Main Article Content
Abstract
Purpose: This study analyzes the relationship between Digital ESG Leadership (DEL) and disclosure quality, strategic integration, and ESG performance at Indonesian technology companies.
Research Method: The study employed a non-experimental, longitudinal, document-based quantitative design. The data included eight technology companies with 39 firm-years of observations from 2019 to 2024. DEL was measured using dictionary-based scoring and contextual coding, while the relationships among variables were analyzed using panel data regression.
Results and Discussion: DEL is positively associated with the quality of ESG disclosure (β = 1.040; p < 0.001), strategic ESG integration (β = 0.997; p < 0.001), and ESG performance (β = 0.896; p < 0.001). These results indicate a statistical relationship, not causality, and should be interpreted with consideration of sample size and potential construct overlap.
Implications: Companies need to align their digital strategies with verifiable ESG targets, governance, and outcomes.
Originality: This study develops DEL as a construct that links digital leadership to the three dimensions of ESG implementation in the context of Indonesian technology companies.
Keywords
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
- Atak Atalık, A. (2024). Beyond polarity: How ESG sentiment influences idiosyncratic volatility in the Turkish stock market. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2024.11.003
- Bass, B. M., & Riggio, R. E. (2006). Transformational leadership. Psychology Press.
- Borah, P. S., Iqbal, S., & Akhtar, S. (2022). Linking social media usage and SME’s sustainable performance: The role of digital leadership and innovation capabilities. Technology in Society, 68, 101900. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2022.101900
- Chen, A., Li, L., & Shahid, W. (2024). Digital transformation as the driving force for sustainable business performance: A moderated mediation model of market-driven business model innovation and digital leadership capabilities. Heliyon, 10(8). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2022.101900
- Dewi, S. K., Setiono, H., & Ilmidavviq, M. B. (2024). Pengaruh ROA, CR, dan DER terhadap Nilai Perusahaan pada Sektor. Akuntansi, 3(3), 38–49. https://doi.org/10.55606/akuntansi.v3i3.2024
- Eccles, R. G., & Klimenko, S. (2019). Shareholders are getting serious about sustainability. Harvard Business Review, 97(3), 106–116.
- Farhan, M. (2024). Keseimbangan risiko dan imbal hasil dalam strategi investasi berkelanjutan: Pendekatan integratif terhadap faktor lingkungan, sosial, dan tata kelola perusahaan (ESG). Currency (Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Perbankan Syariah), 2(2), 243–264. https://doi.org/10.32806/ccy.v2i2.241
- Feng, Y., & Nie, C. (2024). Digital technology innovation and corporate environmental, social, and governance performance: Evidence from a sample of listed firms in China. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2781
- Ferjančič, U., Ichev, R., Lončarski, I., Montariol, S., Pelicon, A., Pollak, S., Sitar Šuštar, K., Toman, A., Valentinčič, A., & Žnidaršič, M. (2024). Textual analysis of corporate sustainability reporting and corporate ESG scores. International Review of Financial Analysis, 96, 103669. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2024.103669
- Friede, G., Busch, T., & Bassen, A. (2015). ESG and financial performance: aggregated evidence from more than 2000 empirical studies. Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment, 5(4), 210–233. https://doi.org/10.1080/20430795.2015.1118917
- Hitt, M., Ireland, R., & Hoskisson, R. (2020). Strategic management: Concepts and cases: Competitiveness and globalization, 13e. Cengage Learning, Boston.
