Main Article Content
Abstract
Purpose: This study explores the impact of income tax policies, particularly progressive taxation, on labor market behavior, career development, and human capital formation across different economic contexts. It aims to analyze the effects of tax policies on work incentives in developed and developing economies, focusing on high-income earners, informal labor markets, and non-monetary factors such as job satisfaction and work-life balance.
Research Design and Methodology: The research adopts a qualitative systematic literature review (SLR) methodology, synthesizing previous studies on the relationship between income tax policies and work incentives. The study compares the effects of taxation across income groups and economic environments, drawing insights from theoretical models and empirical findings.
Findings and Discussion: The findings reveal that progressive taxation can reduce labor participation, particularly among high-income earners, while middle- and low-income workers are less affected. In developing economies, sizeable informal labor markets undermine the effectiveness of tax policies. Additionally, non-monetary factors, such as job satisfaction, are crucial in shaping labor market responses to taxation.
Implications: The study suggests that tax policies should be tailored to different economic contexts, incorporating tax incentives for education and skill development to promote long-term economic growth. Policymakers should consider non-monetary factors when designing tax policies to ensure better labor market participation and productivity.
Keywords
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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- Blundell, R. (2016). Labor supply and taxation. Oxford University Press.
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- Spreen, T. L., & Gerrish, E. (2022). Taxes and tax‐exempt bonds: A literature review. Journal of Economic Surveys, 36(4), 767–808. https://doi.org/10.1111/joes.12464
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- Wen, J., Okolo, C. V., Ugwuoke, I. C., & Kolani, K. (2022). Research on influencing factors of renewable energy, energy efficiency, on technological innovation. Does trade, investment and human capital development matter? Energy Policy, 160, 112718. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112718
References
Almalky, H. A. (2020). Employment outcomes for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities: A literature review. Children and Youth Services Review, 109, 104656. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.104656
Baum, S., Ma, J., & Payea, K. (2010). Education Pays, 2010: The Benefits of Higher Education for Individuals and Society. Trends in Higher Education Series. College Board Advocacy & Policy Center.
Blundell, R. (2016). Labor supply and taxation. Oxford University Press.
Bowen, H. (2018). Investment in learning: The individual and social value of American higher education.
Carvajal, M. J. (2018). A theoretical framework for the interpretation of pharmacist workforce studies worldwide: The labor supply curve. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 14(11), 999–1006. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sapharm.2017.11.017
Castaneda, N., & Doyle, D. (2019). Progressive tax policy and informal labor in developing economies. Governance, 32(4), 595–618. https://doi.org/10.1111/gove.12390
Chetty, R., Friedman, J. N., & Saez, E. (2013). Using Differences in Knowledge across Neighborhoods to Uncover the Impacts of the EITC on Earnings. American Economic Review, 103(7), 2683–2721. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.103.7.2683
Cloyne, J., Martinez, J., Mumtaz, H., & Surico, P. (2022). Short-term tax cuts, long-term stimulus. National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w30246
Grigoli, F., Koczan, Z., & Topalova, P. (2020). Automation and labor force participation in advanced economies: Macro and micro evidence. European Economic Review, 126, 103443. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroecorev.2020.103443
Hansen, E. (2021). Optimal income taxation with labor supply responses at two margins: When is an Earned Income Tax Credit optimal? Journal of Public Economics, 195, 104365. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2021.104365
Hanson, A. (2021). Taxes and economic development: An update on the state of the economics literature. Economic Development Quarterly, 35(3), 232–253. https://doi.org/10.1177/089124242110228
Hourani, D., Millar-Powell, B., Perret, S., & Ramm, A. (2023). The taxation of labour vs. capital income: A focus on high earners. https://doi.org/10.1787/22235558
Jara, H. X., Gasior, K., & Makovec, M. (2020). Work Incentives at the Extensive and Intensive Margin in Europe: The Role of Taxes, Benefits and Population Characteristics. Social Indicators Research, 152(2), 705–778. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-020-02462-0
Keane, M. P. (2022). Recent research on labor supply: Implications for tax and transfer policy. Labour Economics, 77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.labeco.2021.102026
Kong, D., Liu, S., & Xiang, J. (2018). Political promotion and labor investment efficiency. China Economic Review, 50, 273–293. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chieco.2018.05.002
Kossek, E. E., & Lautsch, B. A. (2018). Work–life flexibility for whom? Occupational status and work–life inequality in upper, middle, and lower level jobs. Academy of Management Annals, 12(1), 5–36. https://doi.org/10.5465/annals.2016.0059
Lenhart, O. (2019). The effects of income on health: new evidence from the Earned Income Tax Credit. Review of Economics of the Household, 17(2), 377–410. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11150-018-9429-x
Maudos, J. (2017). Income structure, profitability and risk in the European banking sector: The impact of the crisis. Research in International Business and Finance, 39, 85–101. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2016.07.034
Meghir, C., & Phillips, D. (2010). Labour supply and taxes. Dimensions of Tax Design: The Mirrlees Review, 202–274.
