Main Article Content
Abstract
Purpose: This study explores the challenges and opportunities in international business management, focusing on the complex dynamics shaping organizational strategies in a global context. It aims to understand how cultural diversity, economic volatility, and geopolitical risks influence international operations and how businesses can leverage these factors for strategic advantage.
Research Design and Methodology: The study employs a qualitative research design with a literature review approach. It systematically analyzes scholarly works, including academic journals, books, and reports. This method provides a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted aspects of international business management, highlighting both challenges and opportunities.
Findings and Discussion: The findings indicate that cultural diversity presents a significant challenge in international business, emphasizing the importance of cultural intelligence in navigating diverse environments. Economic volatility and geopolitical risks also require adaptive strategies to manage global uncertainties. Despite these challenges, the study identifies opportunities for growth through digital transformation and strategic collaborations, suggesting that businesses can capitalize on innovation and cross-cultural engagement for success.
Implications: The study highlights the need for organizations to invest in cross-cultural competence, foster inclusive cultures, and collaborate with policymakers to address regulatory complexities. It recommends further research on the role of digital technologies and strategic alliances in enhancing global business performance, enabling organizations to achieve sustained success and competitive advantage in the international marketplace.
Keywords
Article Details
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References
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- Anderson, E. (2011). The Growth and Development of Exporting Research: A Review of the Literature. Journal of International Marketing, 19(2), 63–77. https://doi.org/10.1509/jim.10.0127
- Ang, S. H., Van Dyne, L., & Koh, C. (2020). Cultural intelligence: Its measurement and effects on cultural judgment and decision making, cultural adaptation and task performance. Management and Organization Review, 16(2), 255-287. https://doi.org/10.1017/mor.2019.32
- Banerjee, B., Mavondo, F. T., & Westberg, K. (2021). Sustainable marketing in emerging markets: New strategies for global growth. Springer.
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- Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture's Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions, and Organizations Across Nations. Sage Publications.
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- Ivanov, D., & Dolgui, A. (2021). A digital supply chain twin for managing the disruptions of the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Production Research, 58(8), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2020.1832361
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- Lee, S. M., Trimi, S., & Kim, C. (2021). The impact of digital technology on marketing strategies: Evidence from retail banks. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 59, 102356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2020.102356
- Li, J., & Ye, Z. (2021). Digital marketing strategy: Theory, implementation, and practice. Routledge.
- Luo, Y. (2003). Industrial dynamics and managerial networking in an emerging market: The case of China. Strategic Management Journal, 24(13), 1315-1327. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.351
- Makino, S., Chan, C. M., & Isobe, T. (2020). The impact of geopolitical risk on international business strategy. Journal of World Business, 55(3), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2019.101074
- Park, S. H., Westphal, J. D., & Stern, I. (2020). A review of research on political ties and firm performance: Policy implications. Journal of Management, 46(1), 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206319874046
- Root, F. R. (1992). Entry Strategies for International Markets. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
- Rugman, A. M., & Verbeke, A. (2004). A perspective on regional and global strategies of multinational enterprises. Journal of International Business Studies, 35(1), 3-18. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400071
- Sengupta, S., & Johanson, M. M. (2008). Cross-Cultural Competence: A Field Guide for Developing Global Leaders and Managers. Intercultural Press.
- Smith, P. B., Peterson, M. F., & Schwartz, S. H. (Eds.). (2022). Cultural Issues in Psychology: A Student's Handbook. Cambridge University Press.
- Taras, V., Steel, P., & Kirkman, B. L. (2019). Improving cultural competence: What it is and how to develop it. Human Resource Management, 58(2), 149-166. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.21909
- Zhao, Y., Guo, W., & Yang, X. (2022). A strategic view of emerging markets: Opportunities, challenges, and implications for multinational enterprises. Journal of International Management, 28(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intman.2021.100839
References
Abhishek, V. (2013). A Review of International Business Literature: Is There Convergence Between Developed and Emerging Economies? Global Journal of Management and Business Studies, 3(4), 389–394.
Anderson, E. (2011). The Growth and Development of Exporting Research: A Review of the Literature. Journal of International Marketing, 19(2), 63–77. https://doi.org/10.1509/jim.10.0127
Ang, S. H., Van Dyne, L., & Koh, C. (2020). Cultural intelligence: Its measurement and effects on cultural judgment and decision making, cultural adaptation and task performance. Management and Organization Review, 16(2), 255-287. https://doi.org/10.1017/mor.2019.32
Banerjee, B., Mavondo, F. T., & Westberg, K. (2021). Sustainable marketing in emerging markets: New strategies for global growth. Springer.
