Main Article Content
Abstract
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh self-efficacy, locus of control, dan pengalaman magang terhadap kesiapan kerja mahasiswa akhir Program Studi Manajemen Angkatan 2021 Universitas HKBP Nommensen Medan. Fokus utama penelitian ini adalah memahami bagaimana faktor psikologis dan pengalaman praktis berperan dalam membentuk kesiapan mahasiswa menghadapi transisi ke dunia kerja.
Metode Penelitian: Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode survei melalui kuesioner. Data dianalisis menggunakan regresi linear berganda untuk menguji hubungan antara variabel independen (self-efficacy, locus of control, pengalaman magang) dan variabel dependen (kesiapan kerja). Validitas dan reliabilitas instrumen telah diuji, dan seluruh item dinyatakan layak digunakan.
Hasil dan Pembahasan: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa self-efficacy, locus of control, dan pengalaman magang berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kesiapan kerja mahasiswa. Mahasiswa dengan keyakinan diri yang kuat, kontrol internal yang baik, serta pengalaman magang yang relevan cenderung memiliki kesiapan kerja lebih tinggi. Temuan ini sejalan dengan penelitian sebelumnya yang menekankan pentingnya faktor psikologis dan praktik kerja nyata dalam menumbuhkan kesiapan kerja.
Implikasi: Studi ini memberikan implikasi penting bagi mahasiswa, dosen, dan pengambil kebijakan perguruan tinggi untuk memperkuat program pengembangan diri, memperluas kesempatan magang, dan menanamkan sikap locus of control internal. Upaya ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kualitas lulusan yang siap bersaing di pasar kerja.
Keywords
Article Details

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References
- Abdel Hadi, S., Kersting, M., Klehe, U. C., Deckenbach, M., & Häusser, J. A. (2023). Relationships between proactive personality, work locus of control, and vocational satisfaction: the role of level of education. Heliyon, 9(2), e13283. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13283
- Al-Bahrani, M., Abu Shindi, Y., Allawati, S., & Bakkar, B. (2021). A path analysis of effects of the career locus of control dimensions and career decision self-efficacy on career aspiration. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 26(1), 367–375. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2021.1961831
- Alharethi, T., Awan, M. I., & Saleem, M. S. (2025). Investigating the impact of internship experience on work readiness among hospitality program students: the moderating role of student mindfulness. Frontiers in Education, 10(May), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2025.1497721
- Almotairy, M., Nahari, A., Moafa, H., & Alanazi, A. A. (2022). Work readiness of newly graduated nurses transitioning to practice in Saudi Arabia: A cross‐sectional study. Journal of Nursing Management, 30(8), 4523–4532. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13893
- Astuti, E. N., & Amri, M. (2024). Pengaruh Efikasi Diri, Motivasi Kerja, dan Pengalaman Magang terhadap Kesiapan Kerja Mahasiswa FEBI IAIN Ponorogo. Niqosiya: Journal of Economics and Business Research, 4(01), 33–48. https://doi.org/10.21154/niqosiya.v4i01.3193
- Bandura, A. (1997). Self—efi ‘icaey: The exercise ofcontrol. New York. NY: Freeman.
- Banker, D., & Borchardt, J. (2025). Students’ perspectives on an internship experience. Journal of Research in Innovative Teaching & Learning. https://doi.org/10.1108/JRIT-07-2024-0198
- Borg, J., Scott-Young, C. M., & Borg, N. (2023). Early career project managers’ work readiness: Adopting a self-efficacy lens. International Journal of Project Management, 41(2), 102454. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2023.102454
- Dilla, A. Z., Hendriani, S., & Pramadewi, A. (2024). The Influence of Internship Experience, Work Interest, and Self-Efficacy on Work Readiness (Case Study of Management Students Class of 2018-2020, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Riau). Journal Of Accounting Management Business And International Research, 3(2), 265–277. https://doi.org/10.57235/jambuair.v3i2.3335
- Ebner, K., Soucek, R., & Selenko, E. (2021). Perceived quality of internships and employability perceptions: the mediating role of career-entry worries. Education + Training, 63(4), 579–596. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-02-2020-0037
- Ersoy, E., & Ayaz-Alkaya, S. (2024). Academic self-efficacy, personal responsibility, and readiness for professional practice in nursing students: A descriptive and correlational design. Nurse Education Today, 132, 106007. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2023.106007
- Fitrayansyah, F., Wiharja, H., & Rizki, U. (2022). Pengaruh Locus of Control dan Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Kesiapan Kerja Mahasiswa Akademi Komunitas Negeri Aceh Barat. VOCATECH: Vocational Education and Technology Journal, 4(1), 65–75. https://doi.org/10.38038/vocatech.v4i1.106
