Main Article Content
Abstract
Purpose: This study investigates the implications of digital government implementation on public sector accounting systems and data security. The purpose is to explore how digital technologies enhance financial management transparency and accountability while addressing the challenges related to data security in public administration.
Research Design and Methodology: The research adopts a qualitative approach using a systematic literature review (SLR) to analyze relevant studies on digital government, accounting systems, and data security. The methodology involved reviewing recent articles and studies to understand the subject comprehensively.
Findings and Discussion: The findings reveal that technologies such as cloud computing, AI, machine learning, and blockchain have significantly improved the efficiency and accuracy of public sector financial reporting. Blockchain enhances transparency by ensuring the immutability of financial transactions. However, the study also highlights challenges such as cybersecurity risks, data breaches, and the need for comprehensive data governance frameworks. The findings emphasize the importance of human resources preparedness and infrastructure readiness to implement digital accounting systems effectively.
Implications: The study’s practical implications suggest that policymakers must invest in secure digital infrastructure, provide continuous training for government employees, and establish strong data governance frameworks. These strategies are critical for ensuring digital government systems' effectiveness, security, and accountability.
Keywords
Article Details

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References
- Agostino, D., Saliterer, I., & Steccolini, I. (2022). Digitalization, accounting and accountability: A literature review and reflections on future research in public services. Financial Accountability & Management, 38(2), 152–176. https://doi.org/10.1111/faam.12301
- Ahmad, W., Vashist, A., Sinha, N., Prasad, M., Shrivastava, V., & Muzamal, J. H. (2025). Enhancing Transparency and Privacy in Financial Fraud Detection: The Integration of Explainable AI and Federated Learning BT - Software and Data Engineering (W. Feng, N. Rahimi, & V. Margapuri (eds.); pp. 139–156). Springer Nature Switzerland.
- Alsharari, N. M., & Ikem, F. (2023). Digital accounting systems and information technology in the public sector: mutual interaction. Journal of Systems and Information Technology, 25(1), 53–73. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSIT-09-2021-0190
- Antipina, O., Kireeva, E., Ilyashevich, N., & Odoeva, O. (2022). Digitalization of Regional Economies in the Context of Innovative Development of the Country BT - Digital and Information Technologies in Economics and Management (A. Gibadullin (ed.); pp. 224–235). Springer International Publishing.
- Barezzani, S. (2019). General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) BT - Encyclopedia of Cryptography, Security and Privacy (S. Jajodia, P. Samarati, & M. Yung (eds.); pp. 1–6). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27739-9_1811-1
- Bouke, M. A. (2023). Security Assessment and Testing BT - CISSP Exam Certification Companion: 1000+ Practice Questions and Expert Strategies for Passing the CISSP Exam (M. A. Bouke (ed.); pp. 485–567). Apress. https://doi.org/10.1007/979-8-8688-0057-3_8
- Broccardo, L., Truant, E., & Argento, D. (2023). Digitalization and Management Control in the Public Sector: What is Next? BT - Handbook of Big Data and Analytics in Accounting and Auditing (T. Rana, J. Svanberg, P. Öhman, & A. Lowe (eds.); pp. 279–308). Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4460-4_13
- Carayannis, E. G., Askounis, D., Andoutropoulou, M., & Zotas, N. (2024). Leveraging AI for Enhanced eGovernment: Optimizing the Use of Open Governmental Data. Journal of the Knowledge Economy. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-024-02317-w
- Cordella, A., & Paletti, A. (2019). Government as a platform, orchestration, and public value creation: The Italian case. Government Information Quarterly, 36(4), 101409. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2019.101409
- Çubuk, E. B. S., Demirdöven, B., & Janssen, M. (2021). Policies for Enhancing Public Trust and Avoiding Distrust in Digital Government During Pandemics: Insights from a Systematic Literature Review BT - Pandemic, Lockdown, and Digital Transformation: Challenges and Opportunities for Public Administration, NGOs, and Businesses (S. Saeed, M. P. Rodríguez Bolívar, & R. Thurasamy (eds.); pp. 1–23). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86274-9_1
- Duan, H. K., Vasarhelyi, M. A., Codesso, M., & Alzamil, Z. (2023). Enhancing the government accounting information systems using social media information: An application of text mining and machine learning. International Journal of Accounting Information Systems, 48, 100600. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accinf.2022.100600
- Fikri, N., Rida, M., Abghour, N., Moussaid, K., & El Omri, A. (2019). An adaptive and real-time based architecture for financial data integration. Journal of Big Data, 6(1), 97. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-019-0260-x
- Gadallah, K. (2023). The Potential Role of Blockchain Technology in Addressing Development Challenges in Developing Countries BT - Cutting-Edge Business Technologies in the Big Data Era (S. G. Yaseen (ed.); pp. 226–236). Springer Nature Switzerland.
