Main Article Content
Abstract
Purpose: This study examines how knowledge management, work culture, and intellectual integrity are translated into employee performance through job satisfaction in the hotel sector, with a focus on high-contact service environments.
Research Method: An explanatory survey reached 235 permanent employees of three-star hotels in Batam, Indonesia, sampled proportionately from a frame of 566. All five constructs were modelled as second-order latent variables in LISREL 8.70.
Results and Discussion: The results indicate that knowledge management, work culture, and intellectual integrity are positively associated with job satisfaction. In turn, job satisfaction demonstrates a strong relationship with employee performance. The model explains 57% of the variance in job satisfaction and 86% of the variance in employee performance. Indirect effects show consistent partial mediation, indicating that job satisfaction functions as a central mechanism through which organisational resources are translated into performance outcomes.
Implications: Job satisfaction warrants managerial attention as the mechanism linking resource investment to employee performance, not as a by-product of human resource practice. Existing studies have largely examined knowledge management, work culture, and ethical constructs in isolation, with limited explanation of how these heterogeneous resources are jointly translated into performance. This study addresses this gap by proposing a unified conversion-based framework centred on job satisfaction as a common mechanism. It further positions intellectual integrity as a distinct individual-level epistemic resource, extending established ethical perspectives in hospitality research.
Keywords
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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References
Abawa, A., & Obse, H. (2024). Organizational culture and organizational performance: Does job satisfaction mediate the relationship? Cogent Business & Management, 11(1), 2324127. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2324127
Aboramadan, M., Albashiti, B., Alharazin, H., & Zaidoune, S. (2020). Organizational culture, innovation and performance: A study from a non-western context. Journal of Management Development, 39(4), 437–451. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-06-2019-0253
Agarwal, P. (2021). Shattered but smiling: Human resource management and the wellbeing of hotel employees during COVID-19. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 93, 102765. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102765
Ali Ababneh, O. M., Awwad, A. S., & Abu-Haija, A. (2021). The association between green human resources practices and employee engagement with environmental initiatives in hotels: The moderation effect of perceived transformational leadership. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, 20(3), 390–416. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332845.2021.1923918
Anand, A., Offergelt, F., & Anand, P. (2022). Knowledge hiding — A systematic review and research agenda. Journal of Knowledge Management, 26(6), 1438–1457. https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-04-2021-0336
Barkat, W., Waris, I., & Ahmed, R. (2024). Transformational leadership and frontline managers' work engagement, innovative work behavior, organizational citizenship behavior, and employee sustainability in the hotel industry in Pakistan. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism, 23(2), 315–336. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332845.2024.2282217
Bhardwaj, B., & Kalia, N. (2021). Contextual and task performance: role of employee engagement and organizational culture in hospitality industry. VILAKSHAN – XIMB Journal of Management, 18(2), 187–201. https://doi.org/10.1108/XJM-08-2020-0089
Brougham, D., & Haar, J. (2020). Technological disruption and employment: The influence on job insecurity and turnover intentions — A multi-country study. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 161, 120276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120276
Cain, L., Kitterlin-Lynch, M., Cain, C., & Agrusa, J. (2020). Heavy alcohol use, job satisfaction, and job escapism drinking among foodservice employees: A comparative analysis. International Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Administration, 21(3), 287–307. https://doi.org/10.1080/15256480.2018.1478355
Cajander, N., & Reiman, A. (2024). Aligning expectations with real-world experiences: a talent management study on the restaurant industry in Finland. Employee Relations: The International Journal, 46(9), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1108/ER-07-2023-0347
Cao, Z., Cham, H., Stiver, J., & Rivera Mindt, M. (2023). Effect size measure for mediation analysis with a multicategorical predictor. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1101440. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1101440
Cavicchia, C., & Vichi, M. (2021). Second-order disjoint factor analysis. Psychometrika, 86(4), 913–934. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11336-021-09799-6
Chacko, S., & Conway, N. (2019). Employee experiences of HRM through daily affective events and their effects on perceived event-signaled HRM system strength, expectancy perceptions, and daily work engagement. Human Resource Management Journal, 29(3), 433–450. https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12236
Chatterjee, S., Rana, N. P., Dwivedi, Y. K., & Baabdullah, A. M. (2021). The role of knowledge-oriented leadership in promoting workforce agility: A study of IT professionals in India. Journal of Business Research, 131, 295–306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.01.048
Chiaburu, D. S., Oh, I.-S., Stoverink, A. C., Park, H., Bradley, C., & Barros-Rivera, B. A. (2022). Happy to help, happy to change? A meta-analysis of major predictors of affiliative and change-oriented organizational citizenship behaviors. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 132, 103664. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2021.103664
DiPietro, R. B., Moreo, A., & Cain, L. (2020). Well-being, affective commitment and job satisfaction: Influences on turnover intentions in casual dining employees. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 29(2), 139–163. https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2019.1605956
Dishon-Berkovits, M., Bakker, A. B., & Peters, P. (2024). Playful work design, engagement and performance: The moderating roles of boredom and conscientiousness. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 35(2), 256–283. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2023.2227920
Elgin, C. Z. (2017). Intellectual integrity. In True enough (pp. 123–150). MIT Press. https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262036535.003.0006
Franzoni, S., Sarwar, H., & Ishaq, M. I. (2021). The mediating role of HRM in the relationship between CSR and performance in the hospitality industry. Sustainability, 13(24), 13699. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132413699
