Zwick, E., & Mahon, J. (2017). Tax Policy and Heterogeneous Investment Behavior. American Economic Review, 107(1), 217–248. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20140855
References
Abdulhamid, H. (2023). The Effect Of Income Tax On Small Businesses: The Case Of Addis Ketema. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/7765
Adžić, S., Nestorović, O., Zakić, N., Aničić, D., & Penjišević, A. (2023). The Impact of Tax Policy, System, and Administration on Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in the Republic of Serbia: A Statistical Analysis of the Situation. Eastern European Economics, 61(1), 86–109. https://doi.org/10.1080/00128775.2022.2117196
Aliano, M., Cestari, G., & Madonna, S. (2024). Sustainable Finance for SMEs: The Role of Capital for Sustainable and Inclusive Growth. Springer Nature.
Andrews, M. (2013). The limits of institutional reform in development: Changing rules for realistic solutions. Cambridge University Press.
Antoniuk, L., Gernego, I., Dyba, V., Polishchuk, Y., & Sybirianska, Y. (2017). Barriers and opportunities for hi-tech innovative small and medium enterprises development in the 4th industrial revolution era. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 15(4), 100–113. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.15(4).2017.09
Beck, T., & Cull, R. (2014). Small-and medium-sized enterprise finance in Africa. Global Economy and Development Program, 16, 1–28.
Beer, S., De Mooij, R., & Liu, L. (2020). International corporate tax avoidance: A review of the channels, magnitudes, and blind spots. Journal of Economic Surveys, 34(3), 660–688. https://doi.org/10.1111/joes.12305
Bergner, S., Bräutigam, R., Evers, M., & Spengel, C. (2017). The use of SME tax incentives in the European Union. ZEW-Centre for European Economic Research Discussion Paper, 17–006. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2910339
Bui, A. T., Pham, T. P., Pham, L. C., & Ta, T. K. Van. (2021). Legal and financial constraints and firm growth: small and medium enterprises (SMEs) versus large enterprises. Heliyon, 7, e08576. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08576
Çela, S., Gjoni, A., Shehi, F., & Duli, B. (2022). Analysis of the Effect of Simplified Profit Tax on SMEs at the Level of Factual Budgeted Revenues in Albania. Wseas Transactions on Business and Economics, 19, 1507–1516. https://doi.org/10.37394/23207.2022.19.135
Chugunov, I. Y., & Pasichnyi, M. D. (2018). Fiscal Policy For Economic Development. Scientific Bulletin of Polissia, 13. https://doi.org/10.25140/2410-9576-2018-1-1(13)-54-61
Daly, S. (2023). Tax systems: adaptability and resilience during a global pandemic. Accounting and Business Research, 53(5), 541–560. https://doi.org/10.1080/00014788.2023.2219151
de Mooij, R., & Liu, L. (2020). At a Cost: The Real Effects of Transfer Pricing Regulations. IMF Economic Review, 68(1), 268–306. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41308-019-00105-0
Delbufalo, E., & Bastl, M. (2018). Multi-principal collaboration and supplier’s compliance with codes-of-conduct. The International Journal of Logistics Management, 29(4), 1237–1254. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLM-09-2017-0222
Fikri, A. R., Ratnasari, R. T., Ahmi, A., & Kirana, K. C. (2022). Market orientation and business performance: the mediating role of total quality management and service innovation among Moslem fashion macro, small and medium enterprises in Indonesia. Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research, 13(8), 1234–1252. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIABR-12-2021-0321
Gamage, S. K. N., Ekanayake, E. M. S., Abeyrathne, G., Prasanna, R., Jayasundara, J., & Rajapakshe, P. S. K. (2020). A review of global challenges and survival strategies of small and medium enterprises (SMEs). Economies, 8(4), 79. https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/105302076/pdf-libre.pdf?1693101491=&response-content-
Garcia-Bernardo, J., & Janský, P. (2024). Profit shifting of multinational corporations worldwide. World Development, 177, 106527. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2023.106527
Hebous, S., & Ruf, M. (2017). Evaluating the effects of ACE systems on multinational debt financing and investment. Journal of Public Economics, 156, 131–149. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2017.02.011
Hesami, S., Jenkins, H. P., & Jenkins, G. P. (2023). Emerging Digital Technologies to Improve Tax Compliance and Administration Efficiency: A Systematic Literature Review. Available at SSRN 4580004. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4580004
Inegbedion, H. E., Thikan, P. R., David, J. O., Ajani, J. O., & Peter, F. O. (2024). Small and medium enterprise (SME) competitiveness and employment creation: the mediating role of SME growth. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 11(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41599-023-02434-y
Jannah, M., Susyanti, J., & Farida, E. (2024). Navigating the Entrepreneurial Landscape: A Qualitative Exploration of SME Success Factors . Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis, 11(2 SE-Articles), 746–769. https://doi.org/10.33096/jmb.v11i2.836
Jensen, M. C., & Meckling, W. H. (1979). Theory of the Firm: Managerial Behavior, Agency Costs, and Ownership Structure BT - Economics Social Institutions: Insights from the Conferences on Analysis & Ideology (K. Brunner (ed.); pp. 163–231). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-9257-3_8
Kaharuddin, K., Minollah, M., Cahyowati, R., & Nurbani, E. S. (2024). Implementation of Tax Incentive for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises at Special Economic Zone in Indonesia. Volksgeist: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Dan Konstitusi, 263–275. https://doi.org/10.24090/volksgeist.v7i2.11056
Kraus, S., Ribeiro-Soriano, D., & Schüssler, M. (2018). Fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) in entrepreneurship and innovation research – the rise of a method. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 14(1), 15–33. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-017-0461-8
Lannai, D., Syahban, F. A., Nurfadila, N., Haeruddin, S. H., & Subhan, S. (2023). How Tax Policies and Business Strategies Affect MSME Actors During the Covid-19 Pandemic. Advances in Taxation Research, 1(1 SE-Articles), 13–24. https://doi.org/10.60079/atr.v1i1.5
Lukovszki, L., Rideg, A., & Sipos, N. (2021). Resource-based view of innovation activity in SMEs: an empirical analysis based on the global competitiveness project. Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal, 31(3), 513–541. https://doi.org/10.1108/CR-01-2020-0018
Maina, B. (2024). Navigating market conditions: Analysing the systemic challenges and efficient solutions for MSMEs financing in emerging economies—A Kenyan perspective. FH Vorarlberg (Fachhochschule Vorarlberg). https://doi.org/10.25924/opus-5456
Matikonis, K., & Gobey, M. (2024). Small Business Property Tax Reductions and Firm Productivity. Small Business Economics, 62(1), 307–324. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-023-00768-0
Mazzarol, T., & Reboud, S. (2017). Small business management. Springer.
