Main Article Content
Abstract
Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG), risiko kredit yang diproksikan dengan Non-Performing Loan (NPL), dan efisiensi operasional yang diproksikan dengan BOPO terhadap profitabilitas Bank Umum Milik Negara (BUMN) di Indonesia yang diukur menggunakan Return on Assets (ROA).
Metode Penelitian: Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan data sekunder dari laporan tahunan dan laporan keberlanjutan empat bank BUMN periode 2016–2024. Sebanyak 35 observasi dianalisis menggunakan regresi linear berganda. Transformasi first differencing diterapkan untuk memperoleh model akhir setelah model awal menunjukkan indikasi autokorelasi.
Hasil dan Pembahasan: Hasil menunjukkan bahwa perubahan ESG Disclosure Score tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap perubahan ROA. Perubahan NPL berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap perubahan ROA, sedangkan perubahan BOPO tidak berpengaruh signifikan. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa risiko kredit merupakan faktor yang paling menentukan perubahan profitabilitas bank BUMN dalam model penelitian.
Implikasi: Bank BUMN perlu memprioritaskan pengendalian risiko kredit untuk menjaga profitabilitas, sementara efektivitas ESG dan efisiensi operasional perlu dievaluasi dalam perspektif jangka panjang.
Orisinalitas: Penelitian ini mengintegrasikan ESG, risiko kredit, dan efisiensi operasional dalam menjelaskan perubahan profitabilitas bank BUMN dengan pendekatan first differencing pada periode pengamatan 2016–2024.
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References
- Al-Harbi, A. (2019). The determinants of conventional banks profitability in developing and underdeveloped OIC countries. Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Science, 24(47), 4–28. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEFAS-05-2018-0043
- Ananda, S., Armeliza, D., & Handarini, D. (2025). Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Profitabilitas pada Bank Umum Konvensional di Indonesia Tahun 2020-2024. Journal of Accounting and Digital Finance, 1(1), 25–35. https://doi.org/10.53088/jadfi.v1i1.7
- Anindia, C. P., & Athoillah.Moh. (2024). PENGARUH ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL, & GOVERNANCE (ESG) DISCLOSURE SERTA KINERJA KREDIT TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS BANK. 3(2), 494–511.
- Broadstock, D. C., Chan, K., Cheng, L. T. W., & Wang, X. (2021). The role of ESG performance during times of financial crisis: Evidence from COVID-19 in China. Finance Research Letters, 38(June 2020), 101716. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2020.101716
- Fakhrunnas, F., Kenc, T., & Hengchao, Z. (2025). Esg and Banking Performance in Emerging and Developing Countries: Do Islamic Banks Perform Better? Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance, 11(1), 175–198. https://doi.org/10.21098/jimf.v11i1.2429
- Handayani, M., Rianto, M. R., Sulistyowati, A., & Supriyanto. (2022). Pengaruh NPF , BOPO , Inflasi dan Nilai Tukar Terhadap Kinerja ( ROA ) pada. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam, 8(02), 1887–1894.
- Irawan, P., Damayanti, E., Putri Pratama, R., Denita Siagian, L., & Hanggraeni, D. (2025). Operational Risk and Bank Profitability: Analyzing BOPO and Efficiency Ratios in Indonesian Commercial Banks. Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia, 6(1), 338–346. https://doi.org/10.59141/japendi.v6i1.6775
- Muhammad, R. H., & Ardana, P. N. N. I. (2024). The Impact of ESG Pillars on Banking Financial Performance in ASEAN-5 Countries. Journal of Enterprise and Development (JED), 6(3), 667.
- Oktavia, R., Siregar, D., & Jefri, U. (2025). Green banking , efisiensi biaya operasional (bopo), dan profitabilitas: bukti empiris pada perbankan yang terdaftar di bei periode 2020 – 2024. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Indonesia, 10(2), 73–80.