- Ignatov, K. (2023). When ESG talks: ESG tone of 10-K reports and its significance to stock markets. International Review of Financial Analysis, 89, 102745. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2023.102745
- Jaiswal, R., Gupta, S., & Tiwari, A. K. (2024). Decoding mood of the Twitterverse on ESG investing: opinion mining and key themes using machine learning. Management Research Review, 47(8), 1221–1252. https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-07-2023-0526
- Khaw, T. Y., Teoh, A. P., Abdul Khalid, S. N., & Letchmunan, S. (2022). The impact of digital leadership on sustainable performance: a systematic literature review. Journal of Management Development, 41(9–10), 514–534. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-03-2022-0070
- Kumar, S., Verma, A. K., & Mirza, A. (2024). Digital Revolution, Artificial Intelligence, and Ethical Challenges BT - Digital Transformation, Artificial Intelligence and Society: Opportunities and Challenges (S. Kumar, A. K. Verma, & A. Mirza (eds.); pp. 161–177). Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-5656-8_11
- Lagasio, V. (2024). ESG-washing detection in corporate sustainability reports. International Review of Financial Analysis, 96, 103742. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2024.103742
- Liu, X., Yang, Y., Jiang, Y., Fu, Y., Zhong, R. Y., Li, M., & Huang, G. Q. (2023). Data-driven ESG assessment for blockchain services: A comparative study in textiles and apparel industry. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 190, 106837. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2022.106837
- Liu, Z., Chen, Z., & Hu, L. (2024). Can enterprise digital transformation improve ESG performance? Managerial and Decision Economics, 45(7), 5088–5103. https://doi.org/10.1002/mde.4307
- Lu, Y., Xu, C., Zhu, B., & Sun, Y. (2024). Digitalization transformation and ESG performance: Evidence from China. Business Strategy and the Environment, 33(2), 352–368. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.3494
- Lyu, J. (2024). How does digital leadership improve organizational sustainability: Theory and evidence. Journal of Cleaner Production, 434, 140148. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.140148
- Maibaum, F., Kriebel, J., & Foege, J. N. (2024). Selecting textual analysis tools to classify sustainability information in corporate reporting. Decision Support Systems, 183, 114269. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2024.114269
- Marani, Y. (2024). Assessing the Role of Sustainability and ESG Accounting in Driving Corporate Performance and Stakeholder Value. Advances: Jurnal Ekonomi & Bisnis, 2(2), 59–69. https://doi.org/10.60079/ajeb.v2i2.171
- Melawati, F. (2025). Kepemimpinan dan perilaku organisasi di era digital: Menavigasi perubahan dan inovasi. RIGGS: Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Business, 4(2), 1055–1065.
- Memon, K. R., & Ooi, S. K. (2023). Identifying digital leadership’s role in fostering competitive advantage through responsible innovation: A SEM-Neural Network approach. Technology in Society, 75, 102399. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2023.102399
- Mo, Z., Liu, Y., Lu, C., & Yu, J. (2023). Influences of industrial internet platform firms’ ESG performance and digital leadership on user firms’ innovation performance: The mediating role of inter-firm trust. Journal of Digital Economy, 2, 204–220. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdec.2024.01.002
- Oroh, N. S. (2026). Corporate Sustainable Performance in Indonesia: Insights, Gaps, and Research Directions. Advances: Jurnal Ekonomi & Bisnis, 4(2 SE-Articles), 342–360. https://doi.org/10.60079/ajeb.v4i2.793
- Qiao, P., Zhao, Y., Fung, A., & Fung, H.-G. (2025). How digital leadership guides ESG sustainability. Research in International Business and Finance, 73, 102644. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2024.102644
- Schimanski, T., Reding, A., Reding, N., Bingler, J., Kraus, M., & Leippold, M. (2024). Bridging the gap in ESG measurement: Using NLP to quantify environmental, social, and governance communication. Finance Research Letters, 61, 104979. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2024.104979
- Teece, D. J. (2007). Explicating dynamic capabilities: the nature and microfoundations of (sustainable) enterprise performance. Strategic Management Journal, 28(13), 1319–1350.
- Tigre, F. B., Henriques, P. L., & Curado, C. (2025). The digital leadership emerging construct: a multi-method approach. Management Review Quarterly, 75(1), 789–836. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11301-023-00395-9
- Wang, H., Jiao, S., Bu, K., Wang, Y., & Wang, Y. (2023). Digital transformation and manufacturing companies’ ESG responsibility performance. Finance Research Letters, 58, 104370. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2023.104370
- Wang, S., & Esperança, J. P. (2023). Can digital transformation improve market and ESG performance? Evidence from Chinese SMEs. Journal of Cleaner Production, 419, 137980. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.137980
- Wicaksono, A. S. (2025). Kepemimpinan yang Efektif dalam Menghadapi Era Digital (Studi Kasus pada Perusahaan Sektor Industri di Jawa Barat). Co-Value Jurnal Ekonomi Koperasi Dan Kewirausahaan, 15(10). https://doi.org/10.59188/covalue.v15i10.5232
- Wulandari, I. S., & Anis, I. (2026). Pengaruh Praktik ESG terhadap Profitabilitas Perusahaan Teknologi yang Terdaftar di BEI. RIGGS: Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Business, 5(1 SE-Articles), 2922–2930. https://doi.org/10.31004/riggs.v5i1.6282
- Yang, X., & Han, Q. (2024). Nonlinear effects of enterprise digital transformation on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance: evidence from China. Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal, 15(2), 355–381. https://doi.org/10.1108/SAMPJ-08-2023-0553
- Zhang, A. Y., & Zhang, J. H. (2024). Renovation in environmental, social and governance (ESG) research: the application of machine learning. Asian Review of Accounting, 32(4), 554–572. https://doi.org/10.1108/ARA-07-2023-0201
- Zhang, S. (2024). The impact of digital transformation on ESG performance and the moderation of mixed‐ownership reform: The evidence from Chinese state‐owned enterprises. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 31(3), 2195–2210. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2656
References
Atak Atalık, A. (2024). Beyond polarity: How ESG sentiment influences idiosyncratic volatility in the Turkish stock market. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2024.11.003
Bass, B. M., & Riggio, R. E. (2006). Transformational leadership. Psychology Press.
