Article Sidebar

Download
PDF
Statistic
Read Counter : 34 Download : 27

Main Article Content

Abstract

Purpose: This study aims to analyze the influence of work-life balance, work environment, and work discipline on employee performance in public-sector organizations, and to examine the role of intrinsic motivation as a mediating variable in the relationships among these variables.


Research Design and Methodology: This study employs a quantitative, associative design. Data was collected through a structured questionnaire distributed to employees at 40 Regional Government Agencies (OPDs) in Papua Province, with a total of 109 respondents. Data analysis was conducted using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) to test the direct and indirect effects between variables


Findings and Discussion: The results of the study indicate that work-life balance, work discipline, and intrinsic motivation have a direct and significant effect on employee performance; the work environment has a significant effect on intrinsic motivation; and intrinsic motivation was found to partially mediate the relationship between the work environment and employee performance, but does not mediate the effects of work-life balance and work discipline on performance. These findings suggest that employee performance is more influenced by internal motivational processes that are shaped by the work environment.


Implications: This study makes a theoretical and practical contribution by emphasizing the importance of intrinsic motivation as a psychological mechanism for improving employee performance. In practical terms, public sector organizations need to create a conducive work environment and strengthen strategies to enhance intrinsic motivation, thereby boosting employee performance, particularly in regions with unique characteristics, such as Papua Province.

Keywords

intrinsic motivation work-life balance work environment work discipline public sector employee performance

Article Details

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

How to Cite
Mustajab, D., Rasyid, A., & Darmayanti, N. (2025). Intrinsic Motivation as a Mediator of the Effects of Work-Life Balance, Work Environment, and Work Discipline on Public Sector Employee Performance. Advances in Human Resource Management Research, 3(3), 183–201. https://doi.org/10.60079/ahrmr.v3i3.817
Download Citation
Endnote/Zotero/Mendeley (RIS)
BibTeX