Muslim, M. (2024). E-commerce Taxation: Challenges and Opportunities. Advances in Taxation Research, 2(2 SE-Articles), 78–96. https://doi.org/10.60079/atr.v2i2.280
Nguyen, T. T. (2020). The Impact of Access to Finance and Environmental Factors on Entrepreneurial Intention: The Mediator Role of Entrepreneurial Behavioural Control. Entrepreneurial Business & Economics Review, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.15678/EBER.2020.080207
Onu, D., & Oats, L. (2015). The Role of Social Norms in Tax Compliance: Theoretical Overview and Practical Implications. Journal of Tax Administration, 1(1 SE-Reviews), 113–137. https://journals.docuracy.co.uk/jota/article/view/157
Prasannath, V., Adhikari, R. P., Gronum, S., & Miles, M. P. (2024). Impact of government support policies on entrepreneurial orientation and SME performance. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 20(3), 1533–1595. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-024-00993-3
Prichard, W., Custers, A. L., Dom, R., Davenport, S. R., & Roscitt, M. A. (2019). Innovations in tax compliance: Conceptual framework. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, 9032. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3485915
Rizos, V., Behrens, A., Gaast, W. Van Der, Hofman, E., Ioannou, A., Hirschnitz-garbers, M., & Topi, C. (2016). Implementation of Circular Economy Business Models by Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises ( SMEs ): Barriers and Enablers. Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8111212
Roman, T., Marcu, N., Rusu, V. D., Doacă, E. M., & Siriteanu, A. A. (2023). Tax Payment and the Performance of SMEs: A Longitudinal Analysis on EU Countries. Sustainability, 15(2), 927. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15020927
Saad, N. (2014). Tax Knowledge, Tax Complexity and Tax Compliance: Taxpayers’ View. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 109, 1069–1075. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.12.590
Sibarani, P., Fadjarenie, A., Widayati, C., & Tarmidi, D. (2024). Digital tax policies and compliance challenges for MSMEs in Indonesia. Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology, 8(6), 2817–2835. https://doi.org/10.55214/25768484.v8i6.2560
Sitharam, S., & Hoque, M. (2016). Factors affecting the performance of small and medium enterprises in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.14(2-2).2016.03
Smulders, S. A. (2006). Taxation compliance burden for small business in South Africa. University of Pretoria (South Africa).
Thaha, A. R., & Antoro, A. F. S. (2023). Analytical Review of Tax Compliance Studies in the SMEs Sector: A Bibliometric Approach. Journal of Tax Reform, 9(3), 398–412. https://doi.org/10.15826/jtr.2023.9.3.149
Valerian, K. (2023). Analysis of Factors Influencing Tax Compliance and Non-Tax Compliance Among Small & Medium Enterprises. IAA. http://dspace.iaa.ac.tz:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/2548
Yoshino, N., & Taghizadeh-Hesary, F. (2018). The role of SMEs in Asia and their difficulties in accessing finance. ADBI Working Paper Series. https://hdl.handle.net/10419/222678
Zahoor, N., & Lew, Y. K. (2023). Enhancing international marketing capability and export performance of emerging market SMEs in crises: strategic flexibility and digital technologies. International Marketing Review, 40(5), 1158–1187. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMR-12-2021-0350
Zarghami, S. A. (2025). The role of economic policies in achieving sustainable development goal 7: Insights from OECD and European countries. Applied Energy, 377, 124558. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124558
Zulvikri, M. (2024). Sinergi UMKM Dan Ekonomi Indonesia: Sebuah Kajian Komprehensif Sebuah Perspektif Dan Implikasi. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Era Digital, 1(2), 255–265. https://doi.org/10.61132/jumabedi.v1i2.139
Zwick, E., & Mahon, J. (2017). Tax Policy and Heterogeneous Investment Behavior. American Economic Review, 107(1), 217–248. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20140855