Main Article Content
Abstract
Purpose: This study aims to examine the effect of physical evidence on customer loyalty mediated by customer satisfaction at Shadow Edge Park Jayapura Cafe. The hypothesis is that customer satisfaction mediates the impact of physical evidence on customer loyalty.
Research Design and Methodology: The method used was descriptive quantitative with a survey design. Data were collected from 120 Shadow Edge Park Jayapura Cafe consumers through questionnaires. The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with AMOS 22 software.
Findings and Discussion: The results show that physical evidence positively and significantly influences customer satisfaction, mediating this influence on customer loyalty. The findings support the Servicescapes theory, suggesting that physical elements such as interior design, cleanliness, and ambiance of the café are key factors that influence customer satisfaction and loyalty.
Implications: Café managers should focus on managing physical evidence elements to increase customer satisfaction and loyalty. Further research is needed to explore factors such as social interaction and service quality that may influence customer loyalty. Future studies could expand geographic and cultural coverage to test the consistency of these findings.
Keywords
Article Details

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References
- Abdullaeva, M. (2020). Impact Of Customer Satisfaction On Customer Loyalty In Upscale Ethnic Restaurants. Theoretical & Applied Science, 6, 372–375.
- Abdullah, D., & Rozario, F. (2009). Influence of Service and Product Quality towards Customer Satisfaction : A Case Study at the Staff Cafeteria in the Hotel Industry. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 53, 185–190.
- Ali, F., Amin, M., & Cobanoglu, C. (2016). An Integrated Model of Service Experience, Emotions, Satisfaction, and Price Acceptance: An Empirical Analysis in the Chinese Hospitality Industry. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 25, 449–475. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:168110480
- Bitner, M. J. (1992). Servicescapes: The impact of physical surroundings on customers and employees. Journal of Marketing, 56(2), 57–71.
- Bowe, M., Wakefield, J. R. H., Kellezi, B., Stevenson, C., McNamara, N., Jones, B. A., Sumich, A., & Heym, N. (2022). The mental health benefits of community helping during crisis: Coordinated helping, community identification and sense of unity during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 32(3), 521–535. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.2520
- Bujisic, M., Hutchinson, J., & Parsa, H. G. (2014). The effects of restaurant quality attributes on customer behavioral intentions. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 26(8), 1270–1291. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-04-2013-0162
- Cetinzoz, B. C. (2019). Influence of physical environment on customer satisfaction and loyalty in upscale restaurants. Journal of Tourism & Gastronomy Studies, 7(2), 700–716.
- Damayanti, N., Wadud, M., & Roswaty, R. (2020). Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan dan Lingkungan Fisik Terhadap Kepuasan Kon sumen pada Cafe Unsilent Palembang. Jurnal Bisnis, Manajemen, Dan Ekonomi, 1(1), 23–31. https://doi.org/10.47747/jbme.v1i1.22
- Faisal, M. A., Wahab, Z., & Widiyanti, M. (2019). Effect of Quality Products and Service Quality On Customer Satisfactio n in Cafe City Palembang. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP), 9(5), p8994. https://doi.org/10.29322/ijsrp.9.05.2019.p8994
- Ghafoor, M. M., Iqbal, H., Tariq, U., & Murtaza, F. (2012). Impact of Customer Satisfaction and Brand Image on Brand Loyalty. Progress in Business Innovation & Technology Management, 69–77.
- Githiri, M. N. (2016). Influence of Physical Environment on Customer Satisfaction and Return Intention in Kenyan Rated Restaurants. Asian Journal of Social Science Studies, 2(1), 11. https://doi.org/10.20849/ajsss.v2i1.82
- Gomez Lacap, J. P., Plaza, M. N., Caballero, J., & dela Cruz, M. (2023). Factors affecting consumer attitude and loyalty: evidence from a Philippine chain of fast-food restaurants’ smart retailing technology. Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management, ahead-of-p(ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/JSTPM-09-2022-0159
- Grace, E., Girsang, R. M., Simatupang, S., Candra, V., & Sidabutar, N. (2021). Product quality and customer satisfaction and their effect on consumer loyalty. International Journal of Social Science, 1(2), 69–78. https://doi.org/10.53625/ijss.v1i2.138
- Hamidi, R., Ainy, H. P., Rinuastuti, B. H., & Athar, H. S. (2022). The Effect of Experiential Marketing and Experiential Value on Customer Loyalty of Coffee Shops in Mataram City Through Satisfaction as a Mediation Variable. International Journal of Social Science Research and Review, 5(3), 67–77.
