Main Article Content
Abstract
Purpose: This study examines the situational factors that escalated Bigo Live Indonesia's reputational crisis in 2024 and describes the crisis communication strategies the platform deployed in response to the Ministry of Communication and Information (Kominfo) 's threat to block.
Research Method: A qualitative intrinsic case study was conducted using Situational Crisis Communication Theory (SCCT). Data comprised Bigo Live's official press release and eleven online news articles (CNNIndonesia.com, Detik.com, Kompas.com) published between August and September 2024, analyzed using NVivo 12 and verified through source triangulation.
Results and Discussion: The crisis was preventable and was compounded by a history of recurring violations (a 2016 block and a 2024 non-compliance) and a poor reputation for relations. Bigo Live relied mainly on a rebuild strategy through compensation, supported by implicit deny-scapegoat, bolstering, and ethics-based tactics.
Implications: The absence of an apology and the use of scapegoating weakened the response, suggesting that platforms facing regulatory sanction should pair technical compensation with explicit accountability.
Originality: This study applies SCCT to a crisis on a live-streaming platform, driven simultaneously by regulatory pressure and a blocking threat. This multilayered context has rarely been examined in prior crisis communication research.
Keywords
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References
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- Creswell, J. W. (2016). Qualitative inquiry & research design: Choosing among five approaches (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.
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- Drisko, J. W., & Maschi, T. (2016). Content analysis. Oxford University Press.
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- Gupta, S., Pande, N., Arumugam, T., & Sanjeev, M. A. (2023). Reputational impact of Covid-19 pandemic management on World Health Organization among Indian public health professionals. Journal of Public Affairs, 23(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2842
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- Park, S., & Park, H. W. (2020). A webometric network analysis of electronic word of mouth (eWOM) characteristics and machine learning approach to consumer comments during a crisis. Profesional de la Información, 29(5), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2020.sep.16
- Rahmawati, A., Pratiwi, M., & Yusa, M. Y. (2024). Navigating turbulence: Analyzing the crisis response of Sriwijaya Air following the SJ182 plane crash using situational crisis communication theory (SCCT). CHANNEL: Jurnal Komunikasi, 12(1), 84–93. https://doi.org/10.12928/channel.v12i1.366
- Saldaña, J. (2021). The coding manual for qualitative researchers. SAGE Publications. https://doi.org/10.29333/ajqr/12085
- Sisco, H. F. (2012). Nonprofit in crisis: An examination of the applicability of situational crisis communication theory. Journal of Public Relations Research, 24(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/1062726X.2011.582207
- Tachkova, E. R., & Coombs, W. T. (2022). Communicating in extreme crises: Lessons from the edge. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003094661
- Tempo. (2024). Ini alasan Kominfo ancam bakal blokir Bigo Live. https://www.tempo.co/digital/ini-alasan-kominfo-ancam-bakal-blokir-bigo-live-15833
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References
Akbulut E. (2023). The Relationship Between Communicative Actions, Behavioral Intentions, and Corporate Reputation in the Framework of Situational Theory of Problem Solving in a Public Health Crisis. International journal of public health, 68, 1606301. https://doi.org/10.3389/ijph.2023.1606301
Anderson-Meli, L., & Koshy, S. (2020). Public relations crisis communication: A new model. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429287763
Bigo Live TV. (2023). BIGO LIVE wiki: What is BIGO LIVE. https://blog.bigo.tv/faq/what-is-bigo-live/
Chang, W. C., Weng, L. C., & Wu, S. B. (2023). CSR and organizational attractiveness: The impacts of crisis and crisis response. Sustainability, 15(4), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15043753
CNN Indonesia. (2024). Terancam diblokir Kominfo, Bigo Live lakukan pembaruan total. https://www.cnnindonesia.com/teknologi/20240826154816-192-1137643/terancam-diblokir-kominfo-bigo-live-lakukan-pembaruan-total
Coombs, W. T. (2006). The protective powers of crisis response strategies: Managing reputational assets during a crisis. Journal of Promotion Management, 12(3–4), 241–260. https://doi.org/10.1300/J057v12n03_13
Coombs, W. (2007). Protecting Organization Reputations During a Crisis: The Development and Application of Situational Crisis Communication Theory. Corp Reputation Rev 10, 163–176. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.crr.1550049
Coombs, W. T. (2015). Ongoing crisis communication: Planning, managing, and responding. SAGE Publications. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPC.2010.2046099
Coombs, W. T. (2018). Revising situational crisis communication theory: The influences of social media on crisis communication theory and practice. In L. Austin & Y. Jin (Eds.), Social media and crisis communication (pp. 21–37). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315749068-3
Coombs, W. T. (2020). Situational crisis communication theory: Influences, provenance, evolution, and prospects. In P. J. Schulz & P. Cobley (Eds.), Handbooks of communication science (pp. 121–140). Walter de Gruyter.
