Main Article Content
Abstract
Purpose: This study analyzes the impact of rising interest rates on the sustainability of debt financing in Indonesian government toll road projects, using the Cisumdawu Toll Road project as a case study.
Research Method: The study employed a quantitative case study approach, using financial feasibility analysis and scenario-based sensitivity analysis. Secondary data were obtained from Bank Indonesia benchmark interest rates (BI 7-Day Reverse Repo Rate), project financing structures, and toll road investment assumptions. Financial indicators used in the analysis included Cost of Debt, Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC), Debt Service Coverage Ratio (DSCR), Net Present Value (NPV), and Internal Rate of Return (IRR).
Results and Discussion: The findings indicate that rising interest rates significantly increase borrowing costs and debt-servicing obligations, thereby reducing project cash-flow resilience and investment feasibility. Higher interest rates also weaken DSCR performance, increase WACC, and reduce NPV and IRR values.
Implications: The study highlights the importance of stable monetary policy, effective governance of infrastructure financing, and government support mechanisms in maintaining the resilience of long-term infrastructure investment.
Originality: Integrating interest rate sensitivity analysis with debt financing sustainability in the context of the Cisumdawu Toll Road project, which has rarely been discussed comprehensively in previous infrastructure financing studies in Indonesia.
Keywords
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References
- Akomea-Frimpong, I., Jin, X., & Osei-Kyei, R. (2024). Mitigating financial risks in sustainable public–private partnership infrastructure projects: A quantitative analysis. Systems, 12(7), 239. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12070239
- Alfiansyah, A. D., Karsaman, R. H., & Al-Rasyid, H. (2021). Kajian Investasi Pembangunan Jalan Tol Menggunakan Dana Haji (Studi Kasus: Jalan Tol Gempol–Pandaan). Jurnal Teknik Sipil, 28(1), 63–72. https://doi.org/10.5614/jts.2021.28.1.7
- Anbumozhi, V., Riefky, T., Hariyanto, E., & Alamsyah, H. (2023). Innovative financing for strategic infrastructure development. Infrastructure for Inclusive Economic Development, 1, 82–107.
- Aqsha, E. (2025). The Role of Government and the Private Sector in Implementing the PPP Scheme for the Cisumdawu Toll Road Project from an Infrastructure Sustainability Perspective. Available at SSRN 5729702. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5729702
- Aziz, A. (2024). Financial Risks in Toll Road Development in Indonesia: Challenges and Development Strategies for the Probowangi Toll Road. DIE Учредители: Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya, 15(2), 242–252.
- Bakulina, A., Charaeva, M., Nesterenko, E., Chumachenko, E., & Mamontova, Y. (2025). The specifics of assessing financial risks in the construction of toll roads. AIP Conference Proceedings, 3276(1), 40012. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0268241
- Bank Indonesia. (2024). Penjelasan BI 7-Day Reverse Repo Rate sebagai Suku Bunga Acuan. Jakarta: Bank Indonesia.
- Casady, C. B., Cepparulo, A., & Giuriato, L. (2024). Public-private partnerships for low-carbon, climate-resilient infrastructure : Insights from the literature. Journal of Cleaner Production, 470(August), 143338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepAro.2024.143338
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- Fauzan, M., Kuswanto, H., & Utomo, C. (2023). Implementing toll road infrastructure financing in Indonesia: Critical success factors from the perspective of toll road companies. International Journal of Financial Studies, 11(4), 135. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs11040135
- Gifford, J. L., Bolaños, L. A., Daito, N., & Casady, C. B. (2024). What triggers public-private partnership (PPP) renegotiations in the United States? Public Management Review, 26(6), 1583–1609. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2023.2200404
- Gunawan, D., & Amalia, D. (2022). Implikasi Batas Kelayakan Finansial Terhadap Tarif Tol dan Dukungan Pemerintah Pada Proyek Prakarsa Badan Usaha Jalan Tol Tuban–Babat–Lamongan–Gresik. Jurnal HPJI (Himpunan Pengembangan Jalan Indonesia), 8(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.26593/jhpji.v8i1.5557.1-10
- Handayani, F., & Kacaribu, F. (2021). Asymmetric Transmission of Monetary Policy to Interest Rates: Empirical Evidence From Indonesia. Buletin Ekonomi Moneter Dan Perbankan, 24, 119–150. https://doi.org/10.21098/bemp.v24i1.1201
- Hidayat, I., Suhana, A., & Padriani, H. (2024). Approach to weighting the success criteria of toll road project of government cooperation with business entities procurement model. Journal La Multiapp, 5(5), 740–758. https://doi.org/10.37899/journallamultiapp.v5i5.1661
- Jamar, N., & Yunus, A. A. M. A. P. (2025). Monetary Policy Transmission Channels Through Interest Rate and Inflation Channels in Indonesia: VECM Analysis 2018-2024. RIGGS: Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Business, 4(3 SE-Articles), 8636–8646. https://doi.org/10.31004/riggs.v4i3.3283
- Kazhimi, R., & Anas, E. P. (2022). Feasibility Analysis And Scenario For Infrastructure Projects With Low Return on Investment In Indonesia. Syntax Literate; Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia, 7(10), 16567–16583. https://doi.org/10.36418/syntax-literate.v7i10.12890
- Kuncoro, H., Fafurida, F., & Jamil, I. A. B. A. (2024). Growth volatility in the inflation-targeting regime: Evidence from Indonesia. Quantitative Finance and Economics, 8(2), 235. https://doi.org/10.3934/QFE.2024009
- Maulana, A., & Pria, E. (2024). Feasibility and advance scenario analysis of toll road company with low rate of return on investment in Indonesia: case study of the Manado-Bitung toll road. Jurnal Ekonomi, 13(01), 396–412. https://ejournal.seaninstitute.or.id/index.php/Ekonomi/article/view/3639
References
Akomea-Frimpong, I., Jin, X., & Osei-Kyei, R. (2024). Mitigating financial risks in sustainable public–private partnership infrastructure projects: A quantitative analysis. Systems, 12(7), 239. https://doi.org/10.3390/systems12070239
Alfiansyah, A. D., Karsaman, R. H., & Al-Rasyid, H. (2021). Kajian Investasi Pembangunan Jalan Tol Menggunakan Dana Haji (Studi Kasus: Jalan Tol Gempol–Pandaan). Jurnal Teknik Sipil, 28(1), 63–72. https://doi.org/10.5614/jts.2021.28.1.7
Anbumozhi, V., Riefky, T., Hariyanto, E., & Alamsyah, H. (2023). Innovative financing for strategic infrastructure development. Infrastructure for Inclusive Economic Development, 1, 82–107.