- Han, H., & Ryu, K. (2009). The Roles of the Physical Environment, Price Perception, and Customer Satisfaction in Determining Customer Loyalty in the Restaurant Industry. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 33(4), 487–510. https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348009344212
- Handayani, P. T., Kepramareni, P., & Kusuma, I. G. A. E. T. (2022). The Analysis of the Quality of the Physical Environment, Service and Product on Revisit Intention through Customer Satisfaction at a Coffee Shop in Kintamani-Bali. European Journal of Business and Management Research, 7(6), 115–119. https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2022.7.6.1621
- Hosnan. (2016). Pendekatan Saintifik dan Konstektual dalam Pembelajaran Abad 21. Penerbit Ghalia Indonesia.
- Huang, R., Perloff, J. M., & Villas-Boas, S. B. (2006). Effects of Sales on Brand Loyalty. Journal of Agricultural & Food Industrial Organization, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.2202/1542-0485.1131
- Hung, S.-W., Cheng, M.-J., & Chiu, P.-C. (2019). Do antecedents of trust and satisfaction promote consumer loyalty in p hysical and virtual stores? a multi-channel view. Service Business, 13(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11628-018-0364-y
- Hur, W., Kim, Y., & Park, K. (2013). Assessing the Effects of Perceived Value and Satisfaction on Customer Loyalty: A ‘Green’ Perspective. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 20(3), 146–156. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1280
- Kandampully, J., Zhang, T. (Christina), & Bilgihan, A. (2015). Customer loyalty: a review and future directions with a special focus on the hospitality industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 27(3), 379–414. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-03-2014-0151
- Kenhove, P., & Steenhaut, S. (2003). The relationship between consumers’ unethical behavior and customer loyalty in a retail environment. Journal of Business Ethics, 44, 261–278.
- Kim, G. S., Park, S., & Oh, J. (2008). An examination of factors influencing consumer adoption of short message service (SMS). Psychology & Marketing, 25(8), 769–786.
- Li, M.-L., & Green, R. D. (2011). A mediating influence on customer loyalty : The role of perceived value. Journal of Management and Marketing Research, 7(1).
- Marso, M., & Idris, R. (2022). The impact of store atmosphere on customer loyalty through perceived quality and satisfaction: An evidence from boutique industry in Tarakan. Petra International Journal of Business Studies, 5(2), 186–197.
- Monferrer, D., Segarra, J. R., Estrada, M., & Moliner, M. Á. (2019a). Service Quality and Customer Loyalty in a Post-Crisis Context. Prediction-Oriented Modeling to Enhance the Particular Importance of a Social and Sustainable Approach. Sustainability, 11(18), 4930. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11184930
- Monferrer, D., Segarra, J. R., Estrada, M., & Moliner, M. Á. (2019b). Service quality and customer loyalty in a post-crisis context. Sustainability, 11(18), 4930. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11184930
- Mudjiyanti, R., & Sholihah, M. (2022). The Effect of Cafe Atmosphere on Loyalty through Customer Satisfaction. Innovation Business Management and Accounting Journal, 1(1), 18–23.
- Muhajirin, A. T. dan. (2021). Pengaruh Physical Evidence Terhadap Kepuasan Konsumen (Studi Kasus Di Surf Café Kota Bima). Journal Scientific Of Mandalika (JSM), 2(7), 291–298. https://doi.org/10.36312/10.36312/vol2iss7pp291-298
- Mukherjee, S., & Shivani, S. (2013). Influence of Physical Evidence on Service Brand Image Dimensions and Brand Equity. Indian Journal of Marketing, 43(6), 15. https://doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2013/v43/i6/36389
- Nam, J., Ekinci, Y., & Whyatt, G. (2011). Brand equity, brand loyalty and consumer satisfaction. Annals of Tourism Research, 38(3), 1009–1030. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2011.01.015
- Oliver, R. L., Rust, R. T., & Varki, S. (1997). Customer delight: foundations, findings, and managerial insight. Journal of Retailing, 73(3), 311–336.