References

  1. Ahmad, R., Nawaz, M. R., Ishaq, M. I., Khan, M. M., & Ashraf, H. A. (2023). Social exchange theory: Systematic review and future directions. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1015921
  2. Angela Kurniati Kunda, Supriyoko, R. (2023). Pengaruh Kompetensi, Motivasi Kerja dan Lingkungan Kerja secara bersama-sama terhadap Kinerja Guru di SMAS St. Familia Wae Nakeng Manggarai Barat NTT. Jurnal Ilmiah PGSD FKIP Universitas Mandiri, 09(November 2022), 645–655.
  3. Annisa, E., & Hastasari, R. (2025). Pengaruh Work-Life Balance dan Lingkungan Kerja terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Dinas Kependudukan dan Pencatatan Sipil Kota Bekasi. Jurnal Manajemen Ekonomi Dan Akuntansi, 1(2), 157–163. https://doi.org/10.63921/jmaeka.v1i2.43
  4. Aprisonia A, S., Zefriyenni, & Veri, J. (2025). Peran Mediasi Motivasi Kerja Pada Hubungan Kompensasi, Lingkungan Kerja, Beban Kerja, Dan Kinerja Di Puskesmas Selayo Kecamatan Kubung Kabupaten Solok. Journal Publicuho, 8(1), 493–507. https://doi.org/10.35817/publicuho.v8i1.688
  5. Arianto, A., & Rahayu, Muji. (2025). The effect of motivation and work discipline on employee performance PT Bagus Jaya Textile. Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE), 8(3), 7764–7775. https://doi.org/e-journal.uac.ac.id/index.php/iijse/article/view/6933
  6. Arsawan, W. E., Da, A., Soares, C., & Kelen, B. (2023). The Relationship between Career Development and Employee Performance: Work Motivation as a Mediator. Journal Of Digitainability, Realism & Mastery (Dream), 02(12). https://doi.org/10.56982/dream.v2iSI(12)-DECEMBER.173
  7. Badan Pusat Statistik. (2024). Indeks Pembangunan Manusia Provinsi Papua 2024. https://papua.bps.go.id
  8. Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2007). The Job Demands‐Resources model: state of the art. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 22(3), 309–328. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683940710733115
  9. Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2017). Job demands–resources theory: Taking stock and looking forward. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 22(3), 273–285. https://doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000056
  10. Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Sanz-Vergel, A. (2023). Job Demands–Resources Theory: Ten Years Later. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 10(1), 25–53. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-120920-053933
  11. Bakker, A. B., & Mostert, K. (2024). Study Demands–Resources Theory: Understanding Student Well-Being in Higher Education. Educational Psychology Review, 36(3), 92. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-024-09940-8
  12. Barokah, M., Suhardi, S., Sofyan, A., & Amin, Mat. (2025). The Effect Of Work-Life Balance, Organisational Culture And Motivation. SIBATIK Journal, 4(6), 877–989. https://doi.org/publish.ojs-indonesia.com/index.php/SIBATIK/article/view/2792
  13. Becker, G. S. (1964). Human Capital: A Theoretical and Empirical Analysis, with Special Reference to Education (The University of Chicago Press, Ed.; 3rd ed., Vol. 3). The University of Chicago Press. https://doi.org/http://digamo.free.fr/becker1993
  14. Chin, W. W. (1998). The partial least squares approach for structural equation modeling. In G. A. Marcoulides (Ed.), Modern methods for business research. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers, 295–336. https://doi.org/psycnet.apa.org/record/1998-07269-010
  15. Cropanzano, R., & Mitchell, M. S. (2005). Social Exchange Theory: An Interdisciplinary Review. Journal of Management, 31(6), 874–900. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206305279602
  16. Demerouti, E., & Bakker, A. B. (2023). Job demands-resources theory in times of crises: New propositions. Organizational Psychology Review, 13(3), 209–236. https://doi.org/10.1177/20413866221135022
  17. Dwitanti, E., Murwani, F. D., & Siswanto, E. (2023). The effect of work-life balance on employee performance through work stress and workload. International Journal of Business, Law, and Education, 4(2), 569–586. https://doi.org/10.56442/ijble.v4i2.211
  18. Evans, P., Vansteenkiste, M., Parker, P., Kingsford-Smith, A., & Zhou, S. (2024). Cognitive Load Theory and Its Relationships with Motivation: A Self-Determination Theory Perspective. Educational Psychology Review, 36(1), 7. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-023-09841-2
  19. Febriyanti, Q., Hadian, D., & Machmud, S. (2023). Effect of Work Discipline and Communication on Employee Performance. Acman: Accounting and Management Journal, 3(1), 21–27. https://doi.org/10.55208/aj.v3i1.56
  20. Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating Structural Equation Models with Unobservable Variables and Measurement Error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151312
  21. Gallup. (2023). State of the global workplace 2023 report. https://www.gallup.com/workplace/349484/state-of-the-global-workplace.aspx