- Oktrivina, A., Nelyumna, N., Harnovinsah, H., Atikah, S., & Sujana, A. P. (2025). Pengaruh ESG score terhadap kinerja keuangan. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Manajemen, 22(2), 117–134. https://doi.org/10.36406/jam.v22i2.186
- Ozili, P. K. (2019). Non-performing loans and financial development: new evidence. Journal of Risk Finance, 20(1), 59–81. https://doi.org/10.1108/JRF-07-2017-0112
- Rahmaniati, N. P. G., & Ekawati, E. (2024). The role of Indonesian regulators on the effectiveness of ESG implementation in improving firms’ non-financial performance. Cogent Business and Management, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2293302
- Setiawan, I., Zulbetti, R., & Perwito. (2024). The Indonesian Commercial Banks’ Profitability and Credit Risk. Jurnal Ilmu Keuangan Dan Perbankan (JIKA), 14(1), 41–54. https://ojs.unikom.ac.id/index.php/jika/article/view/14135
- Toatubun, H., & Rahmi, R. (2024). the Effect of Non-Performing Loan (Npl) and Loan To Deposit Ratio (Ldr) on Return on Assets (Roa) At Pt Bank Pembangunan Daerah Papua. JIM UPB (Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Universitas Putera Batam), 13(1), 632–645. https://doi.org/10.33884/jimupb.v13i1.9479
References
Al-Harbi, A. (2019). The determinants of conventional banks profitability in developing and underdeveloped OIC countries. Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Science, 24(47), 4–28. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEFAS-05-2018-0043
Ananda, S., Armeliza, D., & Handarini, D. (2025). Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Profitabilitas pada Bank Umum Konvensional di Indonesia Tahun 2020-2024. Journal of Accounting and Digital Finance, 1(1), 25–35. https://doi.org/10.53088/jadfi.v1i1.7
Anindia, C. P., & Athoillah.Moh. (2024). PENGARUH ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL, & GOVERNANCE (ESG) DISCLOSURE SERTA KINERJA KREDIT TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS BANK. 3(2), 494–511.
Broadstock, D. C., Chan, K., Cheng, L. T. W., & Wang, X. (2021). The role of ESG performance during times of financial crisis: Evidence from COVID-19 in China. Finance Research Letters, 38(June 2020), 101716. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2020.101716
Fakhrunnas, F., Kenc, T., & Hengchao, Z. (2025). Esg and Banking Performance in Emerging and Developing Countries: Do Islamic Banks Perform Better? Journal of Islamic Monetary Economics and Finance, 11(1), 175–198. https://doi.org/10.21098/jimf.v11i1.2429
Handayani, M., Rianto, M. R., Sulistyowati, A., & Supriyanto. (2022). Pengaruh NPF , BOPO , Inflasi dan Nilai Tukar Terhadap Kinerja ( ROA ) pada. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam, 8(02), 1887–1894.
Irawan, P., Damayanti, E., Putri Pratama, R., Denita Siagian, L., & Hanggraeni, D. (2025). Operational Risk and Bank Profitability: Analyzing BOPO and Efficiency Ratios in Indonesian Commercial Banks. Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia, 6(1), 338–346. https://doi.org/10.59141/japendi.v6i1.6775
Muhammad, R. H., & Ardana, P. N. N. I. (2024). The Impact of ESG Pillars on Banking Financial Performance in ASEAN-5 Countries. Journal of Enterprise and Development (JED), 6(3), 667.
Oktavia, R., Siregar, D., & Jefri, U. (2025). Green banking , efisiensi biaya operasional (bopo), dan profitabilitas: bukti empiris pada perbankan yang terdaftar di bei periode 2020 – 2024. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Bisnis Indonesia, 10(2), 73–80.
Oktrivina, A., Nelyumna, N., Harnovinsah, H., Atikah, S., & Sujana, A. P. (2025). Pengaruh ESG score terhadap kinerja keuangan. Jurnal Akuntansi Dan Manajemen, 22(2), 117–134. https://doi.org/10.36406/jam.v22i2.186
Ozili, P. K. (2019). Non-performing loans and financial development: new evidence. Journal of Risk Finance, 20(1), 59–81. https://doi.org/10.1108/JRF-07-2017-0112
Rahmaniati, N. P. G., & Ekawati, E. (2024). The role of Indonesian regulators on the effectiveness of ESG implementation in improving firms’ non-financial performance. Cogent Business and Management, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2023.2293302
Setiawan, I., Zulbetti, R., & Perwito. (2024). The Indonesian Commercial Banks’ Profitability and Credit Risk. Jurnal Ilmu Keuangan Dan Perbankan (JIKA), 14(1), 41–54. https://ojs.unikom.ac.id/index.php/jika/article/view/14135
Toatubun, H., & Rahmi, R. (2024). the Effect of Non-Performing Loan (Npl) and Loan To Deposit Ratio (Ldr) on Return on Assets (Roa) At Pt Bank Pembangunan Daerah Papua. JIM UPB (Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Universitas Putera Batam), 13(1), 632–645. https://doi.org/10.33884/jimupb.v13i1.9479