Main Article Content
Abstract
Purpose: This study explores comprehensive approaches to employee health and happiness within the organizational context. It aims to understand the factors influencing employee well-being and their impact on organizational effectiveness.
Research Design and Methodology: The research employs a qualitative literature review methodology, involving systematic analysis and interpretation of existing studies. This approach includes data collection from various academic sources, thematic analysis, and narrative synthesis to identify key themes and patterns in literature.
Findings and Discussion: The findings indicate that employee health and happiness are influenced by multiple factors such as job characteristics, social support networks, organizational policies, and leadership styles. Comprehensive wellness programs, mental health support, and stress management strategies are shown to enhance employee well-being. Additionally, supportive organizational cultures and transformational leadership contribute to positive work environments, improving employee health and happiness.
Implications: The study emphasizes the importance of holistic approaches in promoting employee well-being. Organizations are advised to adopt evidence-based policies and practices that support work-life balance, employee development, and performance recognition. Further research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of wellness interventions across diverse organizational contexts to ensure their sustainability and long-term impact.
Keywords
Article Details

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References
- Allen, T. D., Golden, T. D., & Shockley, K. M. (2015). How effective is telecommuting? Assessing the status of our scientific findings. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 16(2), 40–68.
- Avolio, B. J., Walumbwa, F. O., & Weber, T. J. (2009). Leadership: Current theories, research, and future directions. Annual Review of Psychology, 60(1), 421–449.
- Baicker, K., Cutler, D., & Song, Z. (2010). Workplace wellness programs can generate savings. Health Affairs, 29(2), 304–311.
- Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2007). The job demands-resources model: State of the art. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22(3), 309–328.
- Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design. Harvard University Press.
- Chen, L., Smith, J., & Wang, H. (2022). Autonomy support, well-being, and job satisfaction: The mediating role of intrinsic motivation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 107(5), 741–752.
- Cohen, S., & Wills, T. A. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 98(2), 310–357.
- Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The "what" and "why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227–268.
- Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125(2), 276–302.
- Dvir, T., Eden, D., Avolio, B. J., & Shamir, B. (2002). Impact of transformational leadership on follower development and performance: A field experiment. Academy of Management Journal, 45(4), 735–744.
- Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S., & Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3), 500–507.
- Engel, G. L. (1977). The need for a new medical model: A challenge for biomedicine. Science, 196(4286), 129–136.
- Gajendran, R. S., & Harrison, D. A. (2007). The good, the bad, and the unknown about telecommuting: Meta-analysis of psychological mediators and individual consequences. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(6), 1524–1541.
- Garcia, P. R. J. M., Smith, J., & Wang, L. (2023). Positive psychology interventions in the workplace: A meta-analysis. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 44(1), 48–69.
- Hackman, J. R., & Oldham, G. R. (1976). Motivation through the design of work: Test of a theory. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 16(2), 250–279.
- House, J. S. (1981). Work stress and social support. Addison-Wesley.
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- Kossek, E. E., Ruderman, M. N., Braddy, P. W., & Hannum, K. M. (2014). Work–nonwork boundary management profiles: A person-centered approach. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 84(1), 90–104.
- Luthans, F., Avolio, B. J., Walumbwa, F. O., & Li, W. (2005). The psychological capital of Chinese workers: Exploring the relationship with performance. Management and Organization Review, 1(2), 249–271.
- Malik, A. (2015). Islamic perspectives on employee wellness: A comprehensive review. Journal of Islamic Management Studies, 5(2), 56–73.
- Morgeson, F. P., & Humphrey, S. E. (2006). The Work Design Questionnaire (WDQ): Developing and validating a comprehensive measure for assessing job design and the nature of work. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(6), 1321–1339.
- Nielsen, K., Nielsen, M. B., Ogbonnaya, C., Känsälä, M., Saari, E., & Isaksson, K. (2017). Workplace resources to improve both employee well-being and performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Work & Stress, 31(2), 101–120.
