Main Article Content
Abstract
Purpose: This study aims to systematically review the role of Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) in personalized marketing by examining AI algorithms, interpretability techniques, and their implications for consumer trust.
Research Method: A systematic literature review was conducted by analyzing peer-reviewed journal articles and conference papers related to AI, XAI, and personalized marketing. The study synthesizes findings across technical and behavioral dimensions to provide an integrated understanding of the research domain.
Results and Discussion: The results indicate that machine learning, deep learning, and recommender systems are the primary algorithms used in personalized marketing. However, increasing model complexity reduces interpretability, creating a need for XAI techniques such as LIME, SHAP, and attention mechanisms. The findings further reveal that XAI enhances consumer trust by improving transparency, understandability, and fairness, although contextual factors, including privacy concerns and user characteristics, influence this relationship.
Implications: This study contributes theoretically by integrating technical and behavioral perspectives into a unified framework. In practice, it provides managers with guidance on designing transparent and trustworthy AI systems and highlights the need for ethical, user-centered AI implementation.
Originality: This study is original in integrating technical perspectives on XAI with behavioral perspectives on consumer trust in personalized marketing. It offers a unified framework explaining how explainability supports transparency, fairness, and trust in AI-driven marketing.
Keywords
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References
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- Agarwal, U. (2026). Explainable AI Toolkits for Trustworthy Retail Decision-Making Systems. IJAIDR-Journal of Advances in Developmental Research, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.71097/IJAIDR.v17.i1.1680
- Ali, A., & Oad Rajput, S. K. (2024). Cracking the Code: Hidden Choices and Visible Impacts Pattern Recognition in Corporate Finance. Asia-Pacific Financial Markets. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10690-024-09487-2
- Barredo Arrieta, A., Díaz-Rodríguez, N., Del Ser, J., Bennetot, A., Tabik, S., Barbado, A., Garcia, S., Gil-Lopez, S., Molina, D., Benjamins, R., Chatila, R., & Herrera, F. (2020). Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI): Concepts, taxonomies, opportunities and challenges toward responsible AI. Information Fusion, 58, 82–115. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inffus.2019.12.012
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- Chingono, A. T. A., Chakweza, C. T., Kanyongo, R. S., & Tlou, R. (2026). Ai-Driven Personalisation In Digital Marketing: Balancing Innovation and Consumer Privacy. International Journal of Computer Applications, 187(75), 68–85. https://doi.org/10.5120/ijca2026926297
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- Goodfellow, I. (2016). Deep Learning/Goodfellow I., Bengio Y. and Courville A. Cambridge, MA, USA: MIT Press.
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- Hapsari, A. Y., & Asaari, A. H. (2025). The Role of Personalized Marketing and Service Quality in Enhancing Patient Engagement in Health Care Ayuningtyas. JKBM (JURNAL KONSEP BISNIS DAN MANAJEMEN), 11(2), 167–180. https://doi.org/10.31289/jkbm.v11i2.14597
- Haque, A. K. M. B., Islam, A. K. M. N., & Mikalef, P. (2023). Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) from a user perspective: A synthesis of prior literature and problematizing avenues for future research. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 186, 122120. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.122120
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- Huang, M.-H., & Rust, R. T. (2018). Artificial intelligence in service. Journal of Service Research, 21(2), 155–172. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670517752459
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- Ricci, F., Rokach, L., & Shapira, B. (2022). Fairness in recommender systems. Recommender Systems Handbook. Springer US, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2197-4
- Rudin, C. (2019). Stop explaining black box machine learning models for high stakes decisions and use interpretable models instead. Nature Machine Intelligence, 1(5), 206–215. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-019-0048-x
- Saarela, M., & Podgorelec, V. (2024). Recent applications of explainable AI (XAI): A systematic literature review. Applied Sciences, 14(19), 8884. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14198884
- Sarkar, M., Rashid, M. H. O., Hoque, M. R., & Mahmud, M. R. (2025). Explainable AI in e-commerce: Enhancing trust and transparency in AI-driven decisions. Innovatech Engineering Journal, 2(01), 12–39. https://doi.org/10.70937/itej.v2i01.53
- Sewada, R., Jangid, A., Kumar, P., & Mishra, N. (2023). Explainable artificial intelligence (xai). Journal of Nonlinear Analysis and Optimization, 13(1), 41–47. https://doi.org/10.36893/JNAO.2022.V13I02.041-047
- Shin, D. (2021). The effects of explainability and causability on perception, trust, and acceptance: Implications for explainable AI. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 146, 102551. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2020.102551
- Vishwakarma, R. K., Pandey, A., Kundnani, M. P., Yadav, A. K., Singh, M. N., & Yadav, M. S. (2025). Personalization vs. privacy: Marketing strategies in the digital age. Journal of Marketing & Social Research, 2, 177–191.