Mosquera Valderrama, I. J. (2020). Regulatory Framework for Tax Incentives in Developing Countries After BEPS Action 5. Intertax, 446–459. https://doi.org/10.54648/taxi2020039
Mustika, C. (2012). Pajak penghasilan di Indonesia (Peraturan, Perhitungan dan Upaya Peningkatan Potensi Penerimaan Pajak Penghasilan) dan kaitannya dengan Investasi di Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen Terapan Dan Keuangan, 1(3), 227–238. https://doi.org/10.22437/jmk.v1i3.1840
Pántya, J., Kovács, J., Kogler, C., & Kirchler, E. (2016). Work performance and tax compliance in flat and progressive tax systems. Journal of Economic Psychology, 56, 262–273. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2016.08.002
Repetti, J. R. (2019). The appropriate roles for equity and efficiency in a progressive individual income tax. FLa. Tax Rev., 23, 522. https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/ftaxr23&div=16&id=&page=
Rum, M., & Saskia, B. (2020). Impikasi Stimulant Insentif Pajak pada Pertumbuhan Investasi Kabupaten dan Kota di Sulawesi Selatan. Jurnal Manajemen Perbankan Keuangan Nitro, 3(2), 99–113. https://doi.org/10.56858/jmpkn.v3i2.31
Saez, E., Slemrod, J., & Giertz, S. H. (2012). The Elasticity of Taxable Income with Respect to Marginal Tax Rates: A Critical Review. Journal of Economic Literature, 50(1), 3–50. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.50.1.3
Saputro, R., & Meivira, F. (2020). Pengaruh tingkat pendidikan pemilik, praktik akuntansi dan persepsi atas insentif pajak terhadap kepatuhan pajak UMKM. Jurnal EMBA: Jurnal Riset Ekonomi, Manajemen, Bisnis Dan Akuntansi, 8(4). https://doi.org/10.35794/emba.v8i4.31308
Sigaard, H. S. (2023). Estimating labor supply responses to Danish tax reforms. Journal of Public Economics, 224, 104943. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2023.104943
Spreen, T. L., & Gerrish, E. (2022). Taxes and tax‐exempt bonds: A literature review. Journal of Economic Surveys, 36(4), 767–808. https://doi.org/10.1111/joes.12464
St John, E. P. (1994). Prices, Productivity, and Investment: Assessing Financial Strategies in Higher Education. ASHE-ERIC Higher Education Reports. ERIC.
Surya, B., Menne, F., Sabhan, H., Suriani, S., Abubakar, H., & Idris, M. (2021). Economic growth, increasing productivity of SMEs, and open innovation. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 7(1), 20. https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7010020
Wen, J., Okolo, C. V., Ugwuoke, I. C., & Kolani, K. (2022). Research on influencing factors of renewable energy, energy efficiency, on technological innovation. Does trade, investment and human capital development matter? Energy Policy, 160, 112718. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2021.112718