- Gauld, R. (2018). Principal-Agent Theory of Organizations BT - Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance (A. Farazmand (ed.); pp. 4914–4918). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20928-9_72
- Gong, Q., Gai, L., Wang, Y., Xu, D., & Yang, R. (2025). Approximating Principal-Agent Problem Under Bayesian BT - Frontiers of Algorithmics (B. Li, M. Li, & X. Sun (eds.); pp. 185–198). Springer Nature Singapore.
- Grossi, G., & Argento, D. (2022). The fate of accounting for public governance development. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 35(9), 272–303. https://doi.org/10.1108/AAAJ-11-2020-5001
- Gupta, P., Hooda, A., Jeyaraj, A., Seddon, J. J. M., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2024). Trust, Risk, Privacy and Security in e-Government Use: Insights from a MASEM Analysis. Information Systems Frontiers. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-024-10497-8
- Haapamäki, E., & Sihvonen, J. (2019). Cybersecurity in accounting research. Managerial Auditing Journal, 34(7), 808–834. https://doi.org/10.1108/MAJ-09-2018-2004
- Huang, R., Wang, C., Zhang, X., Wu, D., & Xie, Q. (2019). Design, develop and evaluate an open government data platform: a user-centred approach. The Electronic Library, 37(3), 550–562. https://doi.org/10.1108/EL-02-2019-0037
- Ibrahim, A. G., & Tahir, K. M. (2024). The impact of digital accounting technologies in achieving the quality of accounting InformationAmmar. 2024 V International Conference on Neural Networks and Neurotechnologies (NeuroNT), 53–57. https://doi.org/10.1109/NeuroNT62606.2024.10585430
- Ivaninskiy, I., Ivashkovskaya, I., & McCahery, J. A. (2023). Does digitalization mitigate or intensify the principal-agent conflict in a firm? Journal of Management and Governance, 27(3), 695–725. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10997-021-09584-8
- Kumar, D. P. (2024). The Impact of Digital Technologies on E-Governance: A Comprehensive Analysis BT - Transfer, Diffusion and Adoption of Next-Generation Digital Technologies (S. K. Sharma, Y. K. Dwivedi, B. Metri, B. Lal, & A. Elbanna (eds.); pp. 367–378). Springer Nature Switzerland.