  22. Greenhaus, J. H., Collins, K. M., & Shaw, J. D. (2003). The relation between work–family balance and quality of life. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 63(3), 510–531. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-8791(02)00042-8
  23. Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Danks, N. P., & Ray, S. (2021). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) Using R. Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80519-7
  24. Hanafiah & Juhadi. (2020). Pengaruh Pelatihan dan Pengalaman Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Di Rumah Sakit Bersalin Kota Bandung. Jurnal Ilmiah MEA (Manajemen, Ekonomi, dan Akuntansi), 4(1), 333–349.
  25. Hayati, R., Mardianty, D., Agia, L. N., & Denny, P. (2023). Pengaruh Motivasi Intrinsik dan Motivasi Ekstrinsik Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Pada CV. Riho Mandiri. Journal of Economic, Business and Accounting (COSTING), 7(1), 252–259. https://doi.org/10.31539/costing.v7i1.6056
  26. Heluka, I., Rante, Y., & Ratang, W. (2025). Work Discipline as the Strongest Determinant of Employee Performance: Evidence from Local Government in a Developing Region of Indonesia. Adhigana Papua: Jurnal Ilmiah Magister Manajemen, 3(2), 44–53. https://doi.org/10.61331/adhiganapapua.v3i2.32
  27. Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115–135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
  28. Ilham, R., & Budianto, S. N. A. (2023). Effect of Communication and Work Environment on Employee Performance. Journal of Business Management and Economic Development, 1(02), 132–140. https://doi.org/10.59653/jbmed.v1i02.53
  29. Joshi, A., Kale, S., Chandel, S., & Pal, D. (2015). Likert Scale: Explored and Explained. British Journal of Applied Science & Technology, 7(4), 396–403. https://doi.org/10.9734/BJAST/2015/14975
  30. Kale. dkk. (2023). Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan, Disiplin dan Lingkungan Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan dengan Motivasi Kerja Sebagai Mediasi (Suatu Kajian Studi Literatur Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia). Jurnal Ilmu Manajemen …, 4(3), 622–630. https://www.dinastirev.org/JIMT/article/view/1475%0Ahttps://www.dinastirev.org/JIMT/article/download/1475/891
  31. Karyono, K., & Gunawan, A. (2021). Pengaruh Pelatihan dan Kompensasi Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan pada PT. Asahi Forge Indonesia. IKRA-ITH Ekonomika, 4(2), 20–30. https://doi.org/10.37817/ikraith-ekonomika.v4i2.1012
  32. Khateeb Károly, F. R. (n.d.). Work Life Balance: A Review Of Theories, Definitions, and Policies. In Cross-Cultural Management Journal: XXIII.
  33. Kilroy, J., Dundon, T., & Townsend, K. (2023). Embedding reciprocity in human resource management: A social exchange theory of the role of frontline managers. Human Resource Management Journal, 33(2), 511–531. https://doi.org/10.1111/1748-8583.12468
  34. Krijgsheld, M., Tummers, L. G., & Scheepers, F. E. (2022). Job performance in healthcare: a systematic review. BMC Health Services Research, 22(1), 149. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-07357-5
  35. Kurniawati, A. F., & Nuvriasari, A. (2025). The Effect of Work Environment, Work-Life Balance, and Employee Engagement on Employee Loyalty. Research Horizon, 5(2), 97–108. https://doi.org/10.54518/rh.5.2.2025.482
  36. Kusuma, T. N., Rasyid, A., & Pongtiku, A. (2025). The Influence of Intrinsic Motivation on Performance With Work Behavior as A Mediating Variable. Paradoks : Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, 8(3), 599–606. https://doi.org/10.57178/paradoks.v8i3.1442
  37. Likert, R. (1932). A technique for the measurement of attitudes (Archives of Psychology, Ed.). Archives of Psychology. https://doi.org/legacy.voteview.com/pdf/Likert_1932
  38. Liu, Y., Cherian, J., Ahmad, N., Han, H., de Vicente-Lama, M., & Ariza-Montes, A. (2023). Internal Corporate Social Responsibility and Employee Burnout: An Employee Management Perspective from the Healthcare Sector. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, Volume 16, 283–302. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S388207
  39. López-Cabarcos, Á. M., Vázquez-Rodríguez, P., & Quiñoá-Piñeiro, L. M. (2022). An approach to employees’ job performance through work environmental variables and leadership behaviours. Journal of Business Research, 140, 361–369. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2021.11.006
  40. Marhanah, S., Ahman, E., Senen, S. H., & Disman, D. (2025). The Effect of Work-Life Balance on Employee Performance: Evidence from a Four-Star Hotel in Bandung, Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Kesatuan, 13(5), 3451–3456. https://doi.org/10.37641/jimkes.v13i5.3983
  41. Mazaya, K. N., Setiawan, M., & Susilowati, C. (2024). Work motivation and work-life balance on employee performance as mediated by job satisfaction. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478), 13(7), 239–253. https://doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v13i7.3891
  42. Miller, K. A., Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1988). Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior. Contemporary Sociology, 17(2), 253. https://doi.org/10.2307/2070638