Borah, P. S., Iqbal, S., & Akhtar, S. (2022). Linking social media usage and SME’s sustainable performance: The role of digital leadership and innovation capabilities. Technology in Society, 68, 101900. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2022.101900
Chen, A., Li, L., & Shahid, W. (2024). Digital transformation as the driving force for sustainable business performance: A moderated mediation model of market-driven business model innovation and digital leadership capabilities. Heliyon, 10(8). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2022.101900
Dewi, S. K., Setiono, H., & Ilmidavviq, M. B. (2024). Pengaruh ROA, CR, dan DER terhadap Nilai Perusahaan pada Sektor. Akuntansi, 3(3), 38–49. https://doi.org/10.55606/akuntansi.v3i3.2024
Eccles, R. G., & Klimenko, S. (2019). Shareholders are getting serious about sustainability. Harvard Business Review, 97(3), 106–116.
Farhan, M. (2024). Keseimbangan risiko dan imbal hasil dalam strategi investasi berkelanjutan: Pendekatan integratif terhadap faktor lingkungan, sosial, dan tata kelola perusahaan (ESG). Currency (Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Perbankan Syariah), 2(2), 243–264. https://doi.org/10.32806/ccy.v2i2.241
Feng, Y., & Nie, C. (2024). Digital technology innovation and corporate environmental, social, and governance performance: Evidence from a sample of listed firms in China. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2781
Ferjančič, U., Ichev, R., Lončarski, I., Montariol, S., Pelicon, A., Pollak, S., Sitar Šuštar, K., Toman, A., Valentinčič, A., & Žnidaršič, M. (2024). Textual analysis of corporate sustainability reporting and corporate ESG scores. International Review of Financial Analysis, 96, 103669. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2024.103669
Friede, G., Busch, T., & Bassen, A. (2015). ESG and financial performance: aggregated evidence from more than 2000 empirical studies. Journal of Sustainable Finance & Investment, 5(4), 210–233. https://doi.org/10.1080/20430795.2015.1118917
Hitt, M., Ireland, R., & Hoskisson, R. (2020). Strategic management: Concepts and cases: Competitiveness and globalization, 13e. Cengage Learning, Boston.
Ignatov, K. (2023). When ESG talks: ESG tone of 10-K reports and its significance to stock markets. International Review of Financial Analysis, 89, 102745. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2023.102745
Jaiswal, R., Gupta, S., & Tiwari, A. K. (2024). Decoding mood of the Twitterverse on ESG investing: opinion mining and key themes using machine learning. Management Research Review, 47(8), 1221–1252. https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-07-2023-0526
Khaw, T. Y., Teoh, A. P., Abdul Khalid, S. N., & Letchmunan, S. (2022). The impact of digital leadership on sustainable performance: a systematic literature review. Journal of Management Development, 41(9–10), 514–534. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-03-2022-0070
Kumar, S., Verma, A. K., & Mirza, A. (2024). Digital Revolution, Artificial Intelligence, and Ethical Challenges BT - Digital Transformation, Artificial Intelligence and Society: Opportunities and Challenges (S. Kumar, A. K. Verma, & A. Mirza (eds.); pp. 161–177). Springer Nature Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-5656-8_11
Lagasio, V. (2024). ESG-washing detection in corporate sustainability reports. International Review of Financial Analysis, 96, 103742. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irfa.2024.103742
Liu, X., Yang, Y., Jiang, Y., Fu, Y., Zhong, R. Y., Li, M., & Huang, G. Q. (2023). Data-driven ESG assessment for blockchain services: A comparative study in textiles and apparel industry. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 190, 106837. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2022.106837
Liu, Z., Chen, Z., & Hu, L. (2024). Can enterprise digital transformation improve ESG performance? Managerial and Decision Economics, 45(7), 5088–5103. https://doi.org/10.1002/mde.4307
Lu, Y., Xu, C., Zhu, B., & Sun, Y. (2024). Digitalization transformation and ESG performance: Evidence from China. Business Strategy and the Environment, 33(2), 352–368. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.3494
Lyu, J. (2024). How does digital leadership improve organizational sustainability: Theory and evidence. Journal of Cleaner Production, 434, 140148. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.140148
Maibaum, F., Kriebel, J., & Foege, J. N. (2024). Selecting textual analysis tools to classify sustainability information in corporate reporting. Decision Support Systems, 183, 114269. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2024.114269
Marani, Y. (2024). Assessing the Role of Sustainability and ESG Accounting in Driving Corporate Performance and Stakeholder Value. Advances: Jurnal Ekonomi & Bisnis, 2(2), 59–69. https://doi.org/10.60079/ajeb.v2i2.171
Melawati, F. (2025). Kepemimpinan dan perilaku organisasi di era digital: Menavigasi perubahan dan inovasi. RIGGS: Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Business, 4(2), 1055–1065.