Bartik, A. W., Bertrand, M., Cullen, Z. B., Glaeser, E. L., Luca, M., & Stanton, C. (2020). How are small businesses adjusting to COVID-19? Early evidence from a survey. National Bureau of Economic Research. https://doi.org/10.3386/w26989
Beamish, P. W., Lupton, N. C., & Makino, S. (2020). Alliance portfolios and international business strategy. Journal of International Business Studies, 51(2), 1-28. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-019-00263-4
Bouchery, Y., Ghaffari, A., Jemai, Z., & Dallery, Y. (2019). Scenario planning for supply chain disruption risk management: A novel approach using machine learning. Omega, 87, 1-21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.omega.2018.06.003
Brewer, N., Fusch, P., & Jones, L. (2019). Using immersive virtual environments to measure cultural intelligence: A research note. Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, 55(3), 271-284. https://doi.org/10.1177/0021886319827002
Cavusgil, S. T., Knight, G., Riesenberger, J. R., Rammal, H. G., & Rose, E. L. (2020). International Business: The New Realities (5th ed.). Pearson.
Choi, Y., Hu, Y. J., & Wong, K. F. (2020). International data protection law and enforcement: Perspectives on the General Data Protection Regulation. International Journal of Information Management, 50, 302-306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2019.10.005
Contractor, F. J., Foss, N. J., Kundu, S. K., & Lahiri, S. (2016). The home country in the age of globalization: How much does it matter for firm performance? Journal of World Business, 51(1), 144-155. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2015.08.002
Daniels, J. D., Radebaugh, L. H., & Sullivan, D. P. (2015). International Business: Environments and Operations (15th ed.). Pearson.
Enderwick, P., Fleming, D., & Hay, D. (2021). Emerging Markets and Globalization: Exploring New Paradigms. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Evenett, S. J., & Fritz, J. (2021). Escalating US-China trade tension: Causes and consequences. Asian Economic Policy Review, 16(1), 44-57. https://doi.org/10.1111/aepr.12361
Fainshmidt, S., Pezeshkan, A., Lance Frazier, M., & Nair, A. (2019). A review of modern theories explaining the relationship between MNEs and NGOs. Journal of International Business Studies, 50(1), 20-35. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-018-0195-3
Farh, C. I. C., Bartol, K. M., Shapiro, D. L., & Shin, J. (2021). Beyond the pandemic: How remote work will shape the new organizational structure. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 28(3), 384-391. https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051820986193
Gulati, R., Puranam, P., & Tushman, M. L. (2019). Meta-organization design: Rethinking design in interorganizational and community contexts. Strategic Management Journal, 40(6), 834-864. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.3025
Gupta, R., & Barua, M. K. (2021). Understanding corporate social responsibility: The Indian context. Springer.
Hill, C. W. L. (2017). Global Business Today. McGraw-Hill Education.
Hill, C. W. L. (2020). International Business: Competing in the Global Marketplace. McGraw-Hill Education.
Hofstede, G. (1980). Culture's Consequences: International Differences in Work-Related Values. Sage Publications.
Hofstede, G. (2001). Culture's Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions, and Organizations Across Nations. Sage Publications.
Ibeh, K. (2009). Towards More Effective Global Competitiveness Strategies for Firms from Emerging Economies: The Role of International Business Research. Critical Perspectives on International Business, 5(1/2), 6–25. https://doi.org/10.1108/17422040910942411
Ivanov, D., & Dolgui, A. (2021). A digital supply chain twin for managing the disruptions of the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Production Research, 58(8), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2020.1832361
Kamath, V., & Maitra, R. (2020). The predictive analytics process: Techniques and strategies for business insights. Apress.
Kumar, V., Pozza, I. D., & Ganesh, J. (2020). Transformative marketing strategies: How to create, implement, and accelerate growth. Harvard Business Review Press.
Lee, S. M., Trimi, S., & Kim, C. (2021). The impact of digital technology on marketing strategies: Evidence from retail banks. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 59, 102356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2020.102356
Li, J., & Ye, Z. (2021). Digital marketing strategy: Theory, implementation, and practice. Routledge.
Luo, Y. (2003). Industrial dynamics and managerial networking in an emerging market: The case of China. Strategic Management Journal, 24(13), 1315-1327. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.351
Makino, S., Chan, C. M., & Isobe, T. (2020). The impact of geopolitical risk on international business strategy. Journal of World Business, 55(3), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2019.101074
Park, S. H., Westphal, J. D., & Stern, I. (2020). A review of research on political ties and firm performance: Policy implications. Journal of Management, 46(1), 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206319874046
Root, F. R. (1992). Entry Strategies for International Markets. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Rugman, A. M., & Verbeke, A. (2004). A perspective on regional and global strategies of multinational enterprises. Journal of International Business Studies, 35(1), 3-18. https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8400071
Sengupta, S., & Johanson, M. M. (2008). Cross-Cultural Competence: A Field Guide for Developing Global Leaders and Managers. Intercultural Press.
Smith, P. B., Peterson, M. F., & Schwartz, S. H. (Eds.). (2022). Cultural Issues in Psychology: A Student's Handbook. Cambridge University Press.
Taras, V., Steel, P., & Kirkman, B. L. (2019). Improving cultural competence: What it is and how to develop it. Human Resource Management, 58(2), 149-166. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.21909
Zhao, Y., Guo, W., & Yang, X. (2022). A strategic view of emerging markets: Opportunities, challenges, and implications for multinational enterprises. Journal of International Management, 28(1), 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intman.2021.100839