Main Article Content
Abstract
Purpose: This study analyzes the effects of financial scandals on regulatory reforms and their impact on corporate financial decision-making. The research explores how regulatory changes influence financial strategies, focusing on differences in corporate adaptation in developed and developing markets.
Research Design and Methodology: The study employs a qualitative systematic literature review (SLR) approach, synthesizing findings from peer-reviewed journals, books, and reports. The analysis integrates theoretical perspectives, such as agency theory, to comprehensively understand the dynamics between financial scandals, regulatory changes, and corporate financial strategies.
Findings and Discussion: The findings indicate that financial scandals significantly drive regulatory reforms to strengthen transparency and accountability. Companies respond to these reforms by adjusting their capital structure, debt management, and investment strategies. Advanced technologies like blockchain and artificial intelligence (AI) have become pivotal in enhancing compliance and reporting efficiency. However, technological adoption presents challenges, particularly for companies in developing markets that face financial and infrastructure constraints. The study highlights that the success of regulatory reforms depends on robust enforcement mechanisms, stakeholder collaboration, and institutional support. Differences in corporate adaptation underscore the importance of tailored regulatory approaches to balance financial oversight and corporate flexibility.
Implications: The study offers practical insights for policymakers and corporate leaders in formulating regulatory frameworks that foster innovation while maintaining financial integrity. Recommendations include simplifying compliance processes, providing technical guidance, and offering incentives for digitalization. These strategies can enhance corporate resilience and contribute to sustainable economic growth.
Keywords
Article Details

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References
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- Ajayi-Nifise, A. O., Olubusola, O., Falaiye, T., Mhlongo, N. Z., & Daraojimba, A. I. (2024). A review of US financial reporting scandals and their economic repercussions: investigating their broader impact and preventative measures. Finance & Accounting Research Journal, 6(2), 183–201. https://doi.org/10.51594/farj.v6i2.787
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- Aviantara, R. (2023). Scoring the financial distress and the financial statement fraud of Garuda Indonesia with «DDCC» as the financial solutions. Journal of Modelling in Management, 18(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1108/JM2-01-2020-0017
- Broccardo, L., Truant, E., & Argento, D. (2023). Digitalization and Management Control in the Public Sector: What is Next? BT - Handbook of Big Data and Analytics in Accounting and Auditing (T. Rana, J. Svanberg, P. Öhman, & A. Lowe (eds.); pp. 279–308). Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4460-4_13
- Campa, D., Quagli, A., & Ramassa, P. (2023). The roles and interplay of enforcers and auditors in the context of accounting fraud: a review of the accounting literature. Journal of Accounting Literature, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/JAL-07-2023-0134
- Carayannis, E. G., Askounis, D., Andoutropoulou, M., & Zotas, N. (2024). Leveraging AI for Enhanced eGovernment: Optimizing the Use of Open Governmental Data. Journal of the Knowledge Economy. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-024-02317-w
- Cohen, J. R., & Simnett, R. (2015). CSR and Assurance Services: A Research Agenda. AUDITING: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 34(1), 59–74. https://doi.org/10.2308/ajpt-50876
- Culpepper, P. D., Jung, J., & Lee, T. (2024). Banklash: How media coverage of bank scandals moves mass preferences on financial regulation. American Journal of Political Science, 68(2), 427–444.
- Dabla-Norris, E., Misch, F., Cleary, D., & Khwaja, M. (2020). The quality of tax administration and firm performance: evidence from developing countries. International Tax and Public Finance, 27(3), 514–551. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10797-019-09551-y
- De Massis, A., & Foss, N. J. (2018). Advancing family business research: The promise of microfoundations. In Family Business Review (Vol. 31, Issue 4, pp. 386–396). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486518803422
- Farndale, E., Paauwe, J., Boselie, P., & Horak, S. (2024). Corporate Scandals as Punctuating Events That Change Human Resource Roles. Journal of Management, 01492063231226137. https://doi.org/10.1177/01492063231226137
- Ferri, S., & Ricci, F. (2021). The Role of Financial Strategy in Firms: Financing and Investment Decisions BT - Financial Strategies for Distressed Companies: A Critical Analysis and Operational Tools (S. Ferri & F. Ricci (eds.); pp. 47–75). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65752-9_3
- Gong, Q., Gai, L., Wang, Y., Xu, D., & Yang, R. (2025). Approximating Principal-Agent Problem Under Bayesian BT - Frontiers of Algorithmics (B. Li, M. Li, & X. Sun (eds.); pp. 185–198). Springer Nature Singapore.