- Matheus, R., Janssen, M., & Maheshwari, D. (2020). Data science empowering the public: Data-driven dashboards for transparent and accountable decision-making in smart cities. Government Information Quarterly, 37(3), 101284. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2018.01.006
- Meijer, A., & Bolívar, M. P. R. (2016). Governing the smart city: a review of the literature on smart urban governance. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 82(2), 392–408. https://doi.org/10.1177/002085231456430
- Mesarčík, M., & Hamuľák, O. (2024). General Data Protection Regulation: Current Challenges and Future Directions BT - E-Governance in the European Union: Strategies, Tools, and Implementation (D. Ramiro Troitiño (ed.); pp. 117–133). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56045-3_9
- Mikhalkina, E. V, Chernova, O. A., & Gozalova, A. V. (2020). Digitalization and the Principal-Agent Problem in the Higher Education BT - Digital Future Economic Growth, Social Adaptation, and Technological Perspectives (T. Kolmykova & E. V Kharchenko (eds.); pp. 659–665). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39797-5_64
- Novichenko, L., Koverninska, Y., & Shysh, A. (2024). On the implementation of digital technologies in accounting and financial analysis. Economics Finances Law, 5, 53–58. https://doi.org/10.37634/efp.2024.5.10
- Ogbanufe, O. M., & Baham, C. (2023). Using Multi-Factor Authentication for Online Account Security: Examining the Influence of Anticipated Regret. Information Systems Frontiers, 25(2), 897–916. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-022-10278-1
- Oseni, K. O. (2024). Barriers facing e-service adopting and implementation at local environment level in Nigeria. ArXiv Preprint ArXiv:2406.15375. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2406.15375
- Panggeso, A. G., Nirwana, & Haliah. (2024). Transparency and Accountability in Public Financial Reporting: Implementation and Challenges in the Digital Era: A Systematic Literature Review. International Journal of Business and Applied Economics, 3(6 SE-Articles), 979–990. https://doi.org/10.55927/ijbae.v3i6.11875
- Prasetianingrum, S., & Sonjaya, Y. (2024). The Evolution of Digital Accounting and Accounting Information Systems in the Modern Business Landscape. Advances in Applied Accounting Research, 2(1 SE-), 39–53. https://doi.org/10.60079/aaar.v2i1.165
- Ramos, S., & Ellul, J. (2024). Blockchain for Artificial Intelligence (AI): enhancing compliance with the EU AI Act through distributed ledger technology. A cybersecurity perspective. International Cybersecurity Law Review, 5(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1365/s43439-023-00107-9
- Roggenkamp, L. (2023). Potentials of Blockchain Technology for Developing Countries BT - Chances and Challenges of Digital Management (R. C. Geibel & S. Machavariani (eds.); pp. 77–90). Springer Nature Switzerland.
- Samsor, A. M. (2021). Challenges and Prospects of e-Government implementation in Afghanistan. International Trade, Politics and Development, 5(1), 51–70. https://doi.org/10.1108/ITPD-01-2020-0001
- Schlegel, D., & Kraus, P. (2023). Skills and competencies for digital transformation – a critical analysis in the context of robotic process automation. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 31(3), 804–822. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-04-2021-2707
- Secinaro, S., Dal Mas, F., Brescia, V., & Calandra, D. (2022). Blockchain in the accounting, auditing and accountability fields: a bibliometric and coding analysis. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 35(9), 168–203. https://doi.org/10.1108/AAAJ-10-2020-4987
- Sharma, S. (2020). The Future of Data Privacy. In Data Privacy and GDPR Handbook (pp. 407–412). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119594307.ch13
- Shibambu, A., & Ngoepe, M. (2024). Enhancing service delivery through digital transformation in the public sector in South Africa. Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/GKMC-12-2023-0476
- Sonjaya, Y. (2024). Evolving Perspectives on Public Sector Accounting Practices. Advances in Applied Accounting Research, 2(2 SE-). https://doi.org/10.60079/aaar.v2i2.175
- Srinivas, S., & Liang, H. (2022). Being digital to being vulnerable: does digital transformation allure a data breach? Journal of Electronic Business & Digital Economics, 1(1/2), 111–137. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEBDE-08-2022-0026
- Sukhwal, P. C., & Kankanhalli, A. (2022). Agent-based Modeling in Digital Governance Research: A Review and Future Research Directions BT - Scientific Foundations of Digital Governance and Transformation: Concepts, Approaches and Challenges (Y. Charalabidis, L. S. Flak, & G. Viale Pereira (eds.); pp. 303–331). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92945-9_12
- Tyma, B., Dhillon, R., Sivabalan, P., & Wieder, B. (2022). Understanding accountability in blockchain systems. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 35(7), 1625–1655. https://doi.org/10.1108/AAAJ-07-2020-4713
- Uddin, M. H., Ali, M. H., & Hassan, M. K. (2020). Cybersecurity hazards and financial system vulnerability: a synthesis of literature. Risk Management, 22(4), 239–309. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41283-020-00063-2
- Wirtz, B. W. (2022). Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, Cloud Computing, and Internet of Things BT - Digital Government: Strategy, Government Models and Technology (B. W. Wirtz (ed.); pp. 175–245). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13086-1_6
- Yang, X. (2024). Optimizing Accounting Informatization through Simultaneous Multi-Tasking across Edge and Cloud Devices using Hybrid Machine Learning Models. Journal of Grid Computing, 22(1), 12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10723-023-09735-1
References
Agostino, D., Saliterer, I., & Steccolini, I. (2022). Digitalization, accounting and accountability: A literature review and reflections on future research in public services. Financial Accountability & Management, 38(2), 152–176. https://doi.org/10.1111/faam.12301
Ahmad, W., Vashist, A., Sinha, N., Prasad, M., Shrivastava, V., & Muzamal, J. H. (2025). Enhancing Transparency and Privacy in Financial Fraud Detection: The Integration of Explainable AI and Federated Learning BT - Software and Data Engineering (W. Feng, N. Rahimi, & V. Margapuri (eds.); pp. 139–156). Springer Nature Switzerland.