- Putra, F. V. D. (2024). Effect of Food Quality and Physical Environment on Robucca Café Customer Satisfaction in Malang City. Review of Management and Entrepreneurship, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.37715/rme.v8i1.4083
- Qin, H., & Prybutok, V. R. (2009). Service quality, customer satisfaction, and behavioral intentions in fast‐food restaurants. International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences, 1(1), 78–95. https://doi.org/10.1108/17566690910945886
- Ryu, K., Lee, H., & Kim, W. G. (2012). The influence of the quality of the physical environment, food, and service on restaurant image, customer perceived value, customer satisfaction, and behavioral intentions. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 24(2), 200–223. https://doi.org/10.1108/09596111211206141
- Senjaya, V. (2013). Pengaruh customer experience quality terhadap customer satisfaction & customer loyalty di kafe excelso tunjungan plaza surabaya: perspektif b2c. Jurnal Strategi Pemasaran, 1(1).
- Septiano, R., & Sari, L. (2020). Determination of consumer loyalty through customer satisfaction. Dinasti International Journal of Economics, Finance & Accounting, 1(5), 865–878. https://doi.org/10.38035/dijefa.v1i5.622
- Tartaglione, A. M., Cavacece, Y., Russo, G., & Granata, G. (2019). A Systematic Mapping Study on Customer Loyalty and Brand Management. Administrative Sciences, 9(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci9010008
- Vadavadagi, P. (2020). A Study on Impact of Customer Satisfaction on Brand Loyalty. International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research, 4(4). https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2022.v04i04.10242
- Vieira, V. A., Wolter, J. S., Araujo, C. F., & Frio, R. S. (2023). What makes the corporate social responsibility impact on Customer–Company identification stronger? A meta-analysis. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 40(2), 475–492.
- Yum, K., & Yoo, B. (2023). The impact of service quality on customer loyalty through customer satisfaction in mobile social media. Sustainability, 15(14), 11214.
- Zygiaris, S., Alsubaie, M. A., & Rehman, S. U. (2022). Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction in the Post Pandemic World: A Study of Saudi Auto Care Industry. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.842141
References
Abdullaeva, M. (2020). Impact Of Customer Satisfaction On Customer Loyalty In Upscale Ethnic Restaurants. Theoretical & Applied Science, 6, 372–375.
Abdullah, D., & Rozario, F. (2009). Influence of Service and Product Quality towards Customer Satisfaction : A Case Study at the Staff Cafeteria in the Hotel Industry. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 53, 185–190.
Ali, F., Amin, M., & Cobanoglu, C. (2016). An Integrated Model of Service Experience, Emotions, Satisfaction, and Price Acceptance: An Empirical Analysis in the Chinese Hospitality Industry. Journal of Hospitality Marketing & Management, 25, 449–475. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:168110480
Bitner, M. J. (1992). Servicescapes: The impact of physical surroundings on customers and employees. Journal of Marketing, 56(2), 57–71.
Bowe, M., Wakefield, J. R. H., Kellezi, B., Stevenson, C., McNamara, N., Jones, B. A., Sumich, A., & Heym, N. (2022). The mental health benefits of community helping during crisis: Coordinated helping, community identification and sense of unity during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 32(3), 521–535. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/casp.2520
Bujisic, M., Hutchinson, J., & Parsa, H. G. (2014). The effects of restaurant quality attributes on customer behavioral intentions. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 26(8), 1270–1291. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-04-2013-0162
Cetinzoz, B. C. (2019). Influence of physical environment on customer satisfaction and loyalty in upscale restaurants. Journal of Tourism & Gastronomy Studies, 7(2), 700–716.