- Grassi, L., & Lanfranchi, D. (2022). RegTech in public and private sectors: the nexus between data, technology and regulation. Journal of Industrial and Business Economics, 49(3), 441–479. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40812-022-00226-0
- Grossi, G., & Argento, D. (2022). The fate of accounting for public governance development. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 35(9), 272–303. https://doi.org/10.1108/AAAJ-11-2020-5001
- Gupta, P., Hooda, A., Jeyaraj, A., Seddon, J. J. M., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2024). Trust, Risk, Privacy and Security in e-Government Use: Insights from a MASEM Analysis. Information Systems Frontiers. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-024-10497-8
- Habib, A., & Jiang, H. (2015). Corporate governance and financial reporting quality in China: A survey of recent evidence. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, 24, 29–45. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2014.12.002
- Ivaninskiy, I., Ivashkovskaya, I., & McCahery, J. A. (2023). Does digitalization mitigate or intensify the principal-agent conflict in a firm? Journal of Management and Governance, 27(3), 695–725. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10997-021-09584-8
- Karina, A., Nur, M., Molina, M., & Digdowiseiso, K. (2023). A Review of Internal Control and Accountability of Regional Financial Management Literature. Global Journal of Business, Economics & Social Development, 1(2), 101–107.
- Kaserer, C., Mettler, A., & Obernberger, S. (2011). The Impact of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act on the Cost of Going Public. Business Research, 4(2), 125–147. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03342753
- Khan, S., & Kamal, Y. (2024). Corporate board, audit committee and earnings manipulation: does the corporate regulation matter? An emerging economy perspective. Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society, 24(4), 831–864. https://doi.org/10.1108/CG-01-2023-0013
- Kirch, G., & Terra, P. R. (2020). Financial constraints and the interdependence of corporate financial decisions: A cross-country study. RAUSP Management Journal, 55(3), 339–354. https://doi.org/10.1108/RAUSP-01-2019-0003
- Lee, G. J. (2019). Internal Control Strategies for Compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6347
- Lessambo, F. I. (2014). Corporate Governance, Accounting and Auditing Scandals BT - The International Corporate Governance System: Audit Roles and Board Oversight (F. I. Lessambo (ed.); pp. 244–263). Palgrave Macmillan UK. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137360014_19
- McCarthy, J. (2023). The regulation of RegTech and SupTech in finance: ensuring consistency in principle and in practice. Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance, 31(2), 186–199. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFRC-01-2022-0004
- Muslim, M. (2024). Managerial Finance Tactics in the Era of Enhanced Regulation Following Financial Scandals. Advances in Management & Financial Reporting, 2(1 SE-Articles), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.60079/amfr.v2i1.202
- Oseni, K. O. (2024). Barriers facing e-service adopting and implementation at local environment level in Nigeria. ArXiv Preprint ArXiv:2406.15375. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2406.15375
- Panda, B., & Leepsa, N. M. (2017). Agency theory: Review of theory and evidence on problems and perspectives. Indian Journal of Corporate Governance, 10(1), 74–95. https://doi.org/10.1177/0974686217701467
- Pidun, U. (2019). Corporate Financial Strategy BT - Corporate Strategy: Theory and Practice (U. Pidun (ed.); pp. 229–252). Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-25426-1_10
- Qu, X., Yao, D., & Percy, M. (2020). How the Design of CEO Equity-Based Compensation can Lead to Lower Audit Fees: Evidence from Australia. Journal of Business Ethics, 163(2), 281–308. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-018-4031-y
- Ramos, S., & Ellul, J. (2024). Blockchain for Artificial Intelligence (AI): enhancing compliance with the EU AI Act through distributed ledger technology. A cybersecurity perspective. International Cybersecurity Law Review, 5(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1365/s43439-023-00107-9
- Samsor, A. M. (2021). Challenges and Prospects of e-Government implementation in Afghanistan. International Trade, Politics and Development, 5(1), 51–70. https://doi.org/10.1108/ITPD-01-2020-0001
- Schlegel, D., & Kraus, P. (2023). Skills and competencies for digital transformation – a critical analysis in the context of robotic process automation. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 31(3), 804–822. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-04-2021-2707