Alsharari, N. M., & Ikem, F. (2023). Digital accounting systems and information technology in the public sector: mutual interaction. Journal of Systems and Information Technology, 25(1), 53–73. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSIT-09-2021-0190
Antipina, O., Kireeva, E., Ilyashevich, N., & Odoeva, O. (2022). Digitalization of Regional Economies in the Context of Innovative Development of the Country BT - Digital and Information Technologies in Economics and Management (A. Gibadullin (ed.); pp. 224–235). Springer International Publishing.
Barezzani, S. (2019). General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) BT - Encyclopedia of Cryptography, Security and Privacy (S. Jajodia, P. Samarati, & M. Yung (eds.); pp. 1–6). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27739-9_1811-1
Bouke, M. A. (2023). Security Assessment and Testing BT - CISSP Exam Certification Companion: 1000+ Practice Questions and Expert Strategies for Passing the CISSP Exam (M. A. Bouke (ed.); pp. 485–567). Apress. https://doi.org/10.1007/979-8-8688-0057-3_8
Broccardo, L., Truant, E., & Argento, D. (2023). Digitalization and Management Control in the Public Sector: What is Next? BT - Handbook of Big Data and Analytics in Accounting and Auditing (T. Rana, J. Svanberg, P. Öhman, & A. Lowe (eds.); pp. 279–308). Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4460-4_13
Carayannis, E. G., Askounis, D., Andoutropoulou, M., & Zotas, N. (2024). Leveraging AI for Enhanced eGovernment: Optimizing the Use of Open Governmental Data. Journal of the Knowledge Economy. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-024-02317-w
Cordella, A., & Paletti, A. (2019). Government as a platform, orchestration, and public value creation: The Italian case. Government Information Quarterly, 36(4), 101409. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2019.101409
Çubuk, E. B. S., Demirdöven, B., & Janssen, M. (2021). Policies for Enhancing Public Trust and Avoiding Distrust in Digital Government During Pandemics: Insights from a Systematic Literature Review BT - Pandemic, Lockdown, and Digital Transformation: Challenges and Opportunities for Public Administration, NGOs, and Businesses (S. Saeed, M. P. Rodríguez Bolívar, & R. Thurasamy (eds.); pp. 1–23). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86274-9_1
Duan, H. K., Vasarhelyi, M. A., Codesso, M., & Alzamil, Z. (2023). Enhancing the government accounting information systems using social media information: An application of text mining and machine learning. International Journal of Accounting Information Systems, 48, 100600. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accinf.2022.100600
Fikri, N., Rida, M., Abghour, N., Moussaid, K., & El Omri, A. (2019). An adaptive and real-time based architecture for financial data integration. Journal of Big Data, 6(1), 97. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40537-019-0260-x
Gadallah, K. (2023). The Potential Role of Blockchain Technology in Addressing Development Challenges in Developing Countries BT - Cutting-Edge Business Technologies in the Big Data Era (S. G. Yaseen (ed.); pp. 226–236). Springer Nature Switzerland.