Damayanti, N., Wadud, M., & Roswaty, R. (2020). Pengaruh Kualitas Pelayanan dan Lingkungan Fisik Terhadap Kepuasan Kon sumen pada Cafe Unsilent Palembang. Jurnal Bisnis, Manajemen, Dan Ekonomi, 1(1), 23–31. https://doi.org/10.47747/jbme.v1i1.22
Faisal, M. A., Wahab, Z., & Widiyanti, M. (2019). Effect of Quality Products and Service Quality On Customer Satisfactio n in Cafe City Palembang. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP), 9(5), p8994. https://doi.org/10.29322/ijsrp.9.05.2019.p8994
Ghafoor, M. M., Iqbal, H., Tariq, U., & Murtaza, F. (2012). Impact of Customer Satisfaction and Brand Image on Brand Loyalty. Progress in Business Innovation & Technology Management, 69–77.
Githiri, M. N. (2016). Influence of Physical Environment on Customer Satisfaction and Return Intention in Kenyan Rated Restaurants. Asian Journal of Social Science Studies, 2(1), 11. https://doi.org/10.20849/ajsss.v2i1.82
Gomez Lacap, J. P., Plaza, M. N., Caballero, J., & dela Cruz, M. (2023). Factors affecting consumer attitude and loyalty: evidence from a Philippine chain of fast-food restaurants’ smart retailing technology. Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management, ahead-of-p(ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/JSTPM-09-2022-0159
Grace, E., Girsang, R. M., Simatupang, S., Candra, V., & Sidabutar, N. (2021). Product quality and customer satisfaction and their effect on consumer loyalty. International Journal of Social Science, 1(2), 69–78. https://doi.org/10.53625/ijss.v1i2.138
Hamidi, R., Ainy, H. P., Rinuastuti, B. H., & Athar, H. S. (2022). The Effect of Experiential Marketing and Experiential Value on Customer Loyalty of Coffee Shops in Mataram City Through Satisfaction as a Mediation Variable. International Journal of Social Science Research and Review, 5(3), 67–77.
Han, H., & Ryu, K. (2009). The Roles of the Physical Environment, Price Perception, and Customer Satisfaction in Determining Customer Loyalty in the Restaurant Industry. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 33(4), 487–510. https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348009344212
Handayani, P. T., Kepramareni, P., & Kusuma, I. G. A. E. T. (2022). The Analysis of the Quality of the Physical Environment, Service and Product on Revisit Intention through Customer Satisfaction at a Coffee Shop in Kintamani-Bali. European Journal of Business and Management Research, 7(6), 115–119. https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2022.7.6.1621
Hosnan. (2016). Pendekatan Saintifik dan Konstektual dalam Pembelajaran Abad 21. Penerbit Ghalia Indonesia.
Huang, R., Perloff, J. M., & Villas-Boas, S. B. (2006). Effects of Sales on Brand Loyalty. Journal of Agricultural & Food Industrial Organization, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.2202/1542-0485.1131
Hung, S.-W., Cheng, M.-J., & Chiu, P.-C. (2019). Do antecedents of trust and satisfaction promote consumer loyalty in p hysical and virtual stores? a multi-channel view. Service Business, 13(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11628-018-0364-y
Hur, W., Kim, Y., & Park, K. (2013). Assessing the Effects of Perceived Value and Satisfaction on Customer Loyalty: A ‘Green’ Perspective. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 20(3), 146–156. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1280
Kandampully, J., Zhang, T. (Christina), & Bilgihan, A. (2015). Customer loyalty: a review and future directions with a special focus on the hospitality industry. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 27(3), 379–414. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-03-2014-0151
Kenhove, P., & Steenhaut, S. (2003). The relationship between consumers’ unethical behavior and customer loyalty in a retail environment. Journal of Business Ethics, 44, 261–278.
Kim, G. S., Park, S., & Oh, J. (2008). An examination of factors influencing consumer adoption of short message service (SMS). Psychology & Marketing, 25(8), 769–786.
Li, M.-L., & Green, R. D. (2011). A mediating influence on customer loyalty : The role of perceived value. Journal of Management and Marketing Research, 7(1).