- Wedel, M., & Kannan, P. K. (2016). Marketing analytics for data-rich environments. Journal of Marketing, 80(6), 97–121. https://doi.org/10.1509/jm.15.0413
- Zed, E. Z., Tri Mulyani Kartini, & Pupung Purnamasari. (2024). The Power Of Personalization : Exploring The Impact Of Ai-Driven Marketing Strategies On Consumer Loyalty In E-Commerce. Jurnal Ekonomi, 13(04 SE-Articles), 1303–1314. https://www.ejournal.seaninstitute.or.id/index.php/Ekonomi/article/view/5694
References
Adadi, A., & Berrada, M. (2018). Peeking Inside the Black-Box: A Survey on Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI). IEEE Access, 6, 52138–52160. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2870052
Agarwal, U. (2026). Explainable AI Toolkits for Trustworthy Retail Decision-Making Systems. IJAIDR-Journal of Advances in Developmental Research, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.71097/IJAIDR.v17.i1.1680
Ali, A., & Oad Rajput, S. K. (2024). Cracking the Code: Hidden Choices and Visible Impacts Pattern Recognition in Corporate Finance. Asia-Pacific Financial Markets. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10690-024-09487-2
Barredo Arrieta, A., Díaz-Rodríguez, N., Del Ser, J., Bennetot, A., Tabik, S., Barbado, A., Garcia, S., Gil-Lopez, S., Molina, D., Benjamins, R., Chatila, R., & Herrera, F. (2020). Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI): Concepts, taxonomies, opportunities and challenges toward responsible AI. Information Fusion, 58, 82–115. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.inffus.2019.12.012
Chandra, S., Verma, S., Lim, W. M., Kumar, S., & Donthu, N. (2022). Personalization in personalized marketing: Trends and ways forward. Psychology & Marketing, 39(8), 1529–1562. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.21670
Chingono, A. T. A., Chakweza, C. T., Kanyongo, R. S., & Tlou, R. (2026). Ai-Driven Personalisation In Digital Marketing: Balancing Innovation and Consumer Privacy. International Journal of Computer Applications, 187(75), 68–85. https://doi.org/10.5120/ijca2026926297
Chintalapati, S., & Pandey, S. K. (2022). Artificial intelligence in marketing: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Market Research, 64(1), 38–68. https://doi.org/10.1177/14707853211018428
Davenport, T., Guha, A., Grewal, D., & Bressgott, T. (2020). How artificial intelligence will change the future of marketing. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 48(1), 24–42. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-019-00696-0
Doshi-velez, F., & Kim, B. (2017). Towards A Rigorous Science of Interpretable Machine Learning. Ml, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1702.08608
Goodfellow, I. (2016). Deep Learning/Goodfellow I., Bengio Y. and Courville A. Cambridge, MA, USA: MIT Press.
Gunning, D., & Aha, D. (2019). DARPA’s explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) program. AI Magazine, 40(2), 44–58. https://ojs.aaai.org/aimagazine/index.php/aimagazine/article/view/2850.