  43. Momot, F. O. E., Akbar, M. A., Mustajab, D., Irawan, A., & Suratini, S. (2025). Pengaruh Kepemimpinan, Motivasi dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Dinas Pekerjaan Umum Penataan Ruang Perumahan dan Kawasan Pemukiman Provinsi Papua. Economics and Digital Business Review, 6(2), 1576–1593. https://doi.org/10.37531/ecotal.v6i2.2713
  44. Olafsen, A. H. (2024). Self-determination theory. In Elgar Encyclopedia of Organizational Psychology (pp. 641–646). Edward Elgar Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781803921761.00125
  45. Olafsen, A. H., Marescaux, B. P. C., & Kujanpää, M. (2025). Crafting for autonomy, competence, and relatedness: A self‐determination theory model of need crafting at work. Applied Psychology, 74(1). https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.12570
  46. Pekaar, K. A., van der Linden, D., Bakker, A. B., & Born, M. Ph. (2017). Emotional intelligence and job performance: The role of enactment and focus on others’ emotions. Human Performance, 30(2–3), 135–153. https://doi.org/10.1080/08959285.2017.1332630
  47. Putra, D. S. F., & Abadiyah, R. (2025). Organizational Culture, Motivation, and Climate Determine Employee Performance at PT ROMI. Indonesian Journal of Innovation Studies, 26(1). https://doi.org/10.21070/ijins.v26i1.1782
  48. Putra, R. S., Agustina, T. S., & Aziz, A. A. B. (2025). The Influence of Work Environment and Work Discipline on Employee Performance through Job Satisfaction. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Kesatuan, 13(5), 3745–3754. https://doi.org/10.37641/jimkes.v13i5.3629
  49. Rivai, V., & Sagala, E. J. (2015). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia Untuk Perusahaan Edisi Ke-7. Depok: PT. Raja Grafindo.
  50. Rivaldo, Y., & Nabella, S. D. (2023). Employee Performance: Education, Training, Experience and Work Discipline. Quality - Access to Success, 24(193). https://doi.org/10.47750/QAS/24.193.20
  51. Robbins, S., Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2025). Essentials of Organizational Behavior, Global Edition (BoD – Books on Demand, Ed.; Global Edition). Pearson Education Limited. https://doi.org/books.google.co.id/books?id=cBu4EQAAQBAJ
  52. Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68–78. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68
  53. Salsabilla, N., Puspitasari, P., Haqi, D. N., Rofiq, A., & Wulandari, R. D. (2022). Analysis of Work Motivation And Work Discipline of Employee at Wiyung Sejahtera Hospital Surabaya. The Indonesian Journal of Public Health, 17(1), 95–105. https://doi.org/10.20473/ijph.v17i1.2022.95-105
  54. Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2020). Research Methods for Business: A Skill-Building Approach. In John Wiley & Sons Ltd (8th Ed). Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research.
  55. Shaari, R., Sarip, A., & Ramadhinda, S. (2022). A Study of The Influence of Physical Work Environments on Employee Performance. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 12(12). https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v12-i12/15975
  56. Shen, L., Lu, Y., He, Y., Wang, P., Chen, Y., Li, H., Yang, Z., Zhang, J., Wang, Z., Jiang, M., Zheng, J., & Zhu, J. (2024). Work stress and competency among radiology residents: the mediating effect of resilience. Frontiers in Public Health, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1415351
  57. Susanto, A. F., & Pratama, M. A. (2022). Revisiting the Originality of Indonesian Philosophy (Indonesian Humankind and Philosophical Identity). Wisdom, 24(4), 143–151. https://doi.org/10.24234/wisdom.v24i4.923
  58. Susanto, P., Hoque, M. E., Jannat, T., Emely, B., Zona, M. A., & Islam, M. A. (2022). Work-Life Balance, Job Satisfaction, and Job Performance of SMEs Employees: The Moderating Role of Family-Supportive Supervisor Behaviors. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.906876
  59. Vroom, V. H. (1964). Work and motivation. wiley.
  60. Wahyudin, A., Fitriati, A., Darmawan, A., & Rachmawati, E. (2025). Pengaruh work-life balance dan motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja karyawan dengan kepuasan kerja sebagai variabel intervening. Entrepreneurship Bisnis Manajemen Akuntansi (E-BISMA), 110–131. https://doi.org/10.37631/ebisma.v6i1.1802
  61. Widyawati, I., Anugrah, Z. P., Ni’mah, N. N., Mubarokah, A., & Amelia, S. A. (2025). Tinjauan Literatur: Peran E-Performance Management dalam Meningkatkan Objektivitas Penilaian Kinerja Pegawai. Journal of Literature Review, 1(1), 91–98. https://doi.org/10.63822/20rpap17
  62. Yang, Y., Obrenovic, B., Kamotho, D. W., Godinic, D., & Ostic, D. (2024). Enhancing Job Performance: The Critical Roles of Well-Being, Satisfaction, and Trust in Supervisors. Behavioral Sciences, 14(8), 688. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs14080688
  63. Zhao, R., & Du, Y. (2021). The Impact of Higher Education and Human Capital Quality on “Local-Neighborhood” Economic Growth. Best Evidence in Chinese Education. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:236406752