Main Article Content
Abstract
Purpose: The study aims to determine the effectiveness of reproductive health education through Virtual Learning Media (VLM) on changes in early adolescent attitudes to prevent sexual harassment.
Research Design and Methodology: The research was conducted at the Nurul Fikri Integrated Islamic Elementary School, Makassar City, using quantitative research methods with a quasi-experimental approach. The study involved 50 students from SDIT Nurul Fikri.
Findings and Discussion: The results indicated no significant difference in the effectiveness of attitude change. This outcome was attributed to the short duration of the educational intervention, which needed to be increased to induce immediate changes in attitudes.
Implications: The study suggests the necessity for age-appropriate and sustainable sexual education through counseling or engaging media provided by schools to ensure long-term effectiveness in changing students' attitudes.
Keywords
Article Details

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References
- Brown, S. E. V, & Battle, J. S. (2019). Ostracizing targets of workplace sexual harassment before and after the# MeToo movement. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal. https://doi.org/10.1108/EDI-09-2018-0162
- Chowdhury, A. G., Sawhney, R., Mathur, P., Mahata, D., & Shah, R. R. (2019). Speak up, fight back! detection of social media disclosures of sexual harassment. Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Student Research Workshop, 136–146. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/N19-3018
- Derry, S. J., Sherin, M. G., & Sherin, B. L. (2014). Multimedia learning with video. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1017/CBO9781139547369.038
- Dobbin, F., & Kalev, A. (2019). The promise and peril of sexual harassment programs. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(25), 12255–12260. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1818477116
- Freyd, J. J., & Smidt, A. M. (2019). So you want to address sexual harassment and assault in your organization? Training is not enough; Education is necessary. In Journal of Trauma & Dissociation (Vol. 20, Issue 5, pp. 489–494). Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.1080/15299732.2019.1663475
- Grigorovich, A., & Kontos, P. (2019). A critical realist exploration of the vulnerability of staff to sexual harassment in residential long-term care. Social Science & Medicine, 238, 112356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112356
- Leemis, R. W., Espelage, D. L., Basile, K. C., Mercer Kollar, L. M., & Davis, J. P. (2019). Traditional and cyber bullying and sexual harassment: A longitudinal assessment of risk and protective factors. Aggressive Behavior, 45(2), 181–192. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.21808
- Li, J., Antonenko, P. D., & Wang, J. (2019). Trends and issues in multimedia learning research in 1996–2016: A bibliometric analysis. Educational Research Review, 28, 100282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2019.100282
- Li, X., Xu, C., Yang, G., Chen, Z., & Dong, J. (2019). W2vv++ fully deep learning for ad-hoc video search. Proceedings of the 27th ACM International Conference on Multimedia, 1786–1794. https://doi.org/10.1145/3343031.3350906
- Mayer, R. E. (2019). How multimedia can improve learning and instruction. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1017/9781108235631.019
- Medeiros, K., & Griffith, J. (2019). # Ustoo: How IO psychologists can extend the conversation on sexual harassment and sexual assault through workplace training. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 12(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1017/iop.2018.155
- Meyer, O. A., Omdahl, M. K., & Makransky, G. (2019). Investigating the effect of pre-training when learning through immersive virtual reality and video: A media and methods experiment. Computers & Education, 140, 103603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2019.103603
- Mutlu-Bayraktar, D., Cosgun, V., & Altan, T. (2019). Cognitive load in multimedia learning environments: A systematic review. Computers & Education, 141, 103618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2019.103618
- Nan, R., & Zhang, H. (2019). Multimedia learning platform development and implementation based on cloud environment. Multimedia Tools and Applications, 78(24), 35651–35664. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-019-08187-8
- Phillips, S. P., Webber, J., Imbeau, S., Quaife, T., Hagan, D., Maar, M., & Abourbih, J. (2019). Sexual harassment of Canadian medical students: a national survey. EClinicalMedicine, 7, 15–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2019.01.008
- Rossetto, L., Gasser, R., Lokoč, J., Bailer, W., Schoeffmann, K., Muenzer, B., Souček, T., Nguyen, P. A., Bolettieri, P., & Leibetseder, A. (2020). Interactive video retrieval in the age of deep learning–detailed evaluation of VBS 2019. IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, 23, 243–256. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9037125
- Smith, D. M., Johns, N. E., & Raj, A. (2022). Do sexual minorities face greater risk for sexual harassment, ever and at school, in adolescence? Findings from a 2019 cross-sectional study of US adults. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(3–4), NP1963–NP1987. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260520926315
- Sreenu, G., & Durai, S. (2019). Intelligent video surveillance: a review through deep learning techniques for crowd analysis. Journal of Big Data, 6(1), 1–27. https://journalofbigdata.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40537-019-0212-5
