Main Article Content
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explore the multifaceted nature of corporate governance, focusing on the interplay between oversight mechanisms and accountability frameworks. Through a comprehensive review of scholarly literature and empirical research findings, this paper examines the role of various governance mechanisms, including boards of directors, internal control systems, and accountability mechanisms, in shaping governance practices and outcomes. The research design involves a qualitative synthesis of existing literature, supplemented by insights from interdisciplinary perspectives such as economics, law, management, and sociology. Findings highlight the critical importance of board composition, independence, and expertise in enhancing governance effectiveness and mitigating agency conflicts. Additionally, the study underscores the significance of internal control systems, risk management processes, and external accountability mechanisms in fostering transparency, fairness, and trust among stakeholders. The implications of these findings extend to academia, where the research contributes to a deeper understanding of corporate governance complexities, and to practice, where organizations can leverage insights to strengthen their governance frameworks and foster stakeholder trust.
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References
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- Ahmed, A. S. (2008). Corporate governance and firm performance: Evidence from Bangladesh. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 16(5), 581-591. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8683.2008.00691.x
- Bebchuk, L. A., & Fried, J. M. (2004). Pay without performance: The unfulfilled promise of executive compensation. Harvard University Press.
- Black, B. S., Jang, H., & Kim, W. (2018). Does corporate governance predict firms’ market values? Evidence from Korea. Journal of Corporate Finance, 48, 542-555. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2017.12.010
- Bovens, M. (2007). Analysing and assessing accountability: A conceptual framework. European Law Journal, 13(4), 447-468. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0386.2007.00360.x
- Bushman, R. M., & Smith, A. J. (2001). Financial accounting information and corporate governance. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 32(1-3), 237-333. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-4101(01)00027-1
- Castellini, M. (2012). The role of good governance practices in corporate performance. Journal of Business Ethics, 109(3), 289-301. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-1120-1
- Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). (2013). Internal Control - Integrated Framework. Retrieved from https://www.coso.org/Pages/ic.aspx
- Corgel, J. B. (2004). The effectiveness of audit committees in corporate governance: Evidence from the real estate investment trust industry. Journal of Real Estate Research, 26(4), 379-396. https://doi.org/10.5555/rees.26.4.379
- Daily, C. M., Dalton, D. R., & Cannella Jr, A. A. (2003). Corporate governance: Decades of dialogue and data. Academy of Management Review, 28(3), 371-382. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2003.10196772
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- Daily, C. M., Dalton, D. R., & Cannella Jr, A. A. (2019). The demand and supply of director labor: Board composition and its consequences. Academy of Management Journal, 62(1), 4-25. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2017.1173
- Dalton, D. R., Daily, C. M., Ellstrand, A. E., & Johnson, J. L. (1998). Meta-analytic reviews of board composition, leadership structure, and financial performance. Strategic Management Journal, 19(3), 269-290. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199803)19:3<269::AID-SMJ950>3.0.CO;2-K
- Denis, D. J., McConnell, J. J., & Ovtchinnikov, A. (2019). Governance and social responsibility in multinational corporations. Journal of International Business Studies, 50(7), 1100-1117. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-018-00223-7
- Dhar, V. (2018). Data governance: A framework for successful data-driven business outcomes. California Management Review, 60(1), 65-83. https://doi.org/10.1177/0008125617747124
- Du, S., Bhattacharya, C. B., & Sen, S. (2020). Social media metrics — A framework and guidelines for managing social media. Journal of Marketing, 84(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022242919898030
- Edmans, A. (2020). Grow the pie: How great companies deliver both purpose and profit. Cambridge University Press.