Coombs, W. T. (2025). Cloaking through crisis communication: Hiding uncomfortable information. In W. T. Coombs (Ed.), Media and crisis communication (pp. 222–240). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781032619187
Coombs, W. T., & Harker, J. L. (2021). Strategic sport communication: Traditional and transmedia strategies for a global sports market. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003031161
Creswell, J. W. (2016). Qualitative inquiry & research design: Choosing among five approaches (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.
Creswell, J. W. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. SAGE Publications.
Drisko, J. W., & Maschi, T. (2016). Content analysis. Oxford University Press.
Gasana, K. (2024). Crisis communication and reputation management in the age of fake news. Journal of Public Relations, 3(1), 28–39. https://doi.org/10.47941/jpr.1773
Gupta, S., Pande, N., Arumugam, T., & Sanjeev, M. A. (2023). Reputational impact of Covid-19 pandemic management on World Health Organization among Indian public health professionals. Journal of Public Affairs, 23(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1002/pa.2842
Liu-Lastres, B., Kim, H., & Ying, T. (2020). Learning from past crises: Evaluating hotels' online crisis responses to health crises. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 20(3), 372–378. https://doi.org/10.1177/1467358419857779
Liu, W., Lai, C. H., & Xu, W. (2018). Tweeting about emergency: A semantic network analysis of government organizations' social media messaging during Hurricane Harvey. Public Relations Review, 44(5), 807–819. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2018.10.009
Ortiz, A. P., & Arenas, A. E. (2024). An analysis of data breach notifications in the educational sector: A situational crisis communication theory perspective. 30th Americas Conference on Information Systems (AMCIS 2024), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.21009/COMM.034.01
Othman, A. F., & Yusoff, S. Z. (2020). Crisis communication management strategies in MH370 crisis with special references to situational crisis communication theory. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 10(4), 172–182. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v10-i4/7118
Park, S., & Park, H. W. (2020). A webometric network analysis of electronic word of mouth (eWOM) characteristics and machine learning approach to consumer comments during a crisis. Profesional de la Información, 29(5), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2020.sep.16
Rahmawati, A., Pratiwi, M., & Yusa, M. Y. (2024). Navigating turbulence: Analyzing the crisis response of Sriwijaya Air following the SJ182 plane crash using situational crisis communication theory (SCCT). CHANNEL: Jurnal Komunikasi, 12(1), 84–93. https://doi.org/10.12928/channel.v12i1.366
Saldaña, J. (2021). The coding manual for qualitative researchers. SAGE Publications. https://doi.org/10.29333/ajqr/12085
Sisco, H. F. (2012). Nonprofit in crisis: An examination of the applicability of situational crisis communication theory. Journal of Public Relations Research, 24(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/1062726X.2011.582207
Tachkova, E. R., & Coombs, W. T. (2022). Communicating in extreme crises: Lessons from the edge. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003094661
Tempo. (2024). Ini alasan Kominfo ancam bakal blokir Bigo Live. https://www.tempo.co/digital/ini-alasan-kominfo-ancam-bakal-blokir-bigo-live-15833
Yin, R. K. (2018). Case study research and applications: Design and methods (6th ed.). SAGE Publications.