- Srinivas, S., & Liang, H. (2022). Being digital to being vulnerable: does digital transformation allure a data breach? Journal of Electronic Business & Digital Economics, 1(1/2), 111–137. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEBDE-08-2022-0026
- Subburayan, B., Sankarkumar, A. V., Singh, R., & Mushi, H. M. (2024). Transforming of the Financial Landscape from 4.0 to 5.0: Exploring the Integration of Blockchain, and Artificial Intelligence BT - Applications of Block Chain technology and Artificial Intelligence: Lead-ins in Banking, Finance, and Capital Market (M. Irfan, K. Muhammad, N. Naifar, & M. A. Khan (eds.); pp. 137–161). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47324-1_9
- Sukhwal, P. C., & Kankanhalli, A. (2022). Agent-based Modeling in Digital Governance Research: A Review and Future Research Directions BT - Scientific Foundations of Digital Governance and Transformation: Concepts, Approaches and Challenges (Y. Charalabidis, L. S. Flak, & G. Viale Pereira (eds.); pp. 303–331). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92945-9_12
- Uddin, M. H., Ali, M. H., & Hassan, M. K. (2020). Cybersecurity hazards and financial system vulnerability: a synthesis of literature. Risk Management, 22(4), 239–309. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41283-020-00063-2
- Vander Bauwhede, H., De Meyere, M., & Van Cauwenberge, P. (2015). Financial reporting quality and the cost of debt of SMEs. Small Business Economics, 45(1), 149–164. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-015-9645-1
- Velte, P. (2023). The link between corporate governance and corporate financial misconduct. A review of archival studies and implications for future research. Management Review Quarterly, 73(1), 353–411. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11301-021-00244-7
- Vinten, G. (2002). The corporate governance lessons of Enron. Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society, 2(4), 4–9. https://doi.org/10.1108/14720700210447632
- Yaman, S., & Korkmaz, T. (2022). The Effects of Capital Structure Decisions on Financial Risk and Failure: A Research on BIST Food Companies 1 . In S. Grima, E. Özen, & R. E. D. Gonzi (Eds.), Insurance and Risk Management for Disruptions in Social, Economic and Environmental Systems: Decision and Control Allocations within New Domains of Risk (pp. 117–148). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80117-139-720211007
References
Agostino, D., Saliterer, I., & Steccolini, I. (2022). Digitalization, accounting and accountability: A literature review and reflections on future research in public services. Financial Accountability & Management, 38(2), 152–176. https://doi.org/10.1111/faam.12301
Ajayi-Nifise, A. O., Olubusola, O., Falaiye, T., Mhlongo, N. Z., & Daraojimba, A. I. (2024). A review of US financial reporting scandals and their economic repercussions: investigating their broader impact and preventative measures. Finance & Accounting Research Journal, 6(2), 183–201. https://doi.org/10.51594/farj.v6i2.787
Akash, T. R., Reza, J., & Alam, M. A. (2024). Evaluating financial risk management in corporation financial security systems. World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 23(1), 2203–2213. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2024.23.1.2206
Aviantara, R. (2023). Scoring the financial distress and the financial statement fraud of Garuda Indonesia with «DDCC» as the financial solutions. Journal of Modelling in Management, 18(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1108/JM2-01-2020-0017
Broccardo, L., Truant, E., & Argento, D. (2023). Digitalization and Management Control in the Public Sector: What is Next? BT - Handbook of Big Data and Analytics in Accounting and Auditing (T. Rana, J. Svanberg, P. Öhman, & A. Lowe (eds.); pp. 279–308). Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4460-4_13
Campa, D., Quagli, A., & Ramassa, P. (2023). The roles and interplay of enforcers and auditors in the context of accounting fraud: a review of the accounting literature. Journal of Accounting Literature, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/JAL-07-2023-0134
Carayannis, E. G., Askounis, D., Andoutropoulou, M., & Zotas, N. (2024). Leveraging AI for Enhanced eGovernment: Optimizing the Use of Open Governmental Data. Journal of the Knowledge Economy. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-024-02317-w
Cohen, J. R., & Simnett, R. (2015). CSR and Assurance Services: A Research Agenda. AUDITING: A Journal of Practice & Theory, 34(1), 59–74. https://doi.org/10.2308/ajpt-50876
Culpepper, P. D., Jung, J., & Lee, T. (2024). Banklash: How media coverage of bank scandals moves mass preferences on financial regulation. American Journal of Political Science, 68(2), 427–444.
