Main Article Content
Abstract
Purpose: This study explores the challenges and opportunities non-profit organizations (NPOs) face in implementing social accounting, focusing on organizations operating in resource-constrained environments, particularly in developing countries. The research aims to identify barriers such as financial limitations, lack of expertise, and cultural differences while examining the potential of technological innovations and international collaborations to overcome these challenges.
Research Design and Methodology: A qualitative research design using a systematic literature review was employed to gather insights from existing studies on social accounting practices within NPOs. The analysis focused on identifying common themes and emerging trends that inform the implementation of social accounting in different organizational and regional contexts.
Findings and Discussion: The findings reveal that NPOs face significant obstacles, particularly in terms of financial resources and access to skilled personnel for social accounting. Cultural and regional factors also play a role in the varying levels of adoption. However, the study highlights the opportunities provided by technological innovations such as AI, cloud-based systems, and Big Data, as well as the benefits of international collaborations in enhancing transparency and accountability.
Implications: The study provides practical recommendations for NPO leaders, emphasizing the need for capacity building, technological adoption, and strategic partnerships to improve social accounting. It also calls for developing standardized reporting frameworks to ensure consistency and comparability across the sector.
Keywords
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References
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References
Almog-Bar, M., & Schmid, H. (2014). Advocacy activities of nonprofit human service organizations: A critical review. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 43(1), 11–35. https://doi.org/10.1177/08997640134832
Arvidson, M., & Lyon, F. (2014). Social Impact Measurement and Non-profit Organisations: Compliance, Resistance, and Promotion. VOLUNTAS: International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations, 25(4), 869–886. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11266-013-9373-6
Aureli, S., Salvatori, F., & Magnaghi, E. (2020). A Country-Comparative Analysis of the Transposition of the EU Non-Financial Directive: An Institutional Approach. 10(2). https://doi.org/doi:10.1515/ael-2018-0047
Bamakan, S. M. H., Motavali, A., & Babaei Bondarti, A. (2020). A survey of blockchain consensus algorithms performance evaluation criteria. Expert Systems with Applications, 154, 113385. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2020.113385
Barbera, C., Guarini, E., & Steccolini, I. (2020). How do governments cope with austerity? The roles of accounting in shaping governmental financial resilience. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 33(3), 529–558. https://doi.org/10.1108/AAAJ-11-2018-3739
Bruni-Bossio, V. A. (2021). Examining Accountability in Socially Focused Non-Profit Organizations. January. https://128.233.230.70/handle/10388/13276
Caputo, F., Pizzi, S., Ligorio, L., & Leopizzi, R. (2021). Enhancing environmental information transparency through corporate social responsibility reporting regulation. Business Strategy and the Environment, 30(8), 3470–3484. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.2814
Deegan, C. (2017). Twenty five years of social and environmental accounting research within Critical Perspectives of Accounting: Hits, misses and ways forward. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 43, 65–87. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpa.2016.06.005
Gamble, E. N., Parker, S. C., & Moroz, P. W. (2020). Measuring the Integration of Social and Environmental Missions in Hybrid Organizations. Journal of Business Ethics, 167(2), 271–284. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-019-04146-3
Gazzola, P., Amelio, S., Papagiannis, F., & Michaelides, Z. (2021). Sustainability reporting practices and their social impact to NGO funding in Italy. Critical Perspectives on Accounting, 79, 102085. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpa.2019.04.006
Gisladottir, J., Sigurgeirsdottir, S., Stjernquist, I., & Ragnarsdottir, K. V. (2022). Transparency and Leverage Points for Sustainable Resource Management. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142416801
Gulati, R., & Wohlgezogen, F. (2023). Can purpose foster stakeholder trust in corporations? Strategy Science, 8(2), 270–287.
Krasnopolskaya, I., & Meijs, L. (2019). The effect of enabling factors on social innovation in Russian non-profit organisations. International Journal of Sociology and Social Policy, 39(5/6), 447–463. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJSSP-09-2018-0140
Mulloth, B., & Rumi, S. (2022). Challenges to measuring social value creation through social impact assessments: the case of RVA Works. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 29(4), 528–549. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-06-2021-0219
Nguyen, M., Alshamari, A., & Wills, D. (2024). Stakeholder engagement and nonprofit organizations’ (NPOs) accountability: a social media-based study of the Australian 2019/2020 bushfire crisis. Meditari Accountancy Research, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/MEDAR-09-2023-2158
Nicholls, J. A. (2020). Integrating financial, social and environmental accounting. Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal, 11(4), 745–769. https://doi.org/10.1108/SAMPJ-01-2019-0030
Nielsen, J. G. (2020). Challenges and boundaries in implementing social return on investment : An inquiry into its situational appropriateness. November 2017, 413–435. https://doi.org/10.1002/nml.21439
Organizations, N., Erete, S., Ryou, E., Smith, G., Fassett, K., & Duda, S. (2016). Storytelling with Data : Examining the Use of Data by. 1273–1283. https://doi.org/10.1145/2818048.2820068
Ortega-rodr, C., & Licer, A. (2020). Transparency as a Key Element in Accountability in Non-Profit Organizations : A Systematic Literature Review. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12145834
Pigni, F., Piccoli, G., & Watson, R. (2016). Digital data streams: Creating value from the real-time flow of big data. California Management Review, 58(3), 5–25. https://doi.org/10.1525/cmr.2016.58.3.5
Poister, T. H. (2008). Measuring performance in public and nonprofit organizations. John Wiley & Sons.
Qian, W., Tilt, C., & Belal, A. (2021). Social and environmental accounting in developing countries: contextual challenges and insights. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 34(5), 1021–1050. https://doi.org/10.1108/AAAJ-03-2021-5172
Reeder, N., Colantonio, A., Loder, J., & Rocyn Jones, G. (2015). Measuring impact in impact investing: an analysis of the predominant strength that is also its greatest weakness. Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment, 5(3), 136–154. https://doi.org/10.1080/20430795.2015.1063977
Retolaza, J. L. (2021). Understanding Social Accounting Based on Evidence. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211003865
Rîndas, S. (2023). Implications for Sustainability Accounting and Reporting in the Context of the Automation-Driven Evolution of ERP Systems. 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics12081819
Rouault, J., & Albertini, E. (2022). Reconciling the social sector with external accountability requirements: Lessons from stewardship theory. Journal of Business Research, 142, 485–498. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.12.082
Sibisi, N., & Makka, A. (2022). Financial challenges experienced by South African non-profit organisations regarding CSR implementation. Social Responsibility Journal, 18(6), 1089–1105. https://doi.org/10.1108/SRJ-12-2019-0397
Tschopp, D., & Nastanski, M. (2014). The Harmonization and Convergence of Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting Standards. Journal of Business Ethics, 125(1), 147–162. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-013-1906-9
Watkins, S. C., Swidler, A., & Hannan, T. (2012). Outsourcing social transformation: Development NGOs as organizations. Annual Review of Sociology, 38(1), 285–315. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-071811-145516
Wellens, L., & Jegers, M. (2014). Effective governance in nonprofit organizations: A literature based multiple stakeholder approach. European Management Journal, 32(2), 223–243. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.emj.2013.01.007