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Abstract

Abstract


Purpose: This study evaluates the social impacts of PT. Tambang Tondano Nusajaya gold mining activities on communities in Ranowulu District, Bitung City, North Sulawesi.


Research Method: An exploratory descriptive qualitative design was applied through semi-structured interviews, field observation, and documentation involving one corporate representative and four ring-1 residents.


Results and Discussion: Mining generates local employment, skills training, micro-enterprise opportunities, educational support, and infrastructure assistance. However, residents also report land conversion, dust, blasting vibration, cracked houses, health concerns, passive participation, and dependence on company-driven economic circulation.


Implications: The study recommends participatory social impact assessment, independent monitoring by DLH Kota Bitung and Dinas PUPR Kota Bitung, transparent grievance mechanisms, and livelihood diversification beyond mining.


Originality: This article integrates outcome evaluation, process evaluation, CSR fit, social license to operate, and social impact assessment to show that mining legitimacy depends on balancing benefits, operational-risk mitigation, and meaningful participation.

Keywords

social impact assessment gold mining corporate social responsibility social license to operate

Article Details

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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite
Karundeng, M. E. ., Mamentu, M. ., & Niode, B. . (2026). Evaluating gold mining in Ranowulu between CSR benefits and social vulnerability. Advances in Community Services Research, 4(2), 12–25. https://doi.org/10.60079/acsr.v4i2.868
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