Dabla-Norris, E., Misch, F., Cleary, D., & Khwaja, M. (2020). The quality of tax administration and firm performance: evidence from developing countries. International Tax and Public Finance, 27(3), 514–551. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10797-019-09551-y
De Massis, A., & Foss, N. J. (2018). Advancing family business research: The promise of microfoundations. In Family Business Review (Vol. 31, Issue 4, pp. 386–396). SAGE Publications Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894486518803422
Farndale, E., Paauwe, J., Boselie, P., & Horak, S. (2024). Corporate Scandals as Punctuating Events That Change Human Resource Roles. Journal of Management, 01492063231226137. https://doi.org/10.1177/01492063231226137
Ferri, S., & Ricci, F. (2021). The Role of Financial Strategy in Firms: Financing and Investment Decisions BT - Financial Strategies for Distressed Companies: A Critical Analysis and Operational Tools (S. Ferri & F. Ricci (eds.); pp. 47–75). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65752-9_3
Gong, Q., Gai, L., Wang, Y., Xu, D., & Yang, R. (2025). Approximating Principal-Agent Problem Under Bayesian BT - Frontiers of Algorithmics (B. Li, M. Li, & X. Sun (eds.); pp. 185–198). Springer Nature Singapore.
Grassi, L., & Lanfranchi, D. (2022). RegTech in public and private sectors: the nexus between data, technology and regulation. Journal of Industrial and Business Economics, 49(3), 441–479. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40812-022-00226-0
Grossi, G., & Argento, D. (2022). The fate of accounting for public governance development. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 35(9), 272–303. https://doi.org/10.1108/AAAJ-11-2020-5001
Gupta, P., Hooda, A., Jeyaraj, A., Seddon, J. J. M., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2024). Trust, Risk, Privacy and Security in e-Government Use: Insights from a MASEM Analysis. Information Systems Frontiers. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-024-10497-8
Habib, A., & Jiang, H. (2015). Corporate governance and financial reporting quality in China: A survey of recent evidence. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, 24, 29–45. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2014.12.002
Ivaninskiy, I., Ivashkovskaya, I., & McCahery, J. A. (2023). Does digitalization mitigate or intensify the principal-agent conflict in a firm? Journal of Management and Governance, 27(3), 695–725. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10997-021-09584-8
Karina, A., Nur, M., Molina, M., & Digdowiseiso, K. (2023). A Review of Internal Control and Accountability of Regional Financial Management Literature. Global Journal of Business, Economics & Social Development, 1(2), 101–107.