- Erhardt, N. L., Werbel, J. D., & Shrader, C. B. (2003). Board of director diversity and firm financial performance. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 11(2), 102-111. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8683.00011
- Flammer, C. (2015). Corporate governance and corporate social responsibility: A typology of OECD countries. Journal of Business Ethics, 127(1), 91-111. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2048-0
- Flammer, C. (2015). Corporate social responsibility and shareholder reaction: The environmental awareness of investors. Academy of Management Journal, 58(3), 723-749. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2013.1086
- Freeman, R. E., Harrison, J. S., Wicks, A. C., Parmar, B. L., & De Colle, S. (2010). Stakeholder theory: The state of the art. Cambridge University Press.
- Gompers, P., Ishii, J., & Metrick, A. (2020). Corporate governance and equity prices. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 125(1), 213-252. https://doi.org/10.1162/00335530360535162
- Hawn, O., & Ioannou, I. (2016). Mind the gap: The interplay between external and internal actions in the case of corporate social responsibility. Strategic Management Journal, 37(13), 2569-2588. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2451
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- Hong, H., & Kacperczyk, M. T. (2009). The price of sin: The effects of social norms on markets. Journal of Financial Economics, 93(1), 15-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2008.07.004
- Jensen, M. C. (1993). The modern industrial revolution, exit, and the failure of internal control systems. Journal of Finance, 48(3), 831-880. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1993.tb04022.x
- Kakabadse, A., Kakabadse, N., & Lee-Davies, L. (2005). Leadership in the boardroom: Bridging the gap between governance and management. Palgrave Macmillan.
- Kiron, D., Prentice, P. K., Ferguson, R. B., & Kruschwitz, N. (2018). Reshaping business with artificial intelligence. MIT Sloan Management Review, 59(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1162/itgg_a_00084
- Lee, J., Lee, K., & Yoo, C. (2021). The relationship between corporate governance, financial performance, and firm value: Empirical evidence from Korea. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 57(4), 830-847. https://doi.org/10.1080/1540496X.2020.1787472
- Mackey, A., Mackey, T. B., & Barney, J. B. (2007). Corporate social responsibility and firm performance: Investor preferences and corporate strategies. Academy of Management Review, 32(3), 817-835. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2007.25275684
- Mallin, C. (2016). Shareholder activism. Oxford University Press.
- Miceli, M. P., & Near, J. P. (2002). Whistle-blowing in organizations. Routledge.
- Monks, R. A. G., & Minow, N. (2011). Corporate governance. John Wiley & Sons.
- O'Donoghue, T., & Lys, T. (2003). Disclosure, governance, and the cost of equity capital. The Accounting Review, 78(2), 457-477. https://doi.org/10.2308/accr.2003.78.2.457
- Roberts, J., McNulty, T., & Stiles, P. (2005). Beyond agency conceptions of the work of the non-executive director: Creating accountability in the boardroom. British Journal of Management, 16(1), 5-26. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8551.2005.00431.x
- Rosenzweig, P. M. (2019). Governance of organizations: The globalization of corporate governance. Journal of Management Inquiry, 8(2), 97-114. https://doi.org/10.1177/105649269982003
- Shleifer, A., & Vishny, R. W. (1997). A survey of corporate governance. The Journal of Finance, 52(2), 737-783. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1997.tb04820.x
- Solomon, J. (2007). Corporate governance and accountability. John Wiley & Sons.
- Tang, Q., & Luo, Y. (2019). Leveraging social media data for actionable insights in the digital age. Journal of International Business Studies, 50(1), 102-116. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-018-0183-4
- Trevino, L. K., Weaver, G. R., & Reynolds, S. J. (2006). Behavioral ethics in organizations: A review. Journal of Management, 32(6), 951-990. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206306294258
- Tricker, R. I. (2015). Corporate governance: Principles, policies, and practices. Oxford University Press.
- Vyas, M. (2018). Corporate governance and organizational performance: A review of the literature. Journal of Management and Governance, 22(2), 393-409. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10997-017-9380-z
- Waddock, S., & Bodwell, C. (2004). Managing responsibility: What can be learned from the quality movement? California Management Review, 47(1), 25-37. https://doi.org/10.2307/41166322
- Weill, P., & Ross, J. W. (2004). IT governance: How top performers manage IT decision rights for superior results. Harvard Business Press.