Gauld, R. (2018). Principal-Agent Theory of Organizations BT - Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance (A. Farazmand (ed.); pp. 4914–4918). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-20928-9_72
Gong, Q., Gai, L., Wang, Y., Xu, D., & Yang, R. (2025). Approximating Principal-Agent Problem Under Bayesian BT - Frontiers of Algorithmics (B. Li, M. Li, & X. Sun (eds.); pp. 185–198). Springer Nature Singapore.
Grossi, G., & Argento, D. (2022). The fate of accounting for public governance development. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 35(9), 272–303. https://doi.org/10.1108/AAAJ-11-2020-5001
Gupta, P., Hooda, A., Jeyaraj, A., Seddon, J. J. M., & Dwivedi, Y. K. (2024). Trust, Risk, Privacy and Security in e-Government Use: Insights from a MASEM Analysis. Information Systems Frontiers. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-024-10497-8
Haapamäki, E., & Sihvonen, J. (2019). Cybersecurity in accounting research. Managerial Auditing Journal, 34(7), 808–834. https://doi.org/10.1108/MAJ-09-2018-2004
Huang, R., Wang, C., Zhang, X., Wu, D., & Xie, Q. (2019). Design, develop and evaluate an open government data platform: a user-centred approach. The Electronic Library, 37(3), 550–562. https://doi.org/10.1108/EL-02-2019-0037
Ibrahim, A. G., & Tahir, K. M. (2024). The impact of digital accounting technologies in achieving the quality of accounting InformationAmmar. 2024 V International Conference on Neural Networks and Neurotechnologies (NeuroNT), 53–57. https://doi.org/10.1109/NeuroNT62606.2024.10585430
Ivaninskiy, I., Ivashkovskaya, I., & McCahery, J. A. (2023). Does digitalization mitigate or intensify the principal-agent conflict in a firm? Journal of Management and Governance, 27(3), 695–725. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10997-021-09584-8
Kumar, D. P. (2024). The Impact of Digital Technologies on E-Governance: A Comprehensive Analysis BT - Transfer, Diffusion and Adoption of Next-Generation Digital Technologies (S. K. Sharma, Y. K. Dwivedi, B. Metri, B. Lal, & A. Elbanna (eds.); pp. 367–378). Springer Nature Switzerland.
Matheus, R., Janssen, M., & Maheshwari, D. (2020). Data science empowering the public: Data-driven dashboards for transparent and accountable decision-making in smart cities. Government Information Quarterly, 37(3), 101284. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.giq.2018.01.006
Meijer, A., & Bolívar, M. P. R. (2016). Governing the smart city: a review of the literature on smart urban governance. International Review of Administrative Sciences, 82(2), 392–408. https://doi.org/10.1177/002085231456430
Mesarčík, M., & Hamuľák, O. (2024). General Data Protection Regulation: Current Challenges and Future Directions BT - E-Governance in the European Union: Strategies, Tools, and Implementation (D. Ramiro Troitiño (ed.); pp. 117–133). Springer Nature Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56045-3_9
Mikhalkina, E. V, Chernova, O. A., & Gozalova, A. V. (2020). Digitalization and the Principal-Agent Problem in the Higher Education BT - Digital Future Economic Growth, Social Adaptation, and Technological Perspectives (T. Kolmykova & E. V Kharchenko (eds.); pp. 659–665). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39797-5_64
Novichenko, L., Koverninska, Y., & Shysh, A. (2024). On the implementation of digital technologies in accounting and financial analysis. Economics Finances Law, 5, 53–58. https://doi.org/10.37634/efp.2024.5.10
Ogbanufe, O. M., & Baham, C. (2023). Using Multi-Factor Authentication for Online Account Security: Examining the Influence of Anticipated Regret. Information Systems Frontiers, 25(2), 897–916. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-022-10278-1
Oseni, K. O. (2024). Barriers facing e-service adopting and implementation at local environment level in Nigeria. ArXiv Preprint ArXiv:2406.15375. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2406.15375
