Main Article Content
Abstract
Purpose: This study examines how psychological safety and perceived organizational support influence the economic and operational continuity of culinary SMEs through innovative work behavior.
Research Method: This study employed a quantitative explanatory design. Data were collected from 326 employees of culinary SMEs in major cities across Java and Bali using a structured five-point Likert-scale questionnaire. SEM-PLS was used to assess the measurement model, structural model, and specific indirect effects.
Results and Discussion: Perceived organizational support significantly affected innovative work behavior and sustainable business development, while innovative work behavior significantly affected sustainable business development. Psychological safety did not significantly affect either outcome. Innovative work behavior mediated the effect of perceived organizational support, but not the effect of psychological safety, on sustainable business development.
Implications: Culinary SME owners should combine an open communication climate with tangible support, employee autonomy, work resources, recognition, and opportunities to implement ideas.
Originality: The study identifies a boundary condition of psychological safety in owner-managed culinary SMEs and shows that perceived organizational support is a more actionable organizational resource for converting employee innovation into long-term economic and operational continuity.
Keywords
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
- Achmad, F., & Wiratmadja, I. I. (2025). Organizational performance and competitive advantage in SMEs: The role of green innovation and knowledge management. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 11, Article 100532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joitmc.2025.100532
- Alarifi, G., & Adam, N. A. (2023). The role of participatory leadership and employee innovative behavior on SMEs’ endurance. Sustainability, 15(3), Article 2740. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15032740
- AlEssa, H. S., & Durugbo, C. M. (2022). Systematic review of innovative work behavior concepts and contributions. Management Review Quarterly, 72(4), 1171–1208. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11301-021-00224-x
- Anser, M. K., Yousaf, Z., Yasir, M., Sharif, M., Nasir, M. H., Rasheed, M. I., Waheed, J., Hussain, H., & Majid, A. (2022). How to unleash innovative work behavior of SMEs’ workers through knowledge sharing? Accessing functional flexibility as a mediator. European Journal of Innovation Management, 25(1), 233–248. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-11-2019-0332
- Aristana, I. N., Puspitawati, N. M. D., Salain, P. P. P., Koval, V., Konarivska, O., & Paniuk, T. (2024). Improving innovative work behavior in small and medium enterprises: Integrating transformational leadership, knowledge sharing, and psychological empowerment. Societies, 14(11), Article 228. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14110228
- Baeshen, Y., Soomro, Y. A., & Bhutto, M. Y. (2021). Determinants of green innovation to achieve sustainable business performance: Evidence from SMEs. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, Article 767968. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.767968
- Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. Wiley.
- Chen, J., & Zhang, A. (2024). Exploring how and when environmental corporate social responsibility impacts employees’ green innovative work behavior: The mediating role of creative self-efficacy and environmental commitment. Sustainability, 16(1), Article 234. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16010234
- Edmondson, A. (1999). Psychological safety and learning behavior in work teams. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44(2), 350–383. https://doi.org/10.2307/2666999
- Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S., & Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3), 500–507. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.71.3.500
- Ekmekcioglu, E. B., & Öner, K. (2024). Servant leadership, innovative work behavior and innovative organizational culture: The mediating role of perceived organizational support. European Journal of Management and Business Economics, 33(3), 272–288. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJMBE-08-2022-0251
- Elshaer, I. A., Azazz, A. M. S., & Fayyad, S. (2023). Green management and sustainable performance of small- and medium-sized hospitality businesses: Moderating the role of an employee’s pro-environmental behaviour. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(3), Article 2244. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032244
- Fan, C., Tang, S., Chen, L., & Sun, T. (2022). Perceived organizational support and proactive innovation behavior: The mediating role of basic psychological needs. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, Article 804363. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.804363
- Fauzan, T. R., & Sudrajat, A. S. S. N. S. (2025). Sustainable supply chain practices and business performance of culinary MSMEs in West Java. Journal of Management and Digital Business, 5(2), 585–602. https://doi.org/10.53088/jmdb.v5i2.1956
- Guenther, P., Guenther, M., Ringle, C. M., Zaefarian, G., & Cartwright, S. (2023). Improving PLS-SEM use for business marketing research. Industrial Marketing Management, 111, 127–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2023.03.010
- Hair, J., & Alamer, A. (2022). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) in second language and education research: Guidelines using an applied example. Research Methods in Applied Linguistics, 1(3), Article 100027. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmal.2022.100027
- Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Gudergan, S. P. (2024). Advanced issues in partial least squares structural equation modeling (2nd ed.). SAGE Publications.
- Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44(3), 513–524. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.44.3.513
- Jankelová, N., Joniaková, Z., & Mišún, J. (2021). Innovative work behavior—A key factor in business performance? The role of team cognitive diversity and teamwork climate in this relationship. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 14(4), Article 185. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14040185
- Jin, X., Qing, C., & Jin, S. (2022). Ethical leadership and innovative behavior: Mediating role of voice behavior and moderated mediation role of psychological safety. Sustainability, 14(9), Article 5125. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095125
- Kock, N. (2015). Common method bias in PLS-SEM: A full collinearity assessment approach. International Journal of e-Collaboration, 11(4), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijec.2015100101
- Knezović, E., & Drkić, A. (2021). Innovative work behavior in SMEs: The role of transformational leadership. Employee Relations, 43(2), 398–415. https://doi.org/10.1108/ER-03-2020-0124
- Kyambade, M., Namuddu, R., Mugambwa, J., & Namatovu, A. (2024). Psychological safety and innovative work behavior: Does socially responsible leadership matter? SEISENSE Business Review, 4(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.33215/6gahb262
- Liu, X., Huang, Y., Kim, J., & Na, S. (2023). How ethical leadership cultivates innovative work behaviors in employees? Psychological safety, work engagement and openness to experience. Sustainability, 15(4), Article 3452. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15043452
- Margaretha, M., Sudiro, A., Kurniawati, D. T., & Prabandari, S. P. (2025). Enhancing innovative work behavior through perceived organizational support: The mediating role of person-organization fit. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 23(2), 583–594. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.23(2).2025.42
- Marie, T., Aysolmaz, B., Figge, L., & Joshi, A. (2023). Green business process management for business sustainability: A case study of manufacturing small and medium-sized enterprises from Germany. Journal of Cleaner Production, 401, Article 136667. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.136667
- Masyhuri, M., Pardiman, P., & Siswanto, S. (2021). The effect of workplace spirituality, perceived organizational support, and innovative work behavior: The mediating role of psychological well-being. Journal of Economics, Business, and Accountancy Ventura, 24(1), 63–77. https://doi.org/10.14414/jebav.v24i1.2477
- Megawati, S., Herdiansyah, H., Machmud, A., Antriyandarti, E., & Sudirman, S. (2024). Integrating circular economy, digital economy, and social protection policies to drive green business innovation: Insights from Indonesia’s culinary SMEs. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 22(4), 368–381. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.22(4).2024.28
- Musenze, I. A., & Mayende, T. S. (2023). Ethical leadership (EL) and innovative work behavior (IWB) in public universities: Examining the moderating role of perceived organizational support (POS). Management Research Review, 46(5), 682–701. https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-12-2021-0858
- Oh, S.-H. D., Dong, L., Nahm, A. Y., & Yu, G.-C. (2023). Fostering innovation and involvement among Korean workers in problem solving through trust and psychological safety: The role of paradoxical leader behaviours. Asia Pacific Business Review, 29(3), 701–718. https://doi.org/10.1080/13602381.2021.1941529
- Park, J., & Kim, W. (2022). The impact of perceived organizational support on innovative work behaviour through psychological empowerment: Focusing on the moderated mediating role of organizational procedural justice. Journal of Technical Education and Training, 14(1), 178–191. https://doi.org/10.30880/jtet.2022.14.01.015
- Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J.-Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879–903. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879
- Pusung, C. S., Narsa, N. P. D. R. H., & Wardhaningrum, O. A. (2023). Innovation, competitive strategy and MSME performance: A survey study on culinary SMEs in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Business: Theory and Practice, 24(1), 160–172. https://doi.org/10.3846/btp.2023.16676
- Rhoades, L., & Eisenberger, R. (2002). Perceived organizational support: A review of the literature. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(4), 698–714. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.4.698
- Rumijati, A., & Hakim, A. R. (2023). Innovative work behavior and self-efficacy: Does entrepreneurial leadership impact MSME business performance? Problems and Perspectives in Management, 21(4), 304–315. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.21(4).2023.24
- Sarstedt, M., Hair, J. F., Pick, M., Liengaard, B. D., Radomir, L., & Ringle, C. M. (2022). Progress in partial least squares structural equation modeling use in marketing research in the last decade. Psychology & Marketing, 39(5), 1035–1064. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.21640