References
Adams, R. B., Hermalin, B. E., & Weisbach, M. S. (2010). The role of boards of directors in corporate governance: A conceptual framework and survey. Journal of Economic Literature, 48(1), 58-107. https://doi.org/10.1257/jel.48.1.58
Ahmed, A. S. (2008). Corporate governance and firm performance: Evidence from Bangladesh. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 16(5), 581-591. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8683.2008.00691.x
Bebchuk, L. A., & Fried, J. M. (2004). Pay without performance: The unfulfilled promise of executive compensation. Harvard University Press.
Black, B. S., Jang, H., & Kim, W. (2018). Does corporate governance predict firms’ market values? Evidence from Korea. Journal of Corporate Finance, 48, 542-555. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2017.12.010
Bovens, M. (2007). Analysing and assessing accountability: A conceptual framework. European Law Journal, 13(4), 447-468. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0386.2007.00360.x
Bushman, R. M., & Smith, A. J. (2001). Financial accounting information and corporate governance. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 32(1-3), 237-333. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-4101(01)00027-1
Castellini, M. (2012). The role of good governance practices in corporate performance. Journal of Business Ethics, 109(3), 289-301. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-011-1120-1
Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). (2013). Internal Control - Integrated Framework. Retrieved from https://www.coso.org/Pages/ic.aspx
Corgel, J. B. (2004). The effectiveness of audit committees in corporate governance: Evidence from the real estate investment trust industry. Journal of Real Estate Research, 26(4), 379-396. https://doi.org/10.5555/rees.26.4.379
Daily, C. M., Dalton, D. R., & Cannella Jr, A. A. (2003). Corporate governance: Decades of dialogue and data. Academy of Management Review, 28(3), 371-382. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2003.10196772
Daily, C. M., Dalton, D. R., & Cannella Jr, A. A. (2003). Corporate governance: Decades of dialogue and data. Academy of Management Review, 28(3), 371-382. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2003.10196772
Daily, C. M., Dalton, D. R., & Cannella Jr, A. A. (2019). The demand and supply of director labor: Board composition and its consequences. Academy of Management Journal, 62(1), 4-25. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2017.1173
Dalton, D. R., Daily, C. M., Ellstrand, A. E., & Johnson, J. L. (1998). Meta-analytic reviews of board composition, leadership structure, and financial performance. Strategic Management Journal, 19(3), 269-290. https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0266(199803)19:3<269::AID-SMJ950>3.0.CO;2-K
Denis, D. J., McConnell, J. J., & Ovtchinnikov, A. (2019). Governance and social responsibility in multinational corporations. Journal of International Business Studies, 50(7), 1100-1117. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-018-00223-7
Dhar, V. (2018). Data governance: A framework for successful data-driven business outcomes. California Management Review, 60(1), 65-83. https://doi.org/10.1177/0008125617747124
Du, S., Bhattacharya, C. B., & Sen, S. (2020). Social media metrics — A framework and guidelines for managing social media. Journal of Marketing, 84(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022242919898030
Edmans, A. (2020). Grow the pie: How great companies deliver both purpose and profit. Cambridge University Press.
Erhardt, N. L., Werbel, J. D., & Shrader, C. B. (2003). Board of director diversity and firm financial performance. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 11(2), 102-111. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8683.00011
Flammer, C. (2015). Corporate governance and corporate social responsibility: A typology of OECD countries. Journal of Business Ethics, 127(1), 91-111. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-014-2048-0
Flammer, C. (2015). Corporate social responsibility and shareholder reaction: The environmental awareness of investors. Academy of Management Journal, 58(3), 723-749. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2013.1086
Freeman, R. E., Harrison, J. S., Wicks, A. C., Parmar, B. L., & De Colle, S. (2010). Stakeholder theory: The state of the art. Cambridge University Press.