Panggeso, A. G., Nirwana, & Haliah. (2024). Transparency and Accountability in Public Financial Reporting: Implementation and Challenges in the Digital Era: A Systematic Literature Review. International Journal of Business and Applied Economics, 3(6 SE-Articles), 979–990. https://doi.org/10.55927/ijbae.v3i6.11875
Prasetianingrum, S., & Sonjaya, Y. (2024). The Evolution of Digital Accounting and Accounting Information Systems in the Modern Business Landscape. Advances in Applied Accounting Research, 2(1 SE-), 39–53. https://doi.org/10.60079/aaar.v2i1.165
Ramos, S., & Ellul, J. (2024). Blockchain for Artificial Intelligence (AI): enhancing compliance with the EU AI Act through distributed ledger technology. A cybersecurity perspective. International Cybersecurity Law Review, 5(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1365/s43439-023-00107-9
Roggenkamp, L. (2023). Potentials of Blockchain Technology for Developing Countries BT - Chances and Challenges of Digital Management (R. C. Geibel & S. Machavariani (eds.); pp. 77–90). Springer Nature Switzerland.
Samsor, A. M. (2021). Challenges and Prospects of e-Government implementation in Afghanistan. International Trade, Politics and Development, 5(1), 51–70. https://doi.org/10.1108/ITPD-01-2020-0001
Schlegel, D., & Kraus, P. (2023). Skills and competencies for digital transformation – a critical analysis in the context of robotic process automation. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 31(3), 804–822. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-04-2021-2707
Secinaro, S., Dal Mas, F., Brescia, V., & Calandra, D. (2022). Blockchain in the accounting, auditing and accountability fields: a bibliometric and coding analysis. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 35(9), 168–203. https://doi.org/10.1108/AAAJ-10-2020-4987
Sharma, S. (2020). The Future of Data Privacy. In Data Privacy and GDPR Handbook (pp. 407–412). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119594307.ch13
Shibambu, A., & Ngoepe, M. (2024). Enhancing service delivery through digital transformation in the public sector in South Africa. Global Knowledge, Memory and Communication, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/GKMC-12-2023-0476
Sonjaya, Y. (2024). Evolving Perspectives on Public Sector Accounting Practices. Advances in Applied Accounting Research, 2(2 SE-). https://doi.org/10.60079/aaar.v2i2.175
Srinivas, S., & Liang, H. (2022). Being digital to being vulnerable: does digital transformation allure a data breach? Journal of Electronic Business & Digital Economics, 1(1/2), 111–137. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEBDE-08-2022-0026
Sukhwal, P. C., & Kankanhalli, A. (2022). Agent-based Modeling in Digital Governance Research: A Review and Future Research Directions BT - Scientific Foundations of Digital Governance and Transformation: Concepts, Approaches and Challenges (Y. Charalabidis, L. S. Flak, & G. Viale Pereira (eds.); pp. 303–331). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92945-9_12
Tyma, B., Dhillon, R., Sivabalan, P., & Wieder, B. (2022). Understanding accountability in blockchain systems. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 35(7), 1625–1655. https://doi.org/10.1108/AAAJ-07-2020-4713
Uddin, M. H., Ali, M. H., & Hassan, M. K. (2020). Cybersecurity hazards and financial system vulnerability: a synthesis of literature. Risk Management, 22(4), 239–309. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41283-020-00063-2
Wirtz, B. W. (2022). Artificial Intelligence, Big Data, Cloud Computing, and Internet of Things BT - Digital Government: Strategy, Government Models and Technology (B. W. Wirtz (ed.); pp. 175–245). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-13086-1_6
Yang, X. (2024). Optimizing Accounting Informatization through Simultaneous Multi-Tasking across Edge and Cloud Devices using Hybrid Machine Learning Models. Journal of Grid Computing, 22(1), 12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10723-023-09735-1