- Wang, S., & Zhang, H. (2025). Enhancing SMEs sustainable innovation and performance through digital transformation: Insights from strategic technology, organizational dynamics, and environmental adaptation. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 98, Article 102124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2024.102124
- Xu, Z., & Suntrayuth, S. (2022). Innovative work behavior in high-tech enterprises: Chain intermediary effect of psychological safety and knowledge sharing. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, Article 1017121. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1017121
- Yudawisastra, H. G., Anwar, M., Nidar, S. R., & Azis, Y. (2023). The emergence of green management and sustainability performance for sustainable business at small medium enterprises (SMEs) in the culinary sector in Indonesia. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 18(5), 1489–1497. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.180519
References
Achmad, F., & Wiratmadja, I. I. (2025). Organizational performance and competitive advantage in SMEs: The role of green innovation and knowledge management. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 11, Article 100532. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joitmc.2025.100532
Alarifi, G., & Adam, N. A. (2023). The role of participatory leadership and employee innovative behavior on SMEs’ endurance. Sustainability, 15(3), Article 2740. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15032740
AlEssa, H. S., & Durugbo, C. M. (2022). Systematic review of innovative work behavior concepts and contributions. Management Review Quarterly, 72(4), 1171–1208. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11301-021-00224-x
Anser, M. K., Yousaf, Z., Yasir, M., Sharif, M., Nasir, M. H., Rasheed, M. I., Waheed, J., Hussain, H., & Majid, A. (2022). How to unleash innovative work behavior of SMEs’ workers through knowledge sharing? Accessing functional flexibility as a mediator. European Journal of Innovation Management, 25(1), 233–248. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJIM-11-2019-0332
Aristana, I. N., Puspitawati, N. M. D., Salain, P. P. P., Koval, V., Konarivska, O., & Paniuk, T. (2024). Improving innovative work behavior in small and medium enterprises: Integrating transformational leadership, knowledge sharing, and psychological empowerment. Societies, 14(11), Article 228. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14110228
Baeshen, Y., Soomro, Y. A., & Bhutto, M. Y. (2021). Determinants of green innovation to achieve sustainable business performance: Evidence from SMEs. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, Article 767968. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.767968
Blau, P. M. (1964). Exchange and power in social life. Wiley.
Chen, J., & Zhang, A. (2024). Exploring how and when environmental corporate social responsibility impacts employees’ green innovative work behavior: The mediating role of creative self-efficacy and environmental commitment. Sustainability, 16(1), Article 234. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16010234
Edmondson, A. (1999). Psychological safety and learning behavior in work teams. Administrative Science Quarterly, 44(2), 350–383. https://doi.org/10.2307/2666999
Eisenberger, R., Huntington, R., Hutchison, S., & Sowa, D. (1986). Perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology, 71(3), 500–507. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.71.3.500
Ekmekcioglu, E. B., & Öner, K. (2024). Servant leadership, innovative work behavior and innovative organizational culture: The mediating role of perceived organizational support. European Journal of Management and Business Economics, 33(3), 272–288. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJMBE-08-2022-0251
Elshaer, I. A., Azazz, A. M. S., & Fayyad, S. (2023). Green management and sustainable performance of small- and medium-sized hospitality businesses: Moderating the role of an employee’s pro-environmental behaviour. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(3), Article 2244. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20032244
Fan, C., Tang, S., Chen, L., & Sun, T. (2022). Perceived organizational support and proactive innovation behavior: The mediating role of basic psychological needs. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, Article 804363. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.804363
Fauzan, T. R., & Sudrajat, A. S. S. N. S. (2025). Sustainable supply chain practices and business performance of culinary MSMEs in West Java. Journal of Management and Digital Business, 5(2), 585–602. https://doi.org/10.53088/jmdb.v5i2.1956
Guenther, P., Guenther, M., Ringle, C. M., Zaefarian, G., & Cartwright, S. (2023). Improving PLS-SEM use for business marketing research. Industrial Marketing Management, 111, 127–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2023.03.010
Hair, J., & Alamer, A. (2022). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) in second language and education research: Guidelines using an applied example. Research Methods in Applied Linguistics, 1(3), Article 100027. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmal.2022.100027
Hair, J. F., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C. M., & Gudergan, S. P. (2024). Advanced issues in partial least squares structural equation modeling (2nd ed.). SAGE Publications.
Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44(3), 513–524. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.44.3.513
Jankelová, N., Joniaková, Z., & Mišún, J. (2021). Innovative work behavior—A key factor in business performance? The role of team cognitive diversity and teamwork climate in this relationship. Journal of Risk and Financial Management, 14(4), Article 185. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14040185
Jin, X., Qing, C., & Jin, S. (2022). Ethical leadership and innovative behavior: Mediating role of voice behavior and moderated mediation role of psychological safety. Sustainability, 14(9), Article 5125. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14095125
Kock, N. (2015). Common method bias in PLS-SEM: A full collinearity assessment approach. International Journal of e-Collaboration, 11(4), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.4018/ijec.2015100101
Knezović, E., & Drkić, A. (2021). Innovative work behavior in SMEs: The role of transformational leadership. Employee Relations, 43(2), 398–415. https://doi.org/10.1108/ER-03-2020-0124
Kyambade, M., Namuddu, R., Mugambwa, J., & Namatovu, A. (2024). Psychological safety and innovative work behavior: Does socially responsible leadership matter? SEISENSE Business Review, 4(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.33215/6gahb262
Liu, X., Huang, Y., Kim, J., & Na, S. (2023). How ethical leadership cultivates innovative work behaviors in employees? Psychological safety, work engagement and openness to experience. Sustainability, 15(4), Article 3452. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15043452
Margaretha, M., Sudiro, A., Kurniawati, D. T., & Prabandari, S. P. (2025). Enhancing innovative work behavior through perceived organizational support: The mediating role of person-organization fit. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 23(2), 583–594. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.23(2).2025.42
Marie, T., Aysolmaz, B., Figge, L., & Joshi, A. (2023). Green business process management for business sustainability: A case study of manufacturing small and medium-sized enterprises from Germany. Journal of Cleaner Production, 401, Article 136667. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2023.136667
Masyhuri, M., Pardiman, P., & Siswanto, S. (2021). The effect of workplace spirituality, perceived organizational support, and innovative work behavior: The mediating role of psychological well-being. Journal of Economics, Business, and Accountancy Ventura, 24(1), 63–77. https://doi.org/10.14414/jebav.v24i1.2477
Megawati, S., Herdiansyah, H., Machmud, A., Antriyandarti, E., & Sudirman, S. (2024). Integrating circular economy, digital economy, and social protection policies to drive green business innovation: Insights from Indonesia’s culinary SMEs. Problems and Perspectives in Management, 22(4), 368–381. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.22(4).2024.28
Musenze, I. A., & Mayende, T. S. (2023). Ethical leadership (EL) and innovative work behavior (IWB) in public universities: Examining the moderating role of perceived organizational support (POS). Management Research Review, 46(5), 682–701. https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-12-2021-0858
Oh, S.-H. D., Dong, L., Nahm, A. Y., & Yu, G.-C. (2023). Fostering innovation and involvement among Korean workers in problem solving through trust and psychological safety: The role of paradoxical leader behaviours. Asia Pacific Business Review, 29(3), 701–718. https://doi.org/10.1080/13602381.2021.1941529
Park, J., & Kim, W. (2022). The impact of perceived organizational support on innovative work behaviour through psychological empowerment: Focusing on the moderated mediating role of organizational procedural justice. Journal of Technical Education and Training, 14(1), 178–191. https://doi.org/10.30880/jtet.2022.14.01.015
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J.-Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5), 879–903. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879
Pusung, C. S., Narsa, N. P. D. R. H., & Wardhaningrum, O. A. (2023). Innovation, competitive strategy and MSME performance: A survey study on culinary SMEs in Indonesia during the COVID-19 pandemic. Business: Theory and Practice, 24(1), 160–172. https://doi.org/10.3846/btp.2023.16676
Rhoades, L., & Eisenberger, R. (2002). Perceived organizational support: A review of the literature. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87(4), 698–714. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.4.698
Rumijati, A., & Hakim, A. R. (2023). Innovative work behavior and self-efficacy: Does entrepreneurial leadership impact MSME business performance? Problems and Perspectives in Management, 21(4), 304–315. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.21(4).2023.24
Sarstedt, M., Hair, J. F., Pick, M., Liengaard, B. D., Radomir, L., & Ringle, C. M. (2022). Progress in partial least squares structural equation modeling use in marketing research in the last decade. Psychology & Marketing, 39(5), 1035–1064. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.21640
Wang, S., & Zhang, H. (2025). Enhancing SMEs sustainable innovation and performance through digital transformation: Insights from strategic technology, organizational dynamics, and environmental adaptation. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 98, Article 102124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2024.102124
Xu, Z., & Suntrayuth, S. (2022). Innovative work behavior in high-tech enterprises: Chain intermediary effect of psychological safety and knowledge sharing. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, Article 1017121. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1017121
Yudawisastra, H. G., Anwar, M., Nidar, S. R., & Azis, Y. (2023). The emergence of green management and sustainability performance for sustainable business at small medium enterprises (SMEs) in the culinary sector in Indonesia. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 18(5), 1489–1497. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.180519