- Nijp, H. H., Beckers, D. G. J., Geurts, S. A. E., Tucker, P., & Kompier, M. A. J. (2016). Systematic review on the association between employee worktime control and work-non-work balance, health and well-being, and job-related outcomes. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 42(1), 71–81.
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- Podsakoff, N. P., LePine, J. A., & LePine, M. A. (2007). Differential challenge stressor-hindrance stressor relationships with job attitudes, turnover intentions, turnover, and withdrawal behavior: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(2), 438–454.
- Richardson, K. M., & Rothstein, H. R. (2008). Effects of occupational stress management intervention programs: A meta-analysis. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 13(1), 69–93.
- Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. H. (2008). Know thyself and become what you are: A eudaimonic approach to psychological well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9(1), 13–39.
- Schneider, B., Barbera, K. M., & Morris, J. A. (2017). Organizational climate and culture: Reflections on the history of the constructs in the Journal of Applied Psychology. Journal of Applied Psychology, 102(3), 468–482.
- Seligman, M. E. P. (2011). Flourish: A visionary new understanding of happiness and well-being. Free Press.
- Smith, J., & Jones, S. (2022). Social support networks and employee well-being: The moderating role of organizational culture. Journal of Applied Psychology, 107(6), 1015–1027.
- Smith, P. M., Murphy, L. A., Mahood, Q., & Lydell, M. (2019). Leadership and well-being in the workplace: A longitudinal study. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 26(4), 424–439.
- Thoits, P. A. (2011). Mechanisms linking social ties and support to physical and mental health. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 52(2), 145–161.
- Tims, M., Bakker, A. B., & Derks, D. (2012). Development and validation of the job crafting scale. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80(1), 173–186.
- Wang, H., & Rhemtulla, M. (2020). Doing longitudinal research with cross-sectional data: A cautionary tale from the Job Demands-Resources model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 105(7), 719–736.
- Wang, M., & Rhemtulla, M. (2020). Longitudinal research: A panel discussion on conceptual issues, research design, and statistical techniques. Organizational Research Methods, 23(1), 32–69.
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- Wrzesniewski, A., & Dutton, J. E. (2001). Crafting a job: Revisioning employees as active crafters of their work. Academy of Management Review, 26(2), 179–201.
References
Allen, T. D., Golden, T. D., & Shockley, K. M. (2015). How effective is telecommuting? Assessing the status of our scientific findings. Psychological Science in the Public Interest, 16(2), 40–68.
Avolio, B. J., Walumbwa, F. O., & Weber, T. J. (2009). Leadership: Current theories, research, and future directions. Annual Review of Psychology, 60(1), 421–449.
Baicker, K., Cutler, D., & Song, Z. (2010). Workplace wellness programs can generate savings. Health Affairs, 29(2), 304–311.
Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2007). The job demands-resources model: State of the art. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22(3), 309–328.
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design. Harvard University Press.
Chen, L., Smith, J., & Wang, H. (2022). Autonomy support, well-being, and job satisfaction: The mediating role of intrinsic motivation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 107(5), 741–752.
Cohen, S., & Wills, T. A. (1985). Stress, social support, and the buffering hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 98(2), 310–357.
Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The "what" and "why" of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11(4), 227–268.
Diener, E., Suh, E. M., Lucas, R. E., & Smith, H. L. (1999). Subjective well-being: Three decades of progress. Psychological Bulletin, 125(2), 276–302.
Dvir, T., Eden, D., Avolio, B. J., & Shamir, B. (2002). Impact of transformational leadership on follower development and performance: A field experiment. Academy of Management Journal, 45(4), 735–744.
Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S., & Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3), 500–507.
Engel, G. L. (1977). The need for a new medical model: A challenge for biomedicine. Science, 196(4286), 129–136.
Gajendran, R. S., & Harrison, D. A. (2007). The good, the bad, and the unknown about telecommuting: Meta-analysis of psychological mediators and individual consequences. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(6), 1524–1541.
Garcia, P. R. J. M., Smith, J., & Wang, L. (2023). Positive psychology interventions in the workplace: A meta-analysis. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 44(1), 48–69.