Marso, M., & Idris, R. (2022). The impact of store atmosphere on customer loyalty through perceived quality and satisfaction: An evidence from boutique industry in Tarakan. Petra International Journal of Business Studies, 5(2), 186–197.
Monferrer, D., Segarra, J. R., Estrada, M., & Moliner, M. Á. (2019a). Service Quality and Customer Loyalty in a Post-Crisis Context. Prediction-Oriented Modeling to Enhance the Particular Importance of a Social and Sustainable Approach. Sustainability, 11(18), 4930. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11184930
Monferrer, D., Segarra, J. R., Estrada, M., & Moliner, M. Á. (2019b). Service quality and customer loyalty in a post-crisis context. Sustainability, 11(18), 4930. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11184930
Mudjiyanti, R., & Sholihah, M. (2022). The Effect of Cafe Atmosphere on Loyalty through Customer Satisfaction. Innovation Business Management and Accounting Journal, 1(1), 18–23.
Muhajirin, A. T. dan. (2021). Pengaruh Physical Evidence Terhadap Kepuasan Konsumen (Studi Kasus Di Surf Café Kota Bima). Journal Scientific Of Mandalika (JSM), 2(7), 291–298. https://doi.org/10.36312/10.36312/vol2iss7pp291-298
Mukherjee, S., & Shivani, S. (2013). Influence of Physical Evidence on Service Brand Image Dimensions and Brand Equity. Indian Journal of Marketing, 43(6), 15. https://doi.org/10.17010/ijom/2013/v43/i6/36389
Nam, J., Ekinci, Y., & Whyatt, G. (2011). Brand equity, brand loyalty and consumer satisfaction. Annals of Tourism Research, 38(3), 1009–1030. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2011.01.015
Oliver, R. L., Rust, R. T., & Varki, S. (1997). Customer delight: foundations, findings, and managerial insight. Journal of Retailing, 73(3), 311–336.
Putra, F. V. D. (2024). Effect of Food Quality and Physical Environment on Robucca Café Customer Satisfaction in Malang City. Review of Management and Entrepreneurship, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.37715/rme.v8i1.4083
Qin, H., & Prybutok, V. R. (2009). Service quality, customer satisfaction, and behavioral intentions in fast‐food restaurants. International Journal of Quality and Service Sciences, 1(1), 78–95. https://doi.org/10.1108/17566690910945886
Ryu, K., Lee, H., & Kim, W. G. (2012). The influence of the quality of the physical environment, food, and service on restaurant image, customer perceived value, customer satisfaction, and behavioral intentions. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 24(2), 200–223. https://doi.org/10.1108/09596111211206141
Senjaya, V. (2013). Pengaruh customer experience quality terhadap customer satisfaction & customer loyalty di kafe excelso tunjungan plaza surabaya: perspektif b2c. Jurnal Strategi Pemasaran, 1(1).
Septiano, R., & Sari, L. (2020). Determination of consumer loyalty through customer satisfaction. Dinasti International Journal of Economics, Finance & Accounting, 1(5), 865–878. https://doi.org/10.38035/dijefa.v1i5.622
Tartaglione, A. M., Cavacece, Y., Russo, G., & Granata, G. (2019). A Systematic Mapping Study on Customer Loyalty and Brand Management. Administrative Sciences, 9(1), 8. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci9010008
Vadavadagi, P. (2020). A Study on Impact of Customer Satisfaction on Brand Loyalty. International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research, 4(4). https://doi.org/10.36948/ijfmr.2022.v04i04.10242
Vieira, V. A., Wolter, J. S., Araujo, C. F., & Frio, R. S. (2023). What makes the corporate social responsibility impact on Customer–Company identification stronger? A meta-analysis. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 40(2), 475–492.
Yum, K., & Yoo, B. (2023). The impact of service quality on customer loyalty through customer satisfaction in mobile social media. Sustainability, 15(14), 11214.
Zygiaris, S., Alsubaie, M. A., & Rehman, S. U. (2022). Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction in the Post Pandemic World: A Study of Saudi Auto Care Industry. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.842141