Memon, K. R., & Ooi, S. K. (2023). Identifying digital leadership’s role in fostering competitive advantage through responsible innovation: A SEM-Neural Network approach. Technology in Society, 75, 102399. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2023.102399
Mo, Z., Liu, Y., Lu, C., & Yu, J. (2023). Influences of industrial internet platform firms’ ESG performance and digital leadership on user firms’ innovation performance: The mediating role of inter-firm trust. Journal of Digital Economy, 2, 204–220. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdec.2024.01.002
Oroh, N. S. (2026). Corporate Sustainable Performance in Indonesia: Insights, Gaps, and Research Directions. Advances: Jurnal Ekonomi & Bisnis, 4(2 SE-Articles), 342–360. https://doi.org/10.60079/ajeb.v4i2.793
Qiao, P., Zhao, Y., Fung, A., & Fung, H.-G. (2025). How digital leadership guides ESG sustainability. Research in International Business and Finance, 73, 102644. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ribaf.2024.102644
Schimanski, T., Reding, A., Reding, N., Bingler, J., Kraus, M., & Leippold, M. (2024). Bridging the gap in ESG measurement: Using NLP to quantify environmental, social, and governance communication. Finance Research Letters, 61, 104979. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2024.104979
Teece, D. J. (2007). Explicating dynamic capabilities: the nature and microfoundations of (sustainable) enterprise performance. Strategic Management Journal, 28(13), 1319–1350.
Tigre, F. B., Henriques, P. L., & Curado, C. (2025). The digital leadership emerging construct: a multi-method approach. Management Review Quarterly, 75(1), 789–836. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11301-023-00395-9
Wang, H., Jiao, S., Bu, K., Wang, Y., & Wang, Y. (2023). Digital transformation and manufacturing companies’ ESG responsibility performance. Finance Research Letters, 58, 104370. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2023.104370
Wang, S., & Esperança, J. P. (2023). Can digital transformation improve market and ESG performance? Evidence from Chinese SMEs. Journal of Cleaner Production, 419, 137980. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.137980
Wicaksono, A. S. (2025). Kepemimpinan yang Efektif dalam Menghadapi Era Digital (Studi Kasus pada Perusahaan Sektor Industri di Jawa Barat). Co-Value Jurnal Ekonomi Koperasi Dan Kewirausahaan, 15(10). https://doi.org/10.59188/covalue.v15i10.5232
Wulandari, I. S., & Anis, I. (2026). Pengaruh Praktik ESG terhadap Profitabilitas Perusahaan Teknologi yang Terdaftar di BEI. RIGGS: Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Business, 5(1 SE-Articles), 2922–2930. https://doi.org/10.31004/riggs.v5i1.6282
Yang, X., & Han, Q. (2024). Nonlinear effects of enterprise digital transformation on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance: evidence from China. Sustainability Accounting, Management and Policy Journal, 15(2), 355–381. https://doi.org/10.1108/SAMPJ-08-2023-0553
Zhang, A. Y., & Zhang, J. H. (2024). Renovation in environmental, social and governance (ESG) research: the application of machine learning. Asian Review of Accounting, 32(4), 554–572. https://doi.org/10.1108/ARA-07-2023-0201
Zhang, S. (2024). The impact of digital transformation on ESG performance and the moderation of mixed‐ownership reform: The evidence from Chinese state‐owned enterprises. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 31(3), 2195–2210. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2656