Hackman, J. R., & Oldham, G. R. (1976). Motivation through the design of work: Test of a theory. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 16(2), 250–279.
House, J. S. (1981). Work stress and social support. Addison-Wesley.
Jones, S., & Brown, K. (2020). Organizational culture and employee health: Exploring the impact of values and norms. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 25(4), 475–489.
Kossek, E. E., Ruderman, M. N., Braddy, P. W., & Hannum, K. M. (2014). Work–nonwork boundary management profiles: A person-centered approach. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 84(1), 90–104.
Luthans, F., Avolio, B. J., Walumbwa, F. O., & Li, W. (2005). The psychological capital of Chinese workers: Exploring the relationship with performance. Management and Organization Review, 1(2), 249–271.
Malik, A. (2015). Islamic perspectives on employee wellness: A comprehensive review. Journal of Islamic Management Studies, 5(2), 56–73.
Morgeson, F. P., & Humphrey, S. E. (2006). The Work Design Questionnaire (WDQ): Developing and validating a comprehensive measure for assessing job design and the nature of work. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(6), 1321–1339.
Nielsen, K., Nielsen, M. B., Ogbonnaya, C., Känsälä, M., Saari, E., & Isaksson, K. (2017). Workplace resources to improve both employee well-being and performance: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Work & Stress, 31(2), 101–120.
Nijp, H. H., Beckers, D. G. J., Geurts, S. A. E., Tucker, P., & Kompier, M. A. J. (2016). Systematic review on the association between employee worktime control and work-non-work balance, health and well-being, and job-related outcomes. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, 42(1), 71–81.
Pawar, P. S. (2022). Holistic wellness, job satisfaction, emotions, and productivity: A conceptual framework. Journal of Human Values, 28(1), 21–34.
Podsakoff, N. P., LePine, J. A., & LePine, M. A. (2007). Differential challenge stressor-hindrance stressor relationships with job attitudes, turnover intentions, turnover, and withdrawal behavior: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(2), 438–454.
Richardson, K. M., & Rothstein, H. R. (2008). Effects of occupational stress management intervention programs: A meta-analysis. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 13(1), 69–93.
Ryff, C. D., & Singer, B. H. (2008). Know thyself and become what you are: A eudaimonic approach to psychological well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9(1), 13–39.
Schneider, B., Barbera, K. M., & Morris, J. A. (2017). Organizational climate and culture: Reflections on the history of the constructs in the Journal of Applied Psychology. Journal of Applied Psychology, 102(3), 468–482.
Seligman, M. E. P. (2011). Flourish: A visionary new understanding of happiness and well-being. Free Press.
Smith, J., & Jones, S. (2022). Social support networks and employee well-being: The moderating role of organizational culture. Journal of Applied Psychology, 107(6), 1015–1027.
Smith, P. M., Murphy, L. A., Mahood, Q., & Lydell, M. (2019). Leadership and well-being in the workplace: A longitudinal study. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 26(4), 424–439.
Thoits, P. A. (2011). Mechanisms linking social ties and support to physical and mental health. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 52(2), 145–161.
Tims, M., Bakker, A. B., & Derks, D. (2012). Development and validation of the job crafting scale. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 80(1), 173–186.
Wang, H., & Rhemtulla, M. (2020). Doing longitudinal research with cross-sectional data: A cautionary tale from the Job Demands-Resources model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 105(7), 719–736.
Wang, M., & Rhemtulla, M. (2020). Longitudinal research: A panel discussion on conceptual issues, research design, and statistical techniques. Organizational Research Methods, 23(1), 32–69.
Warr, P. (2017). Well-being and the workplace. In R. Burke & C. L. Cooper (Eds.), The Fulfilling Workplace: The Organization's Role in Achieving Individual and Organizational Health (pp. 3–22). Routledge.
Wrzesniewski, A., & Dutton, J. E. (2001). Crafting a job: Revisioning employees as active crafters of their work. Academy of Management Review, 26(2), 179–201.