Aqsha, E. (2025). The Role of Government and the Private Sector in Implementing the PPP Scheme for the Cisumdawu Toll Road Project from an Infrastructure Sustainability Perspective. Available at SSRN 5729702. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5729702
Aziz, A. (2024). Financial Risks in Toll Road Development in Indonesia: Challenges and Development Strategies for the Probowangi Toll Road. DIE Учредители: Universitas 17 Agustus 1945 Surabaya, 15(2), 242–252.
Bakulina, A., Charaeva, M., Nesterenko, E., Chumachenko, E., & Mamontova, Y. (2025). The specifics of assessing financial risks in the construction of toll roads. AIP Conference Proceedings, 3276(1), 40012. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0268241
Bank Indonesia. (2024). Penjelasan BI 7-Day Reverse Repo Rate sebagai Suku Bunga Acuan. Jakarta: Bank Indonesia.
Casady, C. B., Cepparulo, A., & Giuriato, L. (2024). Public-private partnerships for low-carbon, climate-resilient infrastructure : Insights from the literature. Journal of Cleaner Production, 470(August), 143338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepAro.2024.143338
Dinul, A. A., & Kurniawan, M. L. A. (2024). Analisis variabel makroekonomi terhadap utang luar negeri Indonesia: Pendekatan VAR. Modus, 36(2), 266–281. https://doi.org/10.24002/modus.v36i2.8910
Fatmawatie, N., Endri, E., & Husein, D. (2024). Macroeconomic factors and government bond yield in Indonesia. Public and Municipal Finance, 13(1), 95–105. https://doi.org/10.21511/pmf.13(1).2024.08
Fauzan, M., Kuswanto, H., & Utomo, C. (2023). Implementing toll road infrastructure financing in Indonesia: Critical success factors from the perspective of toll road companies. International Journal of Financial Studies, 11(4), 135. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs11040135
Gifford, J. L., Bolaños, L. A., Daito, N., & Casady, C. B. (2024). What triggers public-private partnership (PPP) renegotiations in the United States? Public Management Review, 26(6), 1583–1609. https://doi.org/10.1080/14719037.2023.2200404
Gunawan, D., & Amalia, D. (2022). Implikasi Batas Kelayakan Finansial Terhadap Tarif Tol dan Dukungan Pemerintah Pada Proyek Prakarsa Badan Usaha Jalan Tol Tuban–Babat–Lamongan–Gresik. Jurnal HPJI (Himpunan Pengembangan Jalan Indonesia), 8(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.26593/jhpji.v8i1.5557.1-10
Handayani, F., & Kacaribu, F. (2021). Asymmetric Transmission of Monetary Policy to Interest Rates: Empirical Evidence From Indonesia. Buletin Ekonomi Moneter Dan Perbankan, 24, 119–150. https://doi.org/10.21098/bemp.v24i1.1201
Hidayat, I., Suhana, A., & Padriani, H. (2024). Approach to weighting the success criteria of toll road project of government cooperation with business entities procurement model. Journal La Multiapp, 5(5), 740–758. https://doi.org/10.37899/journallamultiapp.v5i5.1661
Jamar, N., & Yunus, A. A. M. A. P. (2025). Monetary Policy Transmission Channels Through Interest Rate and Inflation Channels in Indonesia: VECM Analysis 2018-2024. RIGGS: Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Business, 4(3 SE-Articles), 8636–8646. https://doi.org/10.31004/riggs.v4i3.3283
Kazhimi, R., & Anas, E. P. (2022). Feasibility Analysis And Scenario For Infrastructure Projects With Low Return on Investment In Indonesia. Syntax Literate; Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia, 7(10), 16567–16583. https://doi.org/10.36418/syntax-literate.v7i10.12890
Kuncoro, H., Fafurida, F., & Jamil, I. A. B. A. (2024). Growth volatility in the inflation-targeting regime: Evidence from Indonesia. Quantitative Finance and Economics, 8(2), 235. https://doi.org/10.3934/QFE.2024009
Maulana, A., & Pria, E. (2024). Feasibility and advance scenario analysis of toll road company with low rate of return on investment in Indonesia: case study of the Manado-Bitung toll road. Jurnal Ekonomi, 13(01), 396–412. https://ejournal.seaninstitute.or.id/index.php/Ekonomi/article/view/3639