Main Article Content
Abstract
Purpose: This study examines the role of Stoic rationality in prospective students’ school selection decisions and its mediating effects on the relationships between digital marketing, competitive advantage, and school selection decisions.
Research Method: An explanatory quantitative approach was employed using PLS-SEM with SmartPLS 4. Data were collected through purposive sampling from 96 prospective students of MA Ma’arif 7 Sunan Drajat, Lamongan Regency.
Results and Discussion: Digital marketing significantly enhances Stoic rationality but has no significant direct effect on school selection decisions. Competitive advantage positively influences both Stoic rationality and school selection decisions. Stoic rationality significantly influences school selection decisions, fully mediating the effect of digital marketing and partially mediating the effect of competitive advantage.
Implications: The findings highlight rational evaluation as a mechanism linking institutional strategies to educational choices. Islamic schools should strengthen competitive differentiation and develop digital marketing that supports informed decisions. The single-institution setting and limited sample constrain generalizability.
Originality: This study integrates Stoic rationality into educational choice research, demonstrating that digital marketing influences school selection indirectly through rational evaluation rather than directly.
Keywords
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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References
Al-Abdallah, G., & Ababakr, K. (2025). Exploring the mediating effect of digital versus traditional marketing communication on students’ selection of higher education institutions in developing countries. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 2025, Article 5510524. https://doi.org/10.1155/hbe2/5510524
Al-Dmour, R., Al-Dmour, H., & Al-Dmour, A. (2024). The role of marketing mix and social media strategies in influencing international students’ university choices in Jordan. Journal of International Students, 14(4). https://doi.org/10.32674/jis.v14i4.6407
Alfianti, C. D., Riputri, R., & Hadiyanti, A. H. D. (2024). Implementasi Integrasi Kurikulum IPC (International Primary Curriculum) dan Merdeka di SD Nasional Plus Indonesia. Edukatif: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 6(1), 220–231. https://doi.org/10.31004/edukatif.v6i1.5875
Baliyan, S. P., & Mokoena, S. (2024). Students’ choice management: Recipe for improving enrollment in private higher education institutions. Asian Journal of University Education, 20(1), 206–220. https://doi.org/10.24191/ajue.v20i1.26030
BASE. (2025). Effects of resources on competitive advantage and strategic enrollment management of Brazilian private colleges. BASE – Revista de Administração e Contabilidade da Unisinos, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.4013/base.2025.221.09
Bilal, M. (2025). Enhancing the competitive capacity of educational institutions in the era of change. Frontiers in Education. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2025.1620133
Chaffey, D., & Smith, P. R. (2022). Digital marketing excellence: planning, optimizing and integrating online marketing. Routledge.
Desembrianita, E., Mulyono, S., Putra, W. P., & Tarjono, T. (2024). Influence of digital marketing, consumer trust, and brand loyalty on purchase intention (case study of green product consumers). International Journal of Business, Law, and Education, 5(2), 2003–2015. https://doi.org/10.56442/ijble.v5i2.775
Desembrianita, E., Munir Nur, M., Suyoto, Adil, M., & Mahjudin. (2021). Pengaruh citra perguruan tinggi dan kualitas jasa terhadap minat beli di Universitas Muhammadiyah Gresik melalui kepercayaan sebagai variabel intervening. Jurnal Teknologi dan Manajemen, 2(1), 31–40. https://doi.org/10.31284/j.jtm.2021.v2i1.1379
Espelita, C. A. M. H. (2026). Social Media Marketing and Enrollment Intent among College-Bound Learners: Evidence from a Private Higher Education Institution in Region IV-A, Philippines. https://doi.org/10.65166/bcn4pt87
Eum, S. W. (2025). Effects of digital marketing on departmental choice and awareness in higher education. SAGE Open, 15(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/18479790251339786
Fadlillah, D. F., & Qudsyi, H. (2025). The Power of Surrender: The Role of Tawakal in Building Academic Resilience among Indonesian High School Students. Education Policy and Development, 3(2), 71–82. https://doi.org/10.31098/epd.v3i2.3414
Fathoni, I. A., & Remanita, Y. (2026). Operationalizing ʿAql as Moral Reasoning in Islamic Education: A Multi-Site Qualitative Study in Indonesia. Journal of Educational Research and Practice, 4(1), 41–56. https://doi.org/10.70376/jerp.v4i1.398
Gaur, S., Gupta, M., & Sharma, K. (2024). An empirical study on digital marketing determinants affecting students’ college selection. Library Progress International, 44(3), 8146–8150. https://doi.org/10.48165/bapas.2024.44.2.1
Gayatri, F. A., Suryatna, U., & Firliandoko, R. (2025). The role of social media marketing and performance expectancy on enrollment decision at MAN 1 Jepara. Management Studies and Entrepreneurship Journal (MSEJ), 6(1), 1291–1302.