Kaserer, C., Mettler, A., & Obernberger, S. (2011). The Impact of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act on the Cost of Going Public. Business Research, 4(2), 125–147. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03342753
Khan, S., & Kamal, Y. (2024). Corporate board, audit committee and earnings manipulation: does the corporate regulation matter? An emerging economy perspective. Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society, 24(4), 831–864. https://doi.org/10.1108/CG-01-2023-0013
Kirch, G., & Terra, P. R. (2020). Financial constraints and the interdependence of corporate financial decisions: A cross-country study. RAUSP Management Journal, 55(3), 339–354. https://doi.org/10.1108/RAUSP-01-2019-0003
Lee, G. J. (2019). Internal Control Strategies for Compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6347
Lessambo, F. I. (2014). Corporate Governance, Accounting and Auditing Scandals BT - The International Corporate Governance System: Audit Roles and Board Oversight (F. I. Lessambo (ed.); pp. 244–263). Palgrave Macmillan UK. https://doi.org/10.1057/9781137360014_19
McCarthy, J. (2023). The regulation of RegTech and SupTech in finance: ensuring consistency in principle and in practice. Journal of Financial Regulation and Compliance, 31(2), 186–199. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFRC-01-2022-0004
Muslim, M. (2024). Managerial Finance Tactics in the Era of Enhanced Regulation Following Financial Scandals. Advances in Management & Financial Reporting, 2(1 SE-Articles), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.60079/amfr.v2i1.202
Oseni, K. O. (2024). Barriers facing e-service adopting and implementation at local environment level in Nigeria. ArXiv Preprint ArXiv:2406.15375. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2406.15375
Panda, B., & Leepsa, N. M. (2017). Agency theory: Review of theory and evidence on problems and perspectives. Indian Journal of Corporate Governance, 10(1), 74–95. https://doi.org/10.1177/0974686217701467
Pidun, U. (2019). Corporate Financial Strategy BT - Corporate Strategy: Theory and Practice (U. Pidun (ed.); pp. 229–252). Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-25426-1_10
Qu, X., Yao, D., & Percy, M. (2020). How the Design of CEO Equity-Based Compensation can Lead to Lower Audit Fees: Evidence from Australia. Journal of Business Ethics, 163(2), 281–308. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-018-4031-y
Ramos, S., & Ellul, J. (2024). Blockchain for Artificial Intelligence (AI): enhancing compliance with the EU AI Act through distributed ledger technology. A cybersecurity perspective. International Cybersecurity Law Review, 5(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1365/s43439-023-00107-9
Samsor, A. M. (2021). Challenges and Prospects of e-Government implementation in Afghanistan. International Trade, Politics and Development, 5(1), 51–70. https://doi.org/10.1108/ITPD-01-2020-0001
Schlegel, D., & Kraus, P. (2023). Skills and competencies for digital transformation – a critical analysis in the context of robotic process automation. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 31(3), 804–822. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-04-2021-2707
Srinivas, S., & Liang, H. (2022). Being digital to being vulnerable: does digital transformation allure a data breach? Journal of Electronic Business & Digital Economics, 1(1/2), 111–137. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEBDE-08-2022-0026
Subburayan, B., Sankarkumar, A. V., Singh, R., & Mushi, H. M. (2024). Transforming of the Financial Landscape from 4.0 to 5.0: Exploring the Integration of Blockchain, and Artificial Intelligence BT - Applications of Block Chain technology and Artificial Intelligence: Lead-ins in Banking, Finance, and Capital Market (M. Irfan, K. Muhammad, N. Naifar, & M. A. Khan (eds.); pp. 137–161). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-47324-1_9
Sukhwal, P. C., & Kankanhalli, A. (2022). Agent-based Modeling in Digital Governance Research: A Review and Future Research Directions BT - Scientific Foundations of Digital Governance and Transformation: Concepts, Approaches and Challenges (Y. Charalabidis, L. S. Flak, & G. Viale Pereira (eds.); pp. 303–331). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92945-9_12
Uddin, M. H., Ali, M. H., & Hassan, M. K. (2020). Cybersecurity hazards and financial system vulnerability: a synthesis of literature. Risk Management, 22(4), 239–309. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41283-020-00063-2
Vander Bauwhede, H., De Meyere, M., & Van Cauwenberge, P. (2015). Financial reporting quality and the cost of debt of SMEs. Small Business Economics, 45(1), 149–164. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-015-9645-1
Velte, P. (2023). The link between corporate governance and corporate financial misconduct. A review of archival studies and implications for future research. Management Review Quarterly, 73(1), 353–411. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11301-021-00244-7
Vinten, G. (2002). The corporate governance lessons of Enron. Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society, 2(4), 4–9. https://doi.org/10.1108/14720700210447632
Yaman, S., & Korkmaz, T. (2022). The Effects of Capital Structure Decisions on Financial Risk and Failure: A Research on BIST Food Companies 1 . In S. Grima, E. Özen, & R. E. D. Gonzi (Eds.), Insurance and Risk Management for Disruptions in Social, Economic and Environmental Systems: Decision and Control Allocations within New Domains of Risk (pp. 117–148). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80117-139-720211007