Hapsari, A. Y., & Asaari, A. H. (2025). The Role of Personalized Marketing and Service Quality in Enhancing Patient Engagement in Health Care Ayuningtyas. JKBM (JURNAL KONSEP BISNIS DAN MANAJEMEN), 11(2), 167–180. https://doi.org/10.31289/jkbm.v11i2.14597
Haque, A. K. M. B., Islam, A. K. M. N., & Mikalef, P. (2023). Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) from a user perspective: A synthesis of prior literature and problematizing avenues for future research. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 186, 122120. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.122120
Hastie, T. (2009). The elements of statistical learning: data mining, inference, and prediction. springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-84858-7
Huang, M.-H., & Rust, R. T. (2018). Artificial intelligence in service. Journal of Service Research, 21(2), 155–172. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670517752459
Huang, M.-H., & Rust, R. T. (2021). A strategic framework for artificial intelligence in marketing. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 49(1), 30–50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-020-00749-9
Islam, M. R., Ahmed, M. U., Barua, S., & Begum, S. (2022). A systematic review of explainable artificial intelligence in terms of different application domains and tasks. Applied Sciences, 12(3), 1353. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12031353
Lemmens, A., Roos, J. M. T., Gabel, S., Ascarza, E., Bruno, H. A., Gordon, B. R., Israeli, A., McDonnell Feit, E., Mela, C. F., & Netzer, O. (2025). Personalization and targeting: how to experiment, learn & optimize. International Journal of Research in Marketing. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijresmar.2025.07.004
Mariani, M. M., Perez‐Vega, R., & Wirtz, J. (2022). AI in marketing, consumer research and psychology: A systematic literature review and research agenda. Psychology & Marketing, 39(4), 755–776. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.21619
Ricci, F., Rokach, L., & Shapira, B. (2022). Fairness in recommender systems. Recommender Systems Handbook. Springer US, New York, NY. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-2197-4
Rudin, C. (2019). Stop explaining black box machine learning models for high stakes decisions and use interpretable models instead. Nature Machine Intelligence, 1(5), 206–215. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42256-019-0048-x
Saarela, M., & Podgorelec, V. (2024). Recent applications of explainable AI (XAI): A systematic literature review. Applied Sciences, 14(19), 8884. https://doi.org/10.3390/app14198884
Sarkar, M., Rashid, M. H. O., Hoque, M. R., & Mahmud, M. R. (2025). Explainable AI in e-commerce: Enhancing trust and transparency in AI-driven decisions. Innovatech Engineering Journal, 2(01), 12–39. https://doi.org/10.70937/itej.v2i01.53
Sewada, R., Jangid, A., Kumar, P., & Mishra, N. (2023). Explainable artificial intelligence (xai). Journal of Nonlinear Analysis and Optimization, 13(1), 41–47. https://doi.org/10.36893/JNAO.2022.V13I02.041-047
Shin, D. (2021). The effects of explainability and causability on perception, trust, and acceptance: Implications for explainable AI. International Journal of Human-Computer Studies, 146, 102551. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2020.102551
Vishwakarma, R. K., Pandey, A., Kundnani, M. P., Yadav, A. K., Singh, M. N., & Yadav, M. S. (2025). Personalization vs. privacy: Marketing strategies in the digital age. Journal of Marketing & Social Research, 2, 177–191.
Wedel, M., & Kannan, P. K. (2016). Marketing analytics for data-rich environments. Journal of Marketing, 80(6), 97–121. https://doi.org/10.1509/jm.15.0413
Zed, E. Z., Tri Mulyani Kartini, & Pupung Purnamasari. (2024). The Power Of Personalization : Exploring The Impact Of Ai-Driven Marketing Strategies On Consumer Loyalty In E-Commerce. Jurnal Ekonomi, 13(04 SE-Articles), 1303–1314. https://www.ejournal.seaninstitute.or.id/index.php/Ekonomi/article/view/5694