Ghozali, I., & Latan, H. (2020). Partial least squares: Konsep, teknik dan aplikasi menggunakan SmartPLS. Undip Press.
Grimm, J., & Richter, T. (2024). Rational thinking as a general cognitive ability: Factorial structure, underlying cognitive processes, and relevance for university academic success. Learning and Individual Differences, 111, 102428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2024.102428
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2022). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) (3 (Ed.).
Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31(1), 2–24. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203
Hart, P. F., & Rodgers, W. (2024). Competition, competitiveness, and competitive advantage in higher education institutions: A systematic literature review. Studies in Higher Education, 49(11), 2153–2177. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2023.2293926
Hearn, J. (2023). Competition, competitiveness, and competitive advantage in higher education institutions: A systematic literature review. Studies in Higher Education, 49(9), 2153–2177. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2023.2293926
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115–135.
Hirsch, C., von Bülow, C., & Simpson, P. (2023). Stoicism, philosophy as a way of life and negative capability: Developing a capacity for working in radical uncertainty. Philosophy of Management. https://doi.org/10.1177/17427150231178092
Irvine, W. B. (2009). A guide to the good life: The ancient art of Stoic joy. Oxford University Press.
Işıkgöz, M. E. (2025). The role of rational and intuitive decision-making styles in predicting academic achievement of Turkish pre-service physical education teachers. Millî Eğitim, 54(246), 1041–1074. https://doi.org/10.37669/milliegitim.1534848
Jabbar, H., Fong, C. J., & Germain, E. (2022). The competitive effects of school choice on student achievement: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Educational Policy, 36(2), 247–281. https://doi.org/10.1177/0895904819874756
Juhaidi, A., Bainah, B., Tajudin, A., & Munadi, M. (2024). Islamic and Senior High Schools in School Market in Indonesia. Edunesia: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan, 5(1), 296–311. https://doi.org/10.51276/edu.v5i1.673
Kahneman, D. (2011). Thinking, fast and slow. Farrar, Straus and Giroux.
Karani, N., & Saravanan, D. (2024). Stoic economics: A theoretical examination of a shift in consumer philosophy towards stoicism. Journal of Economics, Finance and Accounting Studies, 6(5).
Karo, S. N., & Erwansyah. (2025). School Promotion and Positioning Effects on School Choice, Mediated by Brand Equity. Jemasi: Jurnal Ekonomi Manajemen dan Akuntansi, 21(2), 158–167. https://doi.org/10.35449/jemasi.v21i2.1115
Kharisma, A. Y., & Agzumi, G. (2026). The Impact of Digital Marketing on Prospective Students’ University Choice: Evidence from UDB Surakarta. The Eastasouth Management and Business, 4(2), 565–574. https://doi.org/10.58812/esmb.v4i02.910
Kotler, P., & Keller, K. L. (2016). Marketing Management (15th ed). Pearson Education Limited.