Frye, W. D., Kang, S., Huh, C., & Lee, M. J. (2020). What factors influence Generation Y's employee retention in the hospitality industry? An internal marketing approach. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 85, 102352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2019.102352
Gencer, G., Atay, H., Gurdogan, A., & Colakoglu, U. (2023). The relationship between organizational culture, organizational silence and job performance in hotels: The case of Kuşadası. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, 6(1), 70–89. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTI-01-2021-0001
Guan, X., Yeh, S. S., Chiang, T. Y., & Huan, T. C. (2020). Does organizational inducement foster work engagement in hospitality industry? Perspectives from a moderated mediation model. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 43, 259–268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2020.04.010
Gupta, S., Kushwaha, P. S., & Badhera, U. (2024). Managing tourism and hospitality industry during pandemic: Analysis of challenges and strategies for survival. Benchmarking: An International Journal, 32(4). https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-11-2023-0806
Haldorai, K., Kim, W. G., & Phetvaroon, K. (2024). Job insecurity and survivor workplace behavior following COVID-19 layoff. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 36(1), 329–346. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-03-2022-0289
Hewagama, G., Boxall, P., Cheung, G., & Hutchison, A. (2019). Service recovery through empowerment? HRM, employee performance and job satisfaction in hotels. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 81, 73–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2019.03.006
Ho, H., & Kuvaas, B. (2020). Human resource management systems, employee well-being, and firm performance from the mutual gains and critical perspectives: The well-being paradox. Human Resource Management, 59(3), 235–253. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.21990
Ho, K. L., Mäkikangas, A., Kerksieck, P., Morstatt, A. I., de Bloom, J., & Bauer, G. F. (2024). Job and off-job crafting profiles: Time-lagged relationships with job, home and personal resources and well-being outcomes. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 97(3), 952–976. https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12506
Huang, L., & Tsai, H. (2024). The effects of recovery experiences on hotel employees' subjective well-being, organizational citizenship behavior, and task performance. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 121, 103798. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2024.103798
Kavalić, M., Stanisavljev, S., Mirkov, S., Rajković, J., Stojanović, E. T., Milosavljev, D., & Nikolić, M. (2023). Modeling knowledge management for job satisfaction improvement. Knowledge and Process Management, 30(2), 176–190. https://doi.org/10.1002/kpm.1721
Kwon, I. S., Lee, G. E., Kim, G. D., Kim, Y. H., Park, K. M., Park, H. S., Sohn, S. K., Lee, W. S., Jang, K. S., & Chung, B. Y. (2006). Development of a critical thinking disposition scale for nursing students. Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing, 36(6), 950–958. https://doi.org/10.4040/jkan.2006.36.6.950
Lee, M., & Kim, B. (2023). Effect of employee experience on organizational commitment: Case of South Korea. Behavioral Sciences, 13(7), 521. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13070521
Li, M., Fu, N., Chadwick, C., & Harney, B. (2024). Untangling human resource management and employee wellbeing relationships: Differentiating job resource HR practices from challenge demand HR practices. Human Resource Management Journal, 34(1), 214–235. https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12527
Liu, X., Yu, J., Guo, Q., & Li, J. (2022). Employee engagement, its antecedents and effects on business performance in hospitality industry: A multilevel analysis. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 34(12), 4631–4652. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-12-2021-1512
Liu-Lastres, B., Wen, H., & Huang, W.-J. (2023). A reflection on the Great Resignation in the hospitality and tourism industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 35(1), 235–249. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-05-2022-0551
McKeon, M. W. (2024). Reason-giving uses of arguments, intellectual honesty, and intellectual integrity. In Arguments and reason-giving (pp. 289–330). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197751633.003.0008
Meira, J. V. S., & Hancer, M. (2021). Using the social exchange theory to explore the employee–organization relationship in the hospitality industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 33(2), 670–692. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-06-2020-0538
Nicolás-Agustín, Á., Jiménez-Jiménez, D., & Maeso-Fernandez, F. (2022). The role of human resource practices in the implementation of digital transformation. International Journal of Manpower, 43(2), 395–410. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-03-2021-0176
Obeso, M., Hernández-Linares, R., López-Fernández, M. C., & Serrano-Bedia, A. M. (2020). Knowledge management processes and organizational performance: The mediating role of organizational learning. Journal of Knowledge Management, 24(8), 1859–1880. https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-10-2019-0553
Otoo, F. N. K. (2024). The mediating role of organizational learning culture in the nexus of human resource development practices and employee competencies. African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, 15(4), 720–763. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJEMS-10-2023-0387
Pathak, D., Srivastava, S., Tripathi, P. M., & Gugnani, R. (2024). An integrated model to study workplace passion and job satisfaction among hotel employees: an emerging market perspective. International Journal of Emerging Markets, 19(10), 2712–2733. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOEM-12-2021-1803
Rožman, M., Tominc, P., & Milfelner, B. (2023). Maximizing employee engagement through artificial intelligent organizational culture in the context of leadership and training of employees: Testing linear and non-linear relationships. Cogent Business & Management, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2248732
Sainju, B., Hartwell, C., & Edwards, J. (2021). Job satisfaction and employee turnover determinants in Fortune 50 companies: Insights from employee reviews from Indeed.com. Decision Support Systems, 148, 113582. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2021.113582
Sallaku, R., & Vigolo, V. (2024). Predicting customer loyalty to Airbnb using PLS-SEM: the role of authenticity, interactivity, involvement and customer engagement. The TQM Journal, 36(5), 1346–1368. https://doi.org/10.1108/TQM-12-2021-0348
Setia, B. I., Yuniarsih, T., Gaffar, M. F., Suryadi, E., Affandi, A., & Rohmawati, T. (2022). Job satisfaction as a mediator in improving employee performance through talent and knowledge management. Journal of Eastern European and Central Asian Research, 9(5), 749–762. https://doi.org/10.15549/jeecar.v9i5.1060
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