- Thurston, R. C., Chang, Y., Matthews, K. A., Von Känel, R., & Koenen, K. (2019). Association of sexual harassment and sexual assault with midlife women’s mental and physical health. JAMA Internal Medicine, 179(1), 48–53. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/article-abstract/2705688
- van Daal, V. H. P., Sandvik, J. M., & Adèr, H. J. (2019). A meta-analysis of multimedia applications: How effective are interventions with e-Books, Computer-Assisted Instruction and TV/Video on literacy learning? In Reading in the digital age: Young children’s experiences with e-books (pp. 259–296). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20077-0_14
References
Brown, S. E. V, & Battle, J. S. (2019). Ostracizing targets of workplace sexual harassment before and after the# MeToo movement. Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal. https://doi.org/10.1108/EDI-09-2018-0162
Chowdhury, A. G., Sawhney, R., Mathur, P., Mahata, D., & Shah, R. R. (2019). Speak up, fight back! detection of social media disclosures of sexual harassment. Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Student Research Workshop, 136–146. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/N19-3018
Derry, S. J., Sherin, M. G., & Sherin, B. L. (2014). Multimedia learning with video. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1017/CBO9781139547369.038
Dobbin, F., & Kalev, A. (2019). The promise and peril of sexual harassment programs. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(25), 12255–12260. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1818477116
Freyd, J. J., & Smidt, A. M. (2019). So you want to address sexual harassment and assault in your organization? Training is not enough; Education is necessary. In Journal of Trauma & Dissociation (Vol. 20, Issue 5, pp. 489–494). Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.1080/15299732.2019.1663475
Grigorovich, A., & Kontos, P. (2019). A critical realist exploration of the vulnerability of staff to sexual harassment in residential long-term care. Social Science & Medicine, 238, 112356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112356
Leemis, R. W., Espelage, D. L., Basile, K. C., Mercer Kollar, L. M., & Davis, J. P. (2019). Traditional and cyber bullying and sexual harassment: A longitudinal assessment of risk and protective factors. Aggressive Behavior, 45(2), 181–192. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.21808
Li, J., Antonenko, P. D., & Wang, J. (2019). Trends and issues in multimedia learning research in 1996–2016: A bibliometric analysis. Educational Research Review, 28, 100282. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2019.100282
Li, X., Xu, C., Yang, G., Chen, Z., & Dong, J. (2019). W2vv++ fully deep learning for ad-hoc video search. Proceedings of the 27th ACM International Conference on Multimedia, 1786–1794. https://doi.org/10.1145/3343031.3350906
Mayer, R. E. (2019). How multimedia can improve learning and instruction. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1017/9781108235631.019
Medeiros, K., & Griffith, J. (2019). # Ustoo: How IO psychologists can extend the conversation on sexual harassment and sexual assault through workplace training. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 12(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1017/iop.2018.155
Meyer, O. A., Omdahl, M. K., & Makransky, G. (2019). Investigating the effect of pre-training when learning through immersive virtual reality and video: A media and methods experiment. Computers & Education, 140, 103603. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2019.103603
Mutlu-Bayraktar, D., Cosgun, V., & Altan, T. (2019). Cognitive load in multimedia learning environments: A systematic review. Computers & Education, 141, 103618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2019.103618
Nan, R., & Zhang, H. (2019). Multimedia learning platform development and implementation based on cloud environment. Multimedia Tools and Applications, 78(24), 35651–35664. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-019-08187-8
Phillips, S. P., Webber, J., Imbeau, S., Quaife, T., Hagan, D., Maar, M., & Abourbih, J. (2019). Sexual harassment of Canadian medical students: a national survey. EClinicalMedicine, 7, 15–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2019.01.008
Rossetto, L., Gasser, R., Lokoč, J., Bailer, W., Schoeffmann, K., Muenzer, B., Souček, T., Nguyen, P. A., Bolettieri, P., & Leibetseder, A. (2020). Interactive video retrieval in the age of deep learning–detailed evaluation of VBS 2019. IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, 23, 243–256. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/9037125
Smith, D. M., Johns, N. E., & Raj, A. (2022). Do sexual minorities face greater risk for sexual harassment, ever and at school, in adolescence? Findings from a 2019 cross-sectional study of US adults. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(3–4), NP1963–NP1987. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260520926315
Sreenu, G., & Durai, S. (2019). Intelligent video surveillance: a review through deep learning techniques for crowd analysis. Journal of Big Data, 6(1), 1–27. https://journalofbigdata.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40537-019-0212-5
Thurston, R. C., Chang, Y., Matthews, K. A., Von Känel, R., & Koenen, K. (2019). Association of sexual harassment and sexual assault with midlife women’s mental and physical health. JAMA Internal Medicine, 179(1), 48–53. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/article-abstract/2705688
van Daal, V. H. P., Sandvik, J. M., & Adèr, H. J. (2019). A meta-analysis of multimedia applications: How effective are interventions with e-Books, Computer-Assisted Instruction and TV/Video on literacy learning? In Reading in the digital age: Young children’s experiences with e-books (pp. 259–296). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20077-0_14