Gompers, P., Ishii, J., & Metrick, A. (2020). Corporate governance and equity prices. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 125(1), 213-252. https://doi.org/10.1162/00335530360535162
Hawn, O., & Ioannou, I. (2016). Mind the gap: The interplay between external and internal actions in the case of corporate social responsibility. Strategic Management Journal, 37(13), 2569-2588. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.2451
Hermalin, B. E., & Weisbach, M. S. (2003). Boards of directors as an endogenously determined institution: A survey of the economic literature. Economic Policy Review, 9(1), 7-26. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.380180
Hong, H., & Kacperczyk, M. T. (2009). The price of sin: The effects of social norms on markets. Journal of Financial Economics, 93(1), 15-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2008.07.004
Jensen, M. C. (1993). The modern industrial revolution, exit, and the failure of internal control systems. Journal of Finance, 48(3), 831-880. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1993.tb04022.x
Kakabadse, A., Kakabadse, N., & Lee-Davies, L. (2005). Leadership in the boardroom: Bridging the gap between governance and management. Palgrave Macmillan.
Kiron, D., Prentice, P. K., Ferguson, R. B., & Kruschwitz, N. (2018). Reshaping business with artificial intelligence. MIT Sloan Management Review, 59(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1162/itgg_a_00084
Lee, J., Lee, K., & Yoo, C. (2021). The relationship between corporate governance, financial performance, and firm value: Empirical evidence from Korea. Emerging Markets Finance and Trade, 57(4), 830-847. https://doi.org/10.1080/1540496X.2020.1787472
Mackey, A., Mackey, T. B., & Barney, J. B. (2007). Corporate social responsibility and firm performance: Investor preferences and corporate strategies. Academy of Management Review, 32(3), 817-835. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2007.25275684
Mallin, C. (2016). Shareholder activism. Oxford University Press.
Miceli, M. P., & Near, J. P. (2002). Whistle-blowing in organizations. Routledge.
Monks, R. A. G., & Minow, N. (2011). Corporate governance. John Wiley & Sons.
O'Donoghue, T., & Lys, T. (2003). Disclosure, governance, and the cost of equity capital. The Accounting Review, 78(2), 457-477. https://doi.org/10.2308/accr.2003.78.2.457
Roberts, J., McNulty, T., & Stiles, P. (2005). Beyond agency conceptions of the work of the non-executive director: Creating accountability in the boardroom. British Journal of Management, 16(1), 5-26. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8551.2005.00431.x
Rosenzweig, P. M. (2019). Governance of organizations: The globalization of corporate governance. Journal of Management Inquiry, 8(2), 97-114. https://doi.org/10.1177/105649269982003
Shleifer, A., & Vishny, R. W. (1997). A survey of corporate governance. The Journal of Finance, 52(2), 737-783. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6261.1997.tb04820.x
Solomon, J. (2007). Corporate governance and accountability. John Wiley & Sons.
Tang, Q., & Luo, Y. (2019). Leveraging social media data for actionable insights in the digital age. Journal of International Business Studies, 50(1), 102-116. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41267-018-0183-4
Trevino, L. K., Weaver, G. R., & Reynolds, S. J. (2006). Behavioral ethics in organizations: A review. Journal of Management, 32(6), 951-990. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206306294258
Tricker, R. I. (2015). Corporate governance: Principles, policies, and practices. Oxford University Press.
Vyas, M. (2018). Corporate governance and organizational performance: A review of the literature. Journal of Management and Governance, 22(2), 393-409. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10997-017-9380-z
Waddock, S., & Bodwell, C. (2004). Managing responsibility: What can be learned from the quality movement? California Management Review, 47(1), 25-37. https://doi.org/10.2307/41166322
Weill, P., & Ross, J. W. (2004). IT governance: How top performers manage IT decision rights for superior results. Harvard Business Press.