- Go, C. F. M., Gonzales, F. R. S., Gonzales, M. M. T., Gonzales, S. A. C., Gregorio, A. H., Guerra, M. A. E. G., Guillermo, J.-R. E., Gumapos, N. F. M., Malong-Consolacion, C. P., Chua, R. L. E., & Berdida, D. J. E. (2024). Nursing students’ blended learning satisfaction, self-efficacy, and work readiness: A structural equation modeling study. Teaching and Learning in Nursing, 19(4), e638–e645. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.teln.2024.05.010
- Halawa, W. C. H., Subiyanto, D., & Purnamarini, T. R. (2025). Pengaruh Pengalaman Magang, Minat Kerja, Dan Soft Skills Terhadap Kesiapan Kerja Mahasiswa Di Universitas Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa. Ganaya: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Humaniora, 8(2), 112–123. https://doi.org/10.37329/ganaya.v8i2.4059
- Hassouna, M. M., & Zaazou, Z. A. (2024). The Impact of Undergraduate Internships on Employability-An Empirical Study. The Academic Journal of Contemporary Commercial Research, 4(3), 24–47. https://ajccr.journals.ekb.eg/article_382912.html.
- Herlina, M. G., Hartono, A. M., & Halim, C. (2022). The Influence of Internship and Self-efficacy on Work Readiness among Higher Education Students in Jakarta. IEOM Society Internationa, 1645–1651. https://doi.org/10.46254/sa03.20220326
- Jerez Gomez, M. P., Bojica, A., Martínez-del-Río, J., & Karaja, R. (2023). Designing successful internships: exploring the role of duration, formalization and motivational practices. Education + Training, 65(3), 433–453. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-12-2021-0480
- Kovačević, M., Dekker, T. J., & van der Velden, R. (2024). Employability development in undergraduate programmes: how different is liberal arts education? Teaching in Higher Education, 29(8), 2184–2204. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2023.2212602
- Lestari, F. D., & Ubaidillah, H. (2022). The Influence of Internship Experience, Motivation, and Academic Achievement on Students’ Readiness in Entering the World of Work With Self Efficacy as a Moderating Variable (Study on Management Students at Muhammadiyah University of Sidoarjo). Journal of Islamic and Muhammadiyah Studies, 3, 10–21070. https://doi.org/10.21070/jims.v3i0.1565
- Malau-Aduli, B. S., Jones, K., Alele, F., Adu, M. D., Drovandi, A., Knott, G., Young, L., & Jo, C. (2022). Readiness to enter the workforce: perceptions of health professions students at a regional Australian university. BMC Medical Education, 22(1), 89. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-022-03120-4
- Martiwi, R., Elyana, I., Suardhita, N., & Rahman, A. (2025). The Influence of Self-Development and Internship Experience on Job Readiness: A Quantitative Study in Indonesian Higher Education. Golden Ratio of Human Resource Management, 5(2), 374–382. https://doi.org/10.52970/grhrm.v5i2.1304
- Moraga-Pumarino, A., Salvo-Garrido, S., & Ortiz-Cea, V. (2025). Gender, Self-Efficacy, and Academic Performance: Evidence in Business Education Program. Behavioral Sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 15(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15050563
- Musa, S., Nurhayati, S., & Boriboon, G. (2025). The Effect of Internships on Graduates’ Employability, Soft Skills, and Digital Competence. Educational Process: International Journal, 17. https://doi.org/10.22521/edupij.2025.17.306
- Peersia, K., Rappa, N. A., & Perry, L. B. (2024). Work readiness: definitions and conceptualisations. Higher Education Research & Development, 43(8), 1830–1845. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2024.2366322
- Petruzziello, G., Mariani, M. G., Chiesa, R., & Guglielmi, D. (2020). Self-efficacy and job search success for new graduates. Personnel Review, 50(1), 225–243. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-01-2019-0009
- Pianda, D., Hilmiana, Widianto, S., & Sartika, D. (2025). The influence employability of vocational students through internship experiences and 21st-century competencies: a moderated mediation model. Cogent Education, 12(1), 2476285. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2025.2476285
- Putri, D. A., & Wahyudin, N. (2024). The Influence of Internship Experience, Self-Efficacy, and Work Motivation on Work Readiness of Bangka Belitung University Students. International Journal of Economics, Business, and Entrepreneurship, 7(2), 154–165. https://doi.org/10.23960/ijebe.v7i2.287
- Putri, K. A., Kirana, K. C., & Septyarini, E. (2025). Pengaruh Internship Experience, Digital Literacy, Self Efficacy, Dan Soft Skill Terhadap Work Readiness Mahasiswa Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa Angkatan 2021. Jurnal Manajemen Terapan Dan Keuangan, 14(2), 689–701. https://doi.org/10.22437/jmk.v14i2.43913
- Rosyada, Q. A., & Suratman, A. (2025). Student Work Readiness: Support from Internship Experience, Motivation and Work Environment. Formosa Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 4(6), 2731–2750. https://doi.org/10.55927/fjmr.v4i6.276
- Sholikah, M. (2021). Roles of Career Maturity Mediating the Effects of Locus of Control and Socioeconomic Status on Career Readiness. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 10(3), 781–789.