Kotler, P., Kartajaya, H., & Setiawan, I. (2021). Marketing 5.0: Technology for Humanity. Wiley.
Liao, Y.-K., & Suprapto, R. R. M. (2024). An empirical model of university competitiveness and rankings: The effects of entrepreneurial behaviors and dynamic capabilities. Asia Pacific Management Review, 29(1), 34–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmrv.2023.04.005
Lopes, A. R., & Casais, B. (2024). Social media in higher education marketing: A systematic literature review and research agenda. Cogent Business & Management, 11(1), 2423059. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2423059
Mahjudin, M., Saputra, I. D. A., & Daengs, A. G. S. (2024). The aftermath of marketing mix on decisions consumer purchases from trading companies. Journal of Managerial Sciences and Studies, 2(3), 766–783. https://doi.org/10.61160
Mehrabian, A., & Russell, J. A. (1974). A Verbal Measure of Information Rate for Studies in Environmental Psychology. Environment & Behavior, 6, 233-252. https://doi.org/10.1177/001391657400600205
Mu, W., & Yi, Y. (2024). The impact of characteristic factors of the DTC marketing model on consumer loyalty: S-O-R perspective. Frontiers in Psychology, 15, 1347588. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1347588
Muttaqin, T. (2024). Sekolah versus Madrasah: Navigating the varied effects of multilevel factors on student English reading performance. School Effectiveness and School Improvement. https://doi.org/10.1080/09243453.2024.2380673
Nagoya, R., Bernarto, I., Antonio, F., Pramono, R., Wanasida, A. S., & Purwanto, A. (2021). Exploring intention to enroll university using an extended stimulus-organism-response model. Academy of Strategic Management Journal, 20(Special Issue 2), 1–12.
Pickering, J., et al., (2025). Numeracy, logical reasoning and real-world decision making. Research in Mathematics Education. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/14794802.2025.2472675
Pigliucci, M. (2017). How to be a Stoic: Using ancient philosophy to live a modern life. Basic Books.
Porter, M. E. (1985). Competitive advantage: Creating and sustaining superior performance. Free Press.
Pulungan, M. H., Lubis, S., & Kholil, S. (2024). The Influence of Marketing Communication via Instagram at the Al Amjad Islamic School in Medan on the Perceptions and Educational Preferences of Students’ Parents. International Journal of Scientific Multidisciplinary Research, 2(10). https://doi.org/10.55927/ijsmr.v2i10.12005
Putra, K. W. S., & Laksmi, K. W. (2024). Mengelola Emosi dalam Keuangan: Pengaruh Stoisisme pada Perilaku Konsumen dan Keputusan Finansial. Economic and Education Journal (Ecoducation), 6(3). https://doi.org/10.33503/ecoducation.v6i3.387
Putri, N., MY, M., & Fitriani, S. (2026). Digital-Based Educational Marketing Strategies in Islamic Schools: Constraints and Supporting Factors for Institutional Competitiveness. International Journal of Islamic Education, Research and Multiculturalism (IJIERM), 8(1). https://doi.org/10.47006/ijierm.v8i1.666
Robertson, D. (2019). How to think like a Roman emperor: The Stoic philosophy of Marcus Aurelius. St. Martin’s Press.
Rozenkowska, K. (2023). Theory of planned behavior in consumer behavior research: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Consumer Studies. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijcs.12970
Ruangkanjanases, A., Sivarak, O., Wibowo, A., & Chen, S. C. (2022). Creating behavioral engagement through social media marketing activities. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1004573.
Ryan, D. (2020). Understanding digital marketing: Marketing strategies for engaging the digital generation (5th ed.). Kogan Page.
Sakinah, S. S., Nurmila, N., & Kasmin. (2024). Pengaruh Strategi Branding Image dalam Pemasaran Pendidikan Terhadap Peningkatan Daya Saing Madrasah. AKSI: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 3(1), 66–76. https://doi.org/10.37348/aksi.v3i1.505
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