- Sholikah, M., Muhyadi, M., Indartono, S., Kenzhaliyev, O. B., & Kassymova, G. K. (2021). Self-efficacy and student achievement for enhancing career readiness: The mediation of career maturity. Jurnal Pendidikan Teknologi Dan Kejuruan, 27(1), 15–25. https://doi.org/10.21831/jptk.v27i1.35657
- Simanungkalit, M. R., Telaumbanua, D. A., Napitupulu, J. A., & Tambunan, T. S. (2024). Pengaruh Pengalaman Magang Terhadap Kesiapan Kerja Mahasiswa. JMRI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation, 2(3), 82–86. https://doi.org/10.61240/jmri.v2i3.84
- Simmers, C. A., & McMurray, A. J. (2022). Navigating Work Career through Locus of Control and Job Satisfaction: The Mediation Role of Work Values Ethic. Merits, 2(4), 258–269. https://doi.org/10.3390/merits2040018
- Sukmawati, D. (2022). Internship Program Effectiveness: A Work Readiness. Journal of Career and Entrepreneurship, 1(2 SE-Article), 11–23. https://doi.org/10.22219/jce.v1i2.22579
- Uysal, Ş. K., Karadağ, H., Tuncer, B., & Şahin, F. (2022). Locus of control, need for achievement, and entrepreneurial intention: A moderated mediation model. The International Journal of Management Education, 20(2), 100560. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2021.100560
- Wiharja, H., Rahayu, S., & Rahmiyati, E. (2020). Pengaruh self efficacy terhadap kesiapan kerja mahasiswa pendidikan vokasi. VOCATECH: Vocational Education and Technology Journal, 2(1), 11–18. https://doi.org/10.38038/vocatech.v2i1.40
- Wujema, B. K., Mohd Rasdi, R., Zaremohzzabieh, Z., & Ahrari, S. (2022). The role of self-efficacy as a mediating variable in CareerEDGE employability model: The context of undergraduate employability in the North-East Region of Nigeria. Sustainability, 14(8), 4660. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14084660
- Yi, E., & Park, D.-H. (2024). The effect of core competencies of university students on employment and first year salary level based on school activity log. Heliyon, 10(7), e28474. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28474
References
Abdel Hadi, S., Kersting, M., Klehe, U. C., Deckenbach, M., & Häusser, J. A. (2023). Relationships between proactive personality, work locus of control, and vocational satisfaction: the role of level of education. Heliyon, 9(2), e13283. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13283
Al-Bahrani, M., Abu Shindi, Y., Allawati, S., & Bakkar, B. (2021). A path analysis of effects of the career locus of control dimensions and career decision self-efficacy on career aspiration. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, 26(1), 367–375. https://doi.org/10.1080/02673843.2021.1961831
Alharethi, T., Awan, M. I., & Saleem, M. S. (2025). Investigating the impact of internship experience on work readiness among hospitality program students: the moderating role of student mindfulness. Frontiers in Education, 10(May), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2025.1497721
Almotairy, M., Nahari, A., Moafa, H., & Alanazi, A. A. (2022). Work readiness of newly graduated nurses transitioning to practice in Saudi Arabia: A cross‐sectional study. Journal of Nursing Management, 30(8), 4523–4532. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13893
Astuti, E. N., & Amri, M. (2024). Pengaruh Efikasi Diri, Motivasi Kerja, dan Pengalaman Magang terhadap Kesiapan Kerja Mahasiswa FEBI IAIN Ponorogo. Niqosiya: Journal of Economics and Business Research, 4(01), 33–48. https://doi.org/10.21154/niqosiya.v4i01.3193
Bandura, A. (1997). Self—efi ‘icaey: The exercise ofcontrol. New York. NY: Freeman.
Banker, D., & Borchardt, J. (2025). Students’ perspectives on an internship experience. Journal of Research in Innovative Teaching & Learning. https://doi.org/10.1108/JRIT-07-2024-0198
Borg, J., Scott-Young, C. M., & Borg, N. (2023). Early career project managers’ work readiness: Adopting a self-efficacy lens. International Journal of Project Management, 41(2), 102454. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2023.102454
Dilla, A. Z., Hendriani, S., & Pramadewi, A. (2024). The Influence of Internship Experience, Work Interest, and Self-Efficacy on Work Readiness (Case Study of Management Students Class of 2018-2020, Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Riau). Journal Of Accounting Management Business And International Research, 3(2), 265–277. https://doi.org/10.57235/jambuair.v3i2.3335
Ebner, K., Soucek, R., & Selenko, E. (2021). Perceived quality of internships and employability perceptions: the mediating role of career-entry worries. Education + Training, 63(4), 579–596. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-02-2020-0037
Ersoy, E., & Ayaz-Alkaya, S. (2024). Academic self-efficacy, personal responsibility, and readiness for professional practice in nursing students: A descriptive and correlational design. Nurse Education Today, 132, 106007. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2023.106007
Fitrayansyah, F., Wiharja, H., & Rizki, U. (2022). Pengaruh Locus of Control dan Motivasi Kerja Terhadap Kesiapan Kerja Mahasiswa Akademi Komunitas Negeri Aceh Barat. VOCATECH: Vocational Education and Technology Journal, 4(1), 65–75. https://doi.org/10.38038/vocatech.v4i1.106
Go, C. F. M., Gonzales, F. R. S., Gonzales, M. M. T., Gonzales, S. A. C., Gregorio, A. H., Guerra, M. A. E. G., Guillermo, J.-R. E., Gumapos, N. F. M., Malong-Consolacion, C. P., Chua, R. L. E., & Berdida, D. J. E. (2024). Nursing students’ blended learning satisfaction, self-efficacy, and work readiness: A structural equation modeling study. Teaching and Learning in Nursing, 19(4), e638–e645. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.teln.2024.05.010
Halawa, W. C. H., Subiyanto, D., & Purnamarini, T. R. (2025). Pengaruh Pengalaman Magang, Minat Kerja, Dan Soft Skills Terhadap Kesiapan Kerja Mahasiswa Di Universitas Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa. Ganaya: Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Humaniora, 8(2), 112–123. https://doi.org/10.37329/ganaya.v8i2.4059
Hassouna, M. M., & Zaazou, Z. A. (2024). The Impact of Undergraduate Internships on Employability-An Empirical Study. The Academic Journal of Contemporary Commercial Research, 4(3), 24–47. https://ajccr.journals.ekb.eg/article_382912.html.
Herlina, M. G., Hartono, A. M., & Halim, C. (2022). The Influence of Internship and Self-efficacy on Work Readiness among Higher Education Students in Jakarta. IEOM Society Internationa, 1645–1651. https://doi.org/10.46254/sa03.20220326
Jerez Gomez, M. P., Bojica, A., Martínez-del-Río, J., & Karaja, R. (2023). Designing successful internships: exploring the role of duration, formalization and motivational practices. Education + Training, 65(3), 433–453. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-12-2021-0480
Kovačević, M., Dekker, T. J., & van der Velden, R. (2024). Employability development in undergraduate programmes: how different is liberal arts education? Teaching in Higher Education, 29(8), 2184–2204. https://doi.org/10.1080/13562517.2023.2212602
Lestari, F. D., & Ubaidillah, H. (2022). The Influence of Internship Experience, Motivation, and Academic Achievement on Students’ Readiness in Entering the World of Work With Self Efficacy as a Moderating Variable (Study on Management Students at Muhammadiyah University of Sidoarjo). Journal of Islamic and Muhammadiyah Studies, 3, 10–21070. https://doi.org/10.21070/jims.v3i0.1565
Malau-Aduli, B. S., Jones, K., Alele, F., Adu, M. D., Drovandi, A., Knott, G., Young, L., & Jo, C. (2022). Readiness to enter the workforce: perceptions of health professions students at a regional Australian university. BMC Medical Education, 22(1), 89. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-022-03120-4
Martiwi, R., Elyana, I., Suardhita, N., & Rahman, A. (2025). The Influence of Self-Development and Internship Experience on Job Readiness: A Quantitative Study in Indonesian Higher Education. Golden Ratio of Human Resource Management, 5(2), 374–382. https://doi.org/10.52970/grhrm.v5i2.1304
Moraga-Pumarino, A., Salvo-Garrido, S., & Ortiz-Cea, V. (2025). Gender, Self-Efficacy, and Academic Performance: Evidence in Business Education Program. Behavioral Sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 15(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/bs15050563
Musa, S., Nurhayati, S., & Boriboon, G. (2025). The Effect of Internships on Graduates’ Employability, Soft Skills, and Digital Competence. Educational Process: International Journal, 17. https://doi.org/10.22521/edupij.2025.17.306
Peersia, K., Rappa, N. A., & Perry, L. B. (2024). Work readiness: definitions and conceptualisations. Higher Education Research & Development, 43(8), 1830–1845. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2024.2366322
Petruzziello, G., Mariani, M. G., Chiesa, R., & Guglielmi, D. (2020). Self-efficacy and job search success for new graduates. Personnel Review, 50(1), 225–243. https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-01-2019-0009
Pianda, D., Hilmiana, Widianto, S., & Sartika, D. (2025). The influence employability of vocational students through internship experiences and 21st-century competencies: a moderated mediation model. Cogent Education, 12(1), 2476285. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2025.2476285
Putri, D. A., & Wahyudin, N. (2024). The Influence of Internship Experience, Self-Efficacy, and Work Motivation on Work Readiness of Bangka Belitung University Students. International Journal of Economics, Business, and Entrepreneurship, 7(2), 154–165. https://doi.org/10.23960/ijebe.v7i2.287
Putri, K. A., Kirana, K. C., & Septyarini, E. (2025). Pengaruh Internship Experience, Digital Literacy, Self Efficacy, Dan Soft Skill Terhadap Work Readiness Mahasiswa Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa Angkatan 2021. Jurnal Manajemen Terapan Dan Keuangan, 14(2), 689–701. https://doi.org/10.22437/jmk.v14i2.43913
Rosyada, Q. A., & Suratman, A. (2025). Student Work Readiness: Support from Internship Experience, Motivation and Work Environment. Formosa Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 4(6), 2731–2750. https://doi.org/10.55927/fjmr.v4i6.276
Sholikah, M. (2021). Roles of Career Maturity Mediating the Effects of Locus of Control and Socioeconomic Status on Career Readiness. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 10(3), 781–789.
Sholikah, M., Muhyadi, M., Indartono, S., Kenzhaliyev, O. B., & Kassymova, G. K. (2021). Self-efficacy and student achievement for enhancing career readiness: The mediation of career maturity. Jurnal Pendidikan Teknologi Dan Kejuruan, 27(1), 15–25. https://doi.org/10.21831/jptk.v27i1.35657
Simanungkalit, M. R., Telaumbanua, D. A., Napitupulu, J. A., & Tambunan, T. S. (2024). Pengaruh Pengalaman Magang Terhadap Kesiapan Kerja Mahasiswa. JMRI Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Innovation, 2(3), 82–86. https://doi.org/10.61240/jmri.v2i3.84
Simmers, C. A., & McMurray, A. J. (2022). Navigating Work Career through Locus of Control and Job Satisfaction: The Mediation Role of Work Values Ethic. Merits, 2(4), 258–269. https://doi.org/10.3390/merits2040018
Sukmawati, D. (2022). Internship Program Effectiveness: A Work Readiness. Journal of Career and Entrepreneurship, 1(2 SE-Article), 11–23. https://doi.org/10.22219/jce.v1i2.22579
Uysal, Ş. K., Karadağ, H., Tuncer, B., & Şahin, F. (2022). Locus of control, need for achievement, and entrepreneurial intention: A moderated mediation model. The International Journal of Management Education, 20(2), 100560. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2021.100560
Wiharja, H., Rahayu, S., & Rahmiyati, E. (2020). Pengaruh self efficacy terhadap kesiapan kerja mahasiswa pendidikan vokasi. VOCATECH: Vocational Education and Technology Journal, 2(1), 11–18. https://doi.org/10.38038/vocatech.v2i1.40
Wujema, B. K., Mohd Rasdi, R., Zaremohzzabieh, Z., & Ahrari, S. (2022). The role of self-efficacy as a mediating variable in CareerEDGE employability model: The context of undergraduate employability in the North-East Region of Nigeria. Sustainability, 14(8), 4660. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14084660
Yi, E., & Park, D.-H. (2024). The effect of core competencies of university students on employment and first year salary level based on school activity log. Heliyon